Protocolo Sobre Pedagogia Del Acuerdo De Cese Al Fuego Bilateral Nacional Y Temporal - CFBNT Y Sus Protocolos, Entre El Gobierno De La Republica De Colombia Y El Ejercito De Liberacion Nacional - ELN

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Country/entity: Colombia
Region: Americas
Agreement name: Protocolo Sobre Pedagogia Del Acuerdo De Cese Al Fuego Bilateral Nacional Y Temporal - CFBNT Y Sus Protocolos, Entre El Gobierno De La Republica De Colombia Y El Ejercito De Liberacion Nacional - ELN
Date: 13 Jul 2023
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Colombian Conflict (1964 - )
The Colombian conflict is really a set of conflicts and the peace agreements reflect both different processes relating to different conflict groups and dyads, and processes taking place at different times in a complex peace process history. The Colombian civil war has its roots in the late 1940s and the violent infighting between liberal and the conservative factions. Emerging from the liberal tradition with a thorough grounding in nationalist communist ideology, the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia—People's Army (FARC) began its armed insurrection against the Colombian government in 1964. Other left-wing guerrillas emerged as well, most notably the socialist/populist M-19, which would later be integrated into the formal political system in the peace process of 1990s; the National Liberation Army (ELN), which has strong roots in liberation theology, and the Maoist Ejército Popular de Liberación (EPL) (also part of the 1990 process, less successfully). Several stages of peace processes were undertaken by the various sides, which were further complicated by the emergence of right-wing paramilitary ‘self-defence’ forces. The peace agreement between the Colombian government under President Uribe and the main alliance of the paramilitary groups, the United Self-Defence Forces of Colombia (AUC), concluded in 2005 and is still heavily disputed as several remnants are still active, but now subsumed under the heading ‘Bacrim’ (Bandas criminales). In addition, FARC and ELN maintain a military presence, but both demonstrate a strong interest in completing successful peace negotiations with the government, with the most recent agreements being between FARC and the Government.
Stage: Implementation/renegotiation
Conflict nature: Government
Peace process: Colombia VI - Government-ELN post-2015 process
Parties: Delegation of the Government of the Republic of Colombia:

(Signed) José Otty Patiño Hormaza, Head of delegation
(Signed) Iván Danilo Rueda Rodríguez, High Commissioner for Peace
(Signed) Iván Cepeda Castro
(Signed) Orlando Romero Reyes
(Signed) Horacio Guerrero García
(Signed) Olga Lilia Silva López
(Signed) Rosmery Quintero Castro
(Signed) Carlos Alfonso Rosero
(Signed) Adelaida Jiménez Cortés
(Signed) Rodrigo Botero García
(Signed) Dayana Paola Urzola Domicó
(Signed) José Félix Lafaurie Rivera
(Signed) Nigeria Rentería Lozano
(Signed) Álvaro Matallana Eslava
(Signed) María José Pizarro Rodríguez
Delegation of the Ejército de Liberación Nacional – ELN:

(Signed) Pablo Beltrán, Head of delegation
(Signed) Aureliano Carbonell
(Signed) Bernardo Téllez
(Signed) Manuel Gustavo Martínez
(Signed) María Consuelo Tapias
(Signed) Isabel Torres
(Signed) Simón Pabón
(Signed) Mauricio Iguarán
Third parties: As observers for the Armed Forces:

(Signed) Brig. Gen. William Oswaldo Rincón Zambrano
(Signed) Maj. Gen. Hugo Alejandro López Barreto
Guarantor countries (As witnesses and depositaries):

(Signed) Laura Berdine Santos Delamonica, Federative Republic of Brazil
(Signed) Eugenio Martínez Enríquez, Republic of Cuba
(Signed) Peder Østebø, Kingdom of Norway
(Signed) Patricia Esquenazi Marín, Republic of Chile
(Signed) Roberto de León Huerta, United Mexican States
(Signed) Gen. Carlos Martínez Mendoza, Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
Permanent accompanying partners:

