Feuille de Route

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Country/entity: Central African Republic
Region: Africa (excl MENA)
Agreement name: Feuille de Route
Date: 19 Dec 2017
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/local conflict
Central African Republic Conflicts (1996 - )
The Central African Republic conflict is one of a set of regionally connected conflicts addressed by the African Great Lakes process. After the country gained independence from France in 1960 it has been ruled by a sequence of autocratic leaders that principally gained power through coups. Since the mid-1990s several waves of internal conflict took place in the Central African Republic, primarily along tribal, and later-on increasingly sectarian, lines. In 1996 and 1997, French troops and soldiers from neighbouring countries intervened to end a mutiny in the capital, Bangui, by factions of the army. The fighting was predominantly along tribal lines, with southern tribes in revolt against the ‘northern’ government. A UN mission was installed in 1998 to secure the truce.
After General Bozizé took control of the country after several coup attempts in 2003, a ‘bush war’ began led by armed opposition forces. From late 2006 onward, government troops with French military support severely weakened the rebels. Following this, a number of agreements were signed during 2007-2008, but not all factions have accepted them. In 2011, Bozizé was re-elected in supposedly fraudulent elections, which resulted in a new wave of uprisings. Séléka, an alliance of northern rebel groups, took over parts of the country and forced Bozizé to agree to a power-sharing deal. However, after this agreement broke down, Séléka took control of Bangui and Bozizé had to flee the country in 2013. Leader of Séléka, Michel Djotodia, took office and officially disbanded Séléka. However, continual violence between ex-Séléka groups and opposing militias, collectively known as ‘anti-balaka’, persisted and Djotodia was forced to resign less than a year later. Catherine Samba-Panza was installed as interim president until Faustin Archange Touadéra was elected in January 2016. In February 2019 an agreement was signed between the government and fourteen armed groups, including ex-Seleka groups, committed to disarmament. However, violence between ex-Seleka groups and anti-balaka continues.
Stage: Framework/substantive - partial
Conflict nature: Inter-group
Peace process: CAR: African Initiative (and related) Process
Parties: Groupe armé: DAMANE Zakaria
Autodéfense: NDOUMBA Theophile
MLCJ: Gal. ACHAFI DAOUD AS SABOUR
Coordination de la Société civile: Placide MOKOSSEAMA
Jeunesse: HASANE Adam Sallet
OFCA: NOURA ABATCHOU Lydie
Conseil des sages: DALKIA Gilbert
Comité de sensibilisation: MATAR CHAIB
Third parties: Plateforme Religieuse:
Pasteur OLFETE André
Imam ABOUBAKAR SIDIK
Abb POUNABA Ephrem

Témoins:
Préfet de la Haute: Thierry E BINGUINENDJI
S/P de Bria: YOUNOUS MOUSSA
S/P de Yalinga: SACKO Edmond
Délégation Spéciale de Bria: HIBRAHIM CHAIBOU
Commandant de Compagnie: YOUNOUS GABDJA
Chef de Bureau MINUSCA: IMTIAZ Hussein
Description: Short provincial agreement that provides includes provisions related to demilitarisation and freedom of goods and people, but also: Return of displaced people; Prohibition of imprisonment and torture of any person without distinction; prohibition of the use of Motorola as a mean of communication.

Agreement document: CF_19122017_Feuille de Route_tr.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF
Agreement document (original language): CF_19122017_Feuille_de_Route.pdf (opens in new tab)| Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: Groups→Religious groups→Rhetorical
Page 1,
1: To solemnly commit to the free movement of people and goods, Christians and Muslims throughout Haute-Kotto in general and the city of Bria in particular
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: Groups→Refugees/displaced persons→Rhetorical
Page 1,
...
Considering the serious health situation in the IDP sites

Page 1,
7: To liberate all occupied houses and to facilitate the return of displaced persons to their respective neighborhoods
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: Page 2, Signatory:
...
OFCA: NOURA ABATCHOU Lydie
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: Page 1,
9: To raise awareness amongst parents and students to push for a successful resumption of school activities

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: Page 1,
6: To promote the free movement of vehicles and humanitarian personnel and organizations of the civil society.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: Page 1,
8: To promote the resumption of all state civil services activities
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: Page 1,
4: To prohibit the imprisonment and torture of any person without distinction (civilian as well as armed)
Media and communication: Rights related issues→Media and communication→Governance of media
Page 1,
5: To prohibit the use of MOTOROLA as a means of communication in the city
Mobility/access: Page 1,
1: To solemnly commit to the free movement of people and goods, Christians and Muslims throughout Haute-Kotto in general and the city of Bria in particular

Page 1,
6: To promote the free movement of vehicles and humanitarian personnel and organizations of the civil society.

