Riang Peace Declaration

Country/entity
South Sudan
Region
Africa (excl MENA)
Agreement name
Riang Peace Declaration
Date
5 Mar 2004
Agreement status
Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement
Yes
Agreement/conflict level
Intrastate/local conflict
Stage
Framework/substantive - partial
Conflict nature
Inter-group
Peace process
South Sudan: Pre-secession Local Peace Processes
Parties
Full Name of Participants
Designation
County
Clan

CDR. James Yiech Biet
Commander
LuakPiny
Jikany

CDR. James Kaat Pinyien
LuakPiny
Jikany

A/CDR. Moses Dar Dieng
LuakPiny
Jikany

A/CDR. Gabriel
Nyabiem Juoch
Ulang
Jikany

A/CDR. Peter Gatkuoth Gien
Nyirol
Lou

A/CDR Peter Biel Joak
Akobo
Lou

A/CDR. Gordon Hoth
Nyirol
Lou

Lt. Col. Peter Pal Deng
Ulanq
Jikany

A/CDR Ruach Gatluak
Wang
Jikany

A/CDR Thomas Tut Ruea
Luakpiny
Jikany

Lt. Col. John Ngaknom Lony Wuor
Ulang
Jikany

Major. John Gatyiel Puot
Ulang

Capt. Simon Changach Kueth
Akobo
Lou

Lt. Col.Thomas Tut Puok
Akobo

Capt. James Gatbel Lam
Akobo
Lou

Capt. Peter Biel Jai
Ulang
Jikany

A/CDR. Samuel Gach Hoth
LuakPiny
Jikany

Major Reath Tutlou
Maiwut
Jikany

Capt. William Deng Tongyiek
Ulang
Jikany

Capt. Simon Kailech Joak
Akobo
Lou

1St Lt. John Pur Jal
Akobo
Lou

Capt. Tut Nquoth Riak
Ulang
Jikany

Sgt. Bor Dieng Chotkuac
Ulang
Jikany

John Wiyual Joak
Evangelist
Wun-ror
Lou

Thomas Bol Gatluak
Luakpiny
Jikany


Gordon Gatkuoth Wech
Ulang
Jikany

James Thon Mat
Luakpiny
Jikany

Abel Gatluak Hoth
Elder
Wun-ror
Lou

Joseph Geng Nyoach
Elder
Ulang
Jikany

Rebecca Nyaluak Lual
Deacon
Maiwut
Jikany

Gabriel Bang Lual
Elder
Ulang
Jikany

Mary Nyabiel Gil
Deacon
Ulanq
Jikany

David Buom Muthiang
Elder
LuakPiny
Jikany

Michal Kun Luak
Elder
Ulang
Jikany

Simon Gatluak Geng
Evangelist
Ulang
Jikany

Mathew Chuol Gatwech
Elder
Ulang
Jikany

Peter Chuol Pal
Elder
Ulang
Jikany

Michael Bol Lengdit
Elder
LuakPiny
Jikany

Andrew Gatluak Gatkuoth
Pastor
LuakPiny
Jikany

Rachael NyapamTot
Deacon
Ulang
Jikany

Mathew Rambang Dieu
Elder
Ulang
Jikany

Daniel Ding Gatwech
Rev.
Ulang
Jikany

Simon Ruot Riang
Rev.
Maiwut
Jikany

William Gathuoi Bol
Delegate
Old Fagak
Look

Koang Them Maker
Delegate
Maiwut
Jikany

Stephen Tuach Pal
Delegate
Nyirol
Lou

Koang Luak Hoth
NSYA Rep
Luakpiny
Jikany

Timothy Tut Wan
MERF —Rep.
Wuror

Duop Chan
Elder
Nyirol

James Keat Maluoth
Delegate
Ulang

Peter Gatbel Dobuol
Elder
Ulang

Peter Deng Ruach
Delegate
Ulang

John Koang Ruea
Delegate
Maiwut

Peter Dak Tut
Delegate
Ulang

William Deng Taibor
Delegate
Ulang

Michael Chatiem Puok
Delegate
Nyirol

Peter Pal Gatwech
Delegate
Ulang

John Wiyual Bol
Delegate
Ulang

Peter Chuol Bol
Delegate
Ulang

Wiyual Riek
S/Chief
Wuror

David Gach Deng
Delegate
Maiwut

Thadiath Panyuan Gai
Elder
Ulang

Gatluak Monytap Pal
Delegate
Maiwut

Jacob Ruot Kuyoch
Delegate
Maiwut

John Gach Bayek
H/Chief
Ulang

David Danq Gien
Admin. Officer
LuakPiny

Peter Bol Puot
Teacher
LuakPiny

Joseph Keat Kotah
Youth leader
Akobo



James Yen Kun Reth
Ulang

Simon Gatlak Bech
Ulang

Gatluak Lual Chuol
Maiwut

Wal Kuyoch Riek
Maiwut

Stephen Bang Lual
Ulang

James Thadiath Bol
Delegate
Maiwut

Mathew Toang Reath
H/Chief
Nyirol

Chuol Tiem
S/Chief
Ulang

