The Managua Protocol on Disarmament

Country/entity
Nicaragua
Region
Americas
Agreement name
The Managua Protocol on Disarmament
Date
30 May 1990
Agreement status
Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement
Yes
Agreement/conflict level
Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Stage
Ceasefire/related
Conflict nature
Government
Peace process
Nicaragua contra process
Parties
President of the Republic, Resistance Forces
Third parties
Nicaraguan Cardinal Miguel Obando y Bravo
Description
Agreement detailing demobilization and reintegration of Nicaraguan resistance forces and treatment of their families to certain designted 'development' areas; Govt undertaking to appoint reps of the demobilized combatants to the relevant Ministries and to allow them to participate in local government. Provides for possibility of the resistance to become a political party.
Main category
Page 4, 1.d. The resistance is urged to submit immediately a list of widows and orphans, so that the Nicaraguan Social Security and Welfare Institute can include them in its budget and they can receive the monthly pensions to which they are entitled.

Page 2, 10.
In compliance with the Toncontin Agreement and its addendum, the resistance hereby ratifies its undertaking to demobilise and lay down its arms by 10 June 1990 at the latest. To that end, the resistance undertakes to demobilize at least 100 combatants each day in each zone as from this date. Furthermore, in honour of Mother's Day, a considerable number of the combatants of the Nicaraguan resistance shall be demobilized.

Women, girls and gender

Participation

No specific mention.

Equality
Equality→Social equality
Page 4, Article 1
d. The resistance is urged to submit immediately a list of widows and orphans, so that the Nicaraguan Social Security and Welfare Institute can include them in its budget and they can receive the monthly pensions to which they are entitled.
Particular groups of women

No specific mention.

International law

No specific mention.

New institutions

No specific mention.

Violence against women

No specific mention.

Transitional justice
Transitional justice→Past and gender
Page 4, Article 1.
d. The resistance is urged to submit immediately a list of widows and orphans, so that the Nicaraguan Social Security and Welfare Institute can include them in its budget and they can receive the monthly pensions to which they are entitled.
Institutional reform
Institutional reform→DDR, army, parastatal or rebel forces
Article 10
In compliance with the Toncontin Agreement and its addendum, the resistance hereby ratifies its undertaking to demobilise and lay down its arms by 10 June 1990 at the latest. To that end, the resistance undertakes to demobilize at least 100 combatants each day in each zone as from this date. Furthermore, in honour of Mother's Day, a considerable number of the combatants of the Nicaraguan resistance shall be demobilized.
Development

No specific mention.

Implementation

No specific mention.

Other

No specific mention.

Managua protocol on disarmament

In the spirit of the Managua Declaration signed on 4 May 1990, the resistance, the Government of Nicaragua and His Eminence Miguel Cardinal Obando y Bravo have by these presents agreed as follows:

1. The implementation of measures planned in connection with the "Commitment to guarantee the physical and moral integrity of the combatants of the Nicaraguan resistance, as a group and individually, their family members and the civilian population accompanying them" shall be facilitated as follows:

(a) The seriously ill shall be moved immediately so that they may receive the necessary medical care in a Nicaraguan hospital;

(b) Disabled and wounded ex-combatants shall be given specialized care in Managua;

(c) A commission comprising members from the Government, the Nicaraguan resistance, the United Nations International Support and Verification Commission (CIAV) and His Eminence Miguel Cardinal Obando y Bravo shall be established to travel to Honduras and Costa Rica in order to make a thorough investigation of the living conditions of the families of the resistance combatants and take emergency measures to solve any problems that come to light;

(d) The resistance is urged to submit immediately a list of widows and orphans, so that the Nlcaraguan Social Security and Welfare Institute can include them in its budget and they can receive the monthly pensions to which they are entitled.

2. By agreement among the parties, the development area known as "El Almendro", described in the annexed document on the develofment areas, shall be established on the basis of the proposal made by the Government.

The series of steps required for its implementation and for the settlement of the demobilized combatants in the development areas shall begin as from today's date.

3. The Government of Nir.aragua undertakes to provide each demobilized combatant with minimal economic assistance.

4. It undertakes to set up immediately a police force for internal order, in which former members of the resistance will participate, the main object of which shall be to safeguard the life and physical integrity of the citizens living in the development areas~ It is also proposed that this police force should come under the organizational structure of the Ministry of the Interior.

In addition, the United Nations or a friendly country shall be asked to provide technical advice on the professional training of the police force.

5. It undertakes to create the proper securlty conditions in the demilitarised areas, to which end it is considered necessary to

(a) Make arrangement to have the mandate of the United Nations Observer Group in Central America (ONUCA) enlarged,

(b) Have the Government provide supplementary assistance to each demobilized combatant leaving a security zone,

(c) Demilitarise each area of conflict,

(d) Continue collecting weapon, in the hands of civiliaus in the area, of conflict.

6. It undertakes to guarantee the safety of ex-combatants who agree to demobilize and leave the aaaurity zones, settling in the development area,.

The option of returning to their place of origin shall also be available for those who wish to do so.

It is understood that anyone so opting shall, like any other citizen, assume the risks involved.

7. The Government undertakes to appoint upon the recommendation of the resistance, a representative of the demobiliaed combatants to the Ministries dealing with ex-combatants and their families, namely the Ministries of Health, Agrarian Reform, Labour and others, and also to appoint two members to the Governing Council of the Nicaraguan Repatriation Institute.

8. The Government of Nicaragua undertakes to allow the ex-combatants of the resistance who have settled in the development areas to participate in the local government, that is, within the development area.

In addition, the ex-combatants who return to their places of origin shall receive the necessary support from state agencies for their integration into civilian life.

9. The Managua Declaration is hereby ratified in each and every point, with particular emphasis on the provisions in rerpect of the possibility that the resistance may become a political party, thus allowing its full integration into the political life of the country.

10. In compliance with the Toacontin Agreement and its addendum, the resiatance hereby ratifies its undertaking to demobiliae and lay down its armr by 10 June 1990 at the latest.

To that end, the resistance undertakes to demobilize at least 100 combatants each day in each zone as from this date.

Furthermore, in honour of Mother's Day, a considerable number of the combatants of the Nicaraguan resistance shall be demobilized.

DONE at Managua on 30 May 1090.

(Signed) Violeta BARRIOS de CHAMORRO President of tha Republic

(Signed) Israel GALEANO Commander Franklin

(Signed) Miguel OBANDO y BRAVO Cardinal of Nicaragua