Page 1,
10: To promote the free movement of MINUSCA and support its actions
Protection measures: Rights related issues→Protection measures→Protection of civilians
Page 1,
4: To prohibit the imprisonment and torture of any person without distinction (civilian as well as armed)
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: No specific mention.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: Page 1,
1: To solemnly commit to the free movement of people and goods, Christians and Muslims throughout Haute-Kotto in general and the city of Bria in particular
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: Land, property and environment→Land reform/rights→Property return and restitution
Page 1,
7: To liberate all occupied houses and to facilitate the return of displaced persons to their respective neighborhoods
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: No specific mention.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: Page 1,
2: To prohibit the carrying of weapons and wearing of military uniform throughout the prefecture, except with authorization from a hierarchical officer
DDR: Security sector→DDR→Demilitarisation provisions
Page 1,
2: To prohibit the carrying of weapons and wearing of military uniform throughout the prefecture, except with authorization from a hierarchical officer
3: To invite all autodefense groups and all armed persons to lay down their weapons
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: Page 1,
3: To invite all autodefense groups and all armed persons to lay down their weapons
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: Witnesses
Minusca Office Manager: IMTIAZ Hussein
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: Page 1,
10: To promote the free movement of MINUSCA and support its actions
Enforcement mechanism: Page 1,
11: Any violations of this course of action will result in sanctions for the offending party
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: On file with author.

Prefecture of Haute-Kotto

UNITÉ-DIGNITÉ-TRAVAIL

COURSE OF ACTION

- Considering the joint communique signed on September 21st, 2017

- Considering the difficult situation of the population

- Considering the serious health situation in the IDP sites

- Considering the abuse of the armed groups against the population

- Considering the various visits and meetings between the men and women of Haute-Kotto

- Considering the common desire for the definitive return of peace in all the prefecture

UNANIMOUSLY DECIDE AS FOLLOWS:

1: To solemnly commit to the free movement of people and goods, Christians and Muslims throughout Haute-Kotto in general and the city of Bria in particular

2: To prohibit the carrying of weapons and wearing of military uniform throughout the prefecture, except with authorization from a hierarchical officer

3: To invite all autodefense groups and all armed persons to lay down their weapons

4: To prohibit the imprisonment and torture of any person without distinction (civilian as well as armed)

5: To prohibit the use of MOTOROLA as a means of communication in the city

6: To promote the free movement of vehicles and humanitarian personnel and organizations of the civil society.

7: To liberate all occupied houses and to facilitate the return of displaced persons to their respective neighborhoods

8: To promote the resumption of all state civil services activities

9: To raise awareness amongst parents and students to push for a successful resumption of school activities

10: To promote the free movement of MINUSCA and support its actions

11: Any violations of this course of action will result in sanctions for the offending party

Done at Bria on 19 December 2017

Signed

Armed group - DAMANE Zakaria

Autodefense group - NDOUMBA Theophile

MLCJ - General ACHAFI DAOUD AS SABOUR

Coordination of the Civil society - Placide MOKOSSEAMA

Youth - HASANE Adam Sallet

OFCA - NOURA ABATCHOU Lydie

Sages Council - DALKIA Gilbert

Awareness Committee - MATAR CHAIB

Religious Leaders

Pastor OLFETE Andre, Imam ABOUBAKAR SIDIK, Abb POUNABA Ephrem

Witnesses

Haute-Kotto Prefect - Thierry E BINGUINENDJI

S/P of Bria:

YOUNOUS MOUSSA

S/P of Yalinga:

SACKO Edmond

Special Delegation of Bria - HIBRAHIM CHAIBOU

Campany Commander - YOUNOUS GABDJA

Minusca Office Manager - IMTIAZ Hussein