Kier Puok
Elder
Ulang

Gom Bol
Elder
Ulanq

Liep Kuoth
H/Chief
LuakPiny

Reuben kuot
Ex/Chief
LuakPiny

James Khor Choat
S/chief
Ulang

Donach Chatit
Ex/Chief
Ulang

John Chuol Bath
5/Chief
LuakPiny

Stephen Kuei Mayian
Delegate
Nairobi

Simon Pal Chuol
H/Chief
Ulang

Bol Reath Luang
Elder
Akobo

Majok Dhuor Bang
H/Chief
Akobo

Gatluak Nguoth
S/Chief
Akobo

Majuoch Pan
H/Chief
Akobo

Keak Kon
S/Chief
Akobo

Marko Nyuon Chok
Elder
Nairobi

Peter Wanlau Muon
S/Chief
Ulang

Stephen Leaw Lual
Elder
Ulang

Peter Lam Wal
Ex.H/Chief
Ulang

Both Lual Padiet Jienq
Elder
Ulang

Leaw Long Nhial
Elder
Luakpiny
Jikany

Yen Kuoth Puor
Elder
Lanken
Lou

Gatkuoth Chany Dar
Elder
Luakpiny
Jikany

Peter Mayiel Biel
Elder
Ulanq
Jikany

Wal Banang Malieth
Elder
Ulang
Jikany

Chuol Luak Muong
Elder
Ulang
Jikany

Reath Wech Thijok
H/Chief
Wunror
Lou

Deng Dhuor Lang
Elder
Ulang
Jikany

Teny Bilthiang Nay
Elder
Ulang
Jikany

Lam Liplie Ruel
Elder
Ulang
Jikany

Dugak Tang Dieng
Elder
Ulang
Jikany

Nyang Tut Deng Long
Elder
Ulang
Jikany

Yen Gatbel Nguth
Elder
Ulang

Thomas Hoth Domach
Elder
Ulang

Gatluak 3ok Thoan
Elder
LuakPiny

Dak Lual Lam
Elder
Ulanq

Yen Bior Thieng
Elder
Ulang

William Riek Hoth
H/Chief
LuakPiny

Thuok Lual hiothnyang
H/Chief
Ulang



Gai Ruea Goak
H/Chief
Ulang

Chuol Gai Thoan
Ex H/Chief
Ulang

David Rambang Koryoam
Ex H/Chief
Ulang

Gal Arop Ding
H/Chief
Ballet

John Wiyual Joak
S/Chief
Ulang

Peter How Gach
5/Chief
Ulang

Wal Hoth Dhol
5/Chief
Ulang

Thuoch Bol Ger
H/Man
Ballet

Marial Muonylang Ruea
Elder
Ballet

David Tor Lual
S/Chief
Ulang

Deng Jing Juach
S/Chief
Ulang

Duol Thuok Paduil
S/Chief
Ulang

Gony Deng Nyoak
S/Chief
Ulang

Tut Riek Deng pieny
S/Chief
Ulang

Jok Toang Buop
5/Chief
Ulang

Elizabeth Nyawech Kun
Akobo

Rebecca Chuol Lul
Nyirol

Rhoda Nyakakah
Wunror

Mary Nyaletni Tut
Woman/Assoc
Akobo

Rebecca Nyawech Puok
Akobo

Rebecca Nyaret Puk
Chairlady
Akobo

Elizabeth Nyaborah Bol
W/Assoc
Wunror

Mary Nyayual Long
Deacon
Ulang

Mary Nyadak Deng
Delegate
LuakPiny

Mary Nyawech Ruach
Delegate
Waat

Mary Chuol Whial
W/Assoc
Ballet

Elizabeth Nyakoka Thech
W/Assoc
LuakPiny

Mary Nyayang Lam
W/Assoc
LuakPiny

Sarah Nyaleak Long
W/Assoc
LuakPiny

Elizabeth Chuol Riek
W/ Assoc
Luak Piny
Jikany

Sarah Buok Riekah
W/Assoc
LuakPiny
Jikany

Sarah Nyajal Kueruach
W/Assoc
LuakPiny
Jikany

Rebecca Nyagony
W/Assoc
Ballet
Dinka — Ngok

Rebecca Nyabiel Bol
W/Assoc
Ballet
Dinka - Ngok

Nyajeng Bol Khan
W/Assoc
Ballet
Dinka — Ngok

Mary Nya Yuol Chuol
W/ Assoc
Ballet
Dinka — Ngok

Sarah Nyatiek Kier Thoan
W/Assoc
Maiwut
Jikany

Nyalam Wali
W/Assoc
Ballet
Dinka — Ngok

Rebecca NyaPal Nhial
W/Assoc
LuakPiny
Jikany

Mary Nyawal Kun
W/Assoc
LuakPiny
Jikany

Rebecca Nyalual Chalar
W/Assoc
LuakPiny
Jikany

Elizabeth Nyantit Bangich
Chairlady
LuakPiny
Jikany

Mary Nyakong Gatjiok
W/Assoc
LuakPiny
Jikany

Nyalual Buom
W/Assoc
LuakPiny
Jikany

Buok Pal
W/Assoc
LuakPiny
Jikany

Nya Kang Juach
W/Assoc
LuakPiny
Jikany

Rebecca Nya Dut Cham Jok
W/Assoc
LuakPiny
Jikany

Rebecca Nyamut Jock
W/Assoc
LuakPiny
Jikany

Nyachega Malieth
W/ Assoc
LuakPiny
Jikany

Nyaluak Tutdeal
W/Assoc
LuakPiny

Nyawuor Biel
W/Assoc
LuakPiny

Nyahoth Reath
W/Assoc