(Signed) Angela Bargellini, Delegate of the Special Representative of the United Nations Secretary-General for Colombia
(Signed) Msgr. Héctor Fabio Henao Gaviria, Delegate for Church-State Relations, Episcopal Conference of Colombia
Description: This protocol specifies the educational strategies to disseminate and promote understanding of the ceasefire agreement and its operational protocols among Colombian society, state entities, ELN, the Episcopal Conference of Colombia, and the United Nations Verification Mission in Colombia. It emphasizes timely, contextually relevant, and respectful education campaigns, employing diverse methodological approaches sensitive to ethnic, territorial, and demographic considerations. The protocol delineates the responsibilities of different stakeholders in leading educational efforts within their respective spheres, including the government, ELN, the Episcopal Conference, and the UN Verification Mission, aiming for a comprehensive understanding and support for the ceasefire agreement. This initiative, endorsed in Havana, Cuba, on 13 July 2023, invites societal groups to participate in raising awareness and fostering a common narrative towards peace.

Agreement document: CO_230713_Protocol on education of the Agreement on a temporary bilateral national ceasefire between the Government of the Republic of Colombia and the Ejército de Liberación Nacional (ELN) and its Protocols.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF
Agreement document (original language): CO_230713_Protocolo Sobre Pedagogia Del Acuerdo De Cese Al Fuego Bilateral Nacional Y Temporal - CFBNT Y Sus Protocolos, Entre El Gobierno De La Republica De Colombia Y El Ejercito De Liberacion Nacional - ELN.pdf (opens in new tab)| Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: Groups→Disabled persons→Anti-discrimination
1. Principles
Education shall be governed by the following principles:
...
consideration of ethnic, territorial and age-, gender- and disability-sensitive approaches in methodological design, execution and evaluation.
Elderly/age: Groups→Elderly/age→Anti-discrimination
1. Principles
Education shall be governed by the following principles:
...
consideration of ethnic, territorial and age-, gender- and disability-sensitive approaches in methodological design, execution and evaluation.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: Groups→Racial/ethnic/national group→Anti-discrimination
1. Principles
Education shall be governed by the following principles:
...
consideration of ethnic, territorial and age-, gender- and disability-sensitive approaches in methodological design, execution and evaluation.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: 1. Principles
Education shall be governed by the following principles:
...
consideration of ethnic, territorial and age-, gender- and disability-sensitive approaches in methodological design, execution and evaluation.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: Rights related issues→Media and communication→Media roles
2. Education Framework
Educational work of fostering discussion, raising awareness and the taking of ownership shall be carried out in the following areas.
...
2.6. The Episcopal Conference of Colombia shall educate its own members, the Catholic Church and the general public about the Agreement on a temporary bilateral national ceasefire and its Protocols.
2.7. The United Nations Verification Mission in Colombia shall educate its own staff about the Agreement on a temporary bilateral national ceasefire and its Protocols to, in accordance with the mandate of the Monitoring and Verification Mechanism.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: No specific mention.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: Security sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provision
1. Principles
Education shall be governed by the following principles:
1.1. Timeliness:
conduct of educational activities at the preparatory stage and during the term of the Agreement on a temporary bilateral national ceasefire and its Protocols, to help foster trust and understanding and, consequently, conduct and actions that strengthen the implementation of the Agreement on a temporary bilateral national ceasefire.
