1993 Interim Ceasefire Agreement Between the Government of the Republic of The Philippines (GRP) and the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) with the Participation of the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC)

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Country/entity: Philippines
Mindanao
Region: Asia and Pacific
Agreement name: 1993 Interim Ceasefire Agreement Between the Government of the Republic of The Philippines (GRP) and the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) with the Participation of the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC)
Date: 7 Nov 1993
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Philippine Insurgencies (1968 - )
The Maoist Insurgencies (1968 - )

Philippines-NDF

The Philippines have been defined by a series of center-periphery and often ideologically Maoist, separatist insurgencies. The Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP), began its war against the central Philippine government in 1968 through their armed wing – the New People’s Army (NPA). Further legitimacy was gained through the establishment of the National Democratic Front (NDF) in 1973. Grievances were predominantly opposed to the corruption and repression under the authoritarian Marcos regime.

Philippines-Cordillera

With the overthrow of Marcos’ regime in 1986, the CPP factionalized further to take on more localized characteristics. The Cordillera Peoples Liberation Army (CPLA) broke away from the NDF in 1986 to focus on the protection of the Cordilleran people and land in northern Luzon. Hostilities were formally ended in July 2011, with an agreement signed between the central government, the CPLA and the Cordillera Bodong Administration (CBA) that allowed for the absorption of CPLA fighters into the Philippine Army and the re-working of the CBA-CPLA into a socio-development organisation.

Philippines-RPM-P

Meanwhile, purge among the CPP in the early 1990s, encouraged the formation of a parallel party, the Revolutionary Workers Party (RPM-P). Their armed wing, the Alex Boncayao Brigade (ABB) which had carried out a number of assassinations during the 1980s at the bequest of the CPP, followed suit and allied themselves with the RPM-P in 1997 forming the (RPM-P-RPA-ABB). Severely weakened by the split with the CPP and with the arrest of several key figures, the RPM-P-RPA-ABB signed a peace agreement in December 2000, which encouraged the RPM-P’s branch in Mindanao to break away in 2001.

The CPP-NPA has only participated in intermittent talks with the government. Talks halted in 2004 when Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo’s administration sought closer ties with the U.S. in the war on terror and added the CPP-NPA to the list of terrorist organisations, renewing violence. Following the launch of a counter-insurgency by the Philippine government, negotiations have been further delayed due to suspected internal differences between the CPP ‘old guard’ and younger members.

The Moro Insurgency (1968 - )

Philippines-Mindanao

The Moro Insurgency began in 1968, in Mindanao and the Sulu archipelago after the killing of Moro Commandos, the so-called Jabidah Massacre, by the Philippine Army following a plot to invade Sabah province in Malaysia. The Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) captured a swath of territory in the mid-1970s. In an attempt to stem the violence, the constitution was reformed and Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) was created 1990 granting a devolution of power to the provinces of Lanao del Sur, Maguindanao, Sulu and Tawi-Tawi. Following the establishment of the ARMM, the MNLF splintered into a range of smaller groups including Islamic factions such as the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) and the Abu Sayef Goup (ASG). The Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro was signed in 2014.
Stage: Ceasefire/related
Conflict nature: Government/territory
Peace process: Philippines - Mindanao process
Parties: Ambassador Manuel T. Yan, GRP Peace Panel Chairman
Professor Nur Misuari, MNLF Peace Panel Chairman
Third parties: Ambassador S. Wiryono, Director-General for Political Affairs for the Host Government and the OIC Ministerial Committee of the Six Chairman

Ambassador Mohammad Mohsin, OIC Assistant Secretary General
Description: Agreement to formalize and strengthen the ceasefire, and establishes a Joint Committee to implement the agreement.

Agreement document: PH_931107 Interim Ceasefire Agreement.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: No specific mention.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: Security sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provision
Page 1, Preamble
WHEREAS, there is an existing informal ceasefire between the Armed Forces of the Philippines and the Philippine National Police of the GRP, on the one hand, and the Bangsamoro Armed Forces of the MNLF, on the other, [...]

Page 1, 1. To formalize and further strengthen the structure and conduct of the ceasefire which was agreed upon between the erstwhile Philippine President Corazon C. Aquino, and Chairman Nur Misuari of the MNLF. The latter in embarking on the peace
process had obtained the Concurrence of the Secretary-General of the OIC. [...]

Page 1, 2. To ensure the successful implementation of this Interim Ceasefire Agreement, the forces of both parties shall remain in their respective places and retrain from any provocative actions or any acts of hostilities contrary to the spirit and purposes of this said Agreement: provided that the representatives of the OIC shall help supervise in the implementation of this Agreement through the Joint Committee;

Page 2, 3. A Joint Committee as provided for in Article III section 12 of the Tripoli Agreement shall be constituted immediately, to be composed of representatives from the GRP and the MNLF with the help of the OIC represented by the Ministerial Committee of
the Six;

Page 2, 4. This Joint Committee shall prepare its own detailed guidelines and ground rules for the implementation of this Agreement and submit the same to all parties concerned not later than 30th November 1993 for approval by duly designated representatives of all the parties concerned.