1.2. Contextualization:
...
1.3. Relevance:
focus on educational work exclusively and specifically on the content of the Agreement on a temporary bilateral national ceasefire and its Protocols and on their implementation.
...
2. Education Framework
Educational work of fostering discussion, raising awareness and the taking of ownership shall be carried out in the following areas.
2.1. Each component of the Monitoring and Verification Mechanism shall lead its own internal education process.
...
2.6. The Episcopal Conference of Colombia shall educate its own members, the Catholic Church and the general public about the Agreement on a temporary bilateral national ceasefire and its Protocols.
2.7. The United Nations Verification Mission in Colombia shall educate its own staff about the Agreement on a temporary bilateral national ceasefire and its Protocols to, in accordance with the mandate of the Monitoring and Verification Mechanism.
The peace talks panel invites various groups in society to strengthen the process of raising awareness of the Agreement on a temporary bilateral national ceasefire.
Security sector→Ceasefire→General commitments
For the purposes of the present Protocol, education is understood to mean the construction of a common narrative, methodologies and strategies to enable Colombian society, the international community, State entities, ELN, the Episcopal Conference of Colombia and the United Nations Verification Mission in Colombia to discuss, gain an understanding and take ownership of the scope and purpose of the Agreement on a temporary bilateral national ceasefire.
1. Principles
Education shall be governed by the following principles:
...
explanation of the scope and purpose of the Agreement on a temporary bilateral national ceasefire and its Protocols, taking into consideration the specific characteristics of each community and its territory.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: 2. Education Framework
Educational work of fostering discussion, raising awareness and the taking of ownership shall be carried out in the following areas.
...
2.3. ELN undertakes to lead the educational process on the war fronts and its other units.
2.4. The Government of Colombia and ELN undertake to jointly conduct the educational exercise for the general public.
2.5. Joint educational activities shall be carried out, in the case of ELN, by representative members, peace advocates and advisors;
and on behalf of the Government, by delegates of the peace talks panel and advisors.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: 2. Education Framework
Educational work of fostering discussion, raising awareness and the taking of ownership shall be carried out in the following areas.
...
Permanent accompanying partners:
(Signed) Angela Bargellini, Delegate of the Special Representative of the United Nations Secretary-General for Colombia
Other international signatory: 2. Education Framework
Educational work of fostering discussion, raising awareness and the taking of ownership shall be carried out in the following areas.
...
Guarantor countries (As witnesses and depositaries):
(Signed) Laura Berdine Santos Delamonica, Federative Republic of Brazil
(Signed) Eugenio Martínez Enríquez, Republic of Cuba
(Signed) Peder Østebø, Kingdom of Norway
(Signed) Patricia Esquenazi Marín, Republic of Chile
(Signed) Roberto de León Huerta, United Mexican States
(Signed) Gen. Carlos Martínez Mendoza, Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: 2. Education Framework
Educational work of fostering discussion, raising awareness and the taking of ownership shall be carried out in the following areas.
...
2.7. The United Nations Verification Mission in Colombia shall educate its own staff about the Agreement on a temporary bilateral national ceasefire and its Protocols to, in accordance with the mandate of the Monitoring and Verification Mechanism.
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: No specific mention.

Protocol on education of the Agreement on a temporary bilateral national ceasefire between the Government of the Republic of Colombia and the Ejército de Liberación Nacional (ELN) and its Protocols

Pursuant to the Agreement on a temporary bilateral national ceasefire between the Government of the Republic of Colombia and the Ejército de Liberación Nacional (ELN) (Agreement No.

10), signed on 9 June 2023, the present Protocol establishes the guidelines for educational work regarding the Agreement and its Protocols.

For the purposes of the present Protocol, education is understood to mean the construction of a common narrative, methodologies and strategies to enable Colombian society, the international community, State entities, ELN, the Episcopal Conference of Colombia and the United Nations Verification Mission in Colombia to discuss, gain an understanding and take ownership of the scope and purpose of the Agreement on a temporary bilateral national ceasefire.

1. Principles

Education shall be governed by the following principles:

1.1. Timeliness:

conduct of educational activities at the preparatory stage and during the term of the Agreement on a temporary bilateral national ceasefire and its Protocols, to help foster trust and understanding and, consequently, conduct and actions that strengthen the implementation of the Agreement on a temporary bilateral national ceasefire.

1.2. Contextualization:

explanation of the scope and purpose of the Agreement on a temporary bilateral national ceasefire and its Protocols, taking into consideration the specific characteristics of each community and its territory.

1.3. Relevance:

focus on educational work exclusively and specifically on the content of the Agreement on a temporary bilateral national ceasefire and its Protocols and on their implementation.

1.4. Respectful language:

use of respectful language when carrying out educational activities in order to build trust and promote recognition of the parties’ common interests, with a view to the implementation of the Agreement and its Protocols.

1.5. Approaches:

consideration of ethnic, territorial and age-, gender- and disability-sensitive approaches in methodological design, execution and evaluation.

2. Education Framework

Educational work of fostering discussion, raising awareness and the taking of ownership shall be carried out in the following areas.

2.1. Each component of the Monitoring and Verification Mechanism shall lead its own internal education process.

2.2. The Government of Colombia undertakes to lead the educational process in all State entities, at the local, regional and national levels.

2.3. ELN undertakes to lead the educational process on the war fronts and its other units.

2.4. The Government of Colombia and ELN undertake to jointly conduct the educational exercise for the general public.

2.5. Joint educational activities shall be carried out, in the case of ELN, by representative members, peace advocates and advisors;

and on behalf of the Government, by delegates of the peace talks panel and advisors.

2.6. The Episcopal Conference of Colombia shall educate its own members, the Catholic Church and the general public about the Agreement on a temporary bilateral national ceasefire and its Protocols.

2.7. The United Nations Verification Mission in Colombia shall educate its own staff about the Agreement on a temporary bilateral national ceasefire and its Protocols to, in accordance with the mandate of the Monitoring and Verification Mechanism.

The peace talks panel invites various groups in society to strengthen the process of raising awareness of the Agreement on a temporary bilateral national ceasefire.

Havana, Republic of Cuba, 13 July 2023.

Delegation of the Government of the Republic of Colombia:

(Signed) José Otty Patiño Hormaza, Head of delegation

(Signed) Iván Danilo Rueda Rodríguez, High Commissioner for Peace

(Signed) Iván Cepeda Castro

(Signed) Orlando Romero Reyes

(Signed) Horacio Guerrero García

(Signed) Olga Lilia Silva López

(Signed) Rosmery Quintero Castro

(Signed) Carlos Alfonso Rosero

(Signed) Adelaida Jiménez Cortés

(Signed) Rodrigo Botero García

(Signed) Dayana Paola Urzola Domicó

(Signed) José Félix Lafaurie Rivera

(Signed) Nigeria Rentería Lozano

(Signed) Álvaro Matallana Eslava

(Signed) María José Pizarro Rodríguez

Delegation of the Ejército de Liberación Nacional – ELN:

(Signed) Pablo Beltrán, Head of delegation

(Signed) Aureliano Carbonell

(Signed) Bernardo Téllez

(Signed) Manuel Gustavo Martínez

(Signed) María Consuelo Tapias

(Signed) Isabel Torres

(Signed) Simón Pabón

(Signed) Mauricio Iguarán

As observers for the Armed Forces:

(Signed) Brig.

Gen. William Oswaldo Rincón Zambrano

(Signed) Maj.

Gen. Hugo Alejandro López Barreto

Guarantor countries (As witnesses and depositaries):

(Signed) Laura Berdine Santos Delamonica, Federative Republic of Brazil

(Signed) Eugenio Martínez Enríquez, Republic of Cuba

(Signed) Peder Østebø, Kingdom of Norway

(Signed) Patricia Esquenazi Marín, Republic of Chile

(Signed) Roberto de León Huerta, United Mexican States

(Signed) Gen. Carlos Martínez Mendoza, Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela

Permanent accompanying partners:

(Signed) Angela Bargellini, Delegate of the Special Representative of the United Nations Secretary-General for Colombia

(Signed) Msgr.

Héctor Fabio Henao Gaviria, Delegate for Church-State Relations, Episcopal Conference of Colombia