Page 2, 5. This Interim Ceasefire Agreement which shall be linked to the substantial progress of the negotiations shall take effect immediately upon its signing by the parties signatory to it and shall remain valid and enforceable solely for the duration of the Formal Peace Talks, unless otherwise extended by their unanimous decision.
Police: Page 1, Preamble
WHEREAS, there is an existing informal ceasefire between the Armed Forces of the Philippines and the Philippine National Police of the GRP, on the one hand, and the Bangsamoro Armed Forces of the MNLF, on the other, [...]
Armed forces: Page 1, Preamble
WHEREAS, there is an existing informal ceasefire between the Armed Forces of the Philippines and the Philippine National Police of the GRP, on the one hand, and the Bangsamoro Armed Forces of the MNLF, on the other, [...]
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: Page 1, Preamble
WHEREAS, there is an existing informal ceasefire between the Armed Forces of the Philippines and the Philippine National Police of the GRP, on the one hand, and the Bangsamoro Armed Forces of the MNLF, on the other, [...]

Page 1, 2. To ensure the successful implementation of this Interim Ceasefire Agreement, the forces of both parties shall remain in their respective places and retrain from any provocative actions or any acts of hostilities contrary to the spirit and purposes of this said Agreement: provided that the representatives of the OIC shall help supervise in the implementation of this Agreement through the Joint Committee;
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: Ambassador S. Wiryono, Director-General for Political Affairs for the Host Government and the OIC Ministerial Committee of the Six Chairman

Ambassador Mohammad Mohsin, OIC Assistant Secretary General
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism: As Agreement in its entirety is formalizes and strengthens the ceasefire between the Parties, see Ceasefire section for enforcement mechanism.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: UN Peacemaker
https://peacemaker.un.org/philippines-interimceasefire93

In the Name of God, the Omnipotent, the Merciful GRP - MNLF Formal Peace Talks with the OIC Participation

Jakarta, 25th October - 7th Novemeber 1993 Interim GRP - MNLF Ceasefire Agreement

This document is entitled:

"1993 Interim Ceasefire Agreement Between the Government of the Republic of The Philippines (GRP) and the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) with the Participation of the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC)".

WHEREAS, there are on-going formal negotiations between the GRP and the MNLF Peace Panels being held in Jakarta, Indonesia, with the

participation of the Representatives of the OIC in order to attain a just, comprehensive and lasting peace in the Southern Philippines, primarily

in the area of regional autonomy;

WHEREAS, there is an existing informal ceasefire between the Armed Forces of the Philippines and the Philippine National Police of the GRP,

on the one hand, and the Bangsamoro Armed Forces of the MNLF, on the other, as a result of the meeting between the erstwhile President

Corazon C. Aquino and Chairman Nur Misuari in the capital lown Jolo, the Province of Sulu, on 5th September 1986;

WHEREAS, all the parties at the current Formal Peace Talks, subscribing to the a dable suggestion of the Honorable Foreign Minister of Indonesia, do hereby agree on the following:

1. To formalize and further strengthen the structure and conduct of the ceasefire which was agreed upon between the erstwhile Philippine President Corazon C. Aquino, and Chairman Nur Misuari of the MNLF.

The latter in embarking on the peace process had obtained the concurrence of the Secretary-General of the OIC.

The historic meeting between the two leaders took place in Jolo, the Province of Sulu, on 5th September 1986;

2. To ensure the successful implementation of this Interim Ceasefire Agreement, the forces of both parties shall remain in their respective places and retrain from any provocative actions or any acts of hostilities contrary to the spirit and purposes of this said Agreement:

provided that the representatives of the OIC shall help supervise in the implementation of this Agreement through the Joint Committee;

3. A Joint Committee as provided for in Article III section 12 of the Tripoli Agreement shall be constituted immediately, to be composed of representatives from the GRP and the MNLF with the help of the OIC represented by the Ministerial Committee of the Six;

4. This Joint Committee shall prepare its own detailed guidelines and ground rules for the implementation of this Agreement and submit the same to all parties concerned not later than 30th November 1993 for approval by duly designated representatives of all the parties concerned.

5. This Interim Ceasefire Agreement which shall be linked to the substantial progress of the negotiations shall take effect immediately upon its signing by the parties signatory to it and shall remain valid and enforceable solely for the duration of the Formal Peace Talks, unless otherwise extended by their unanimous decision.

Done in Jakarta on the 7th of November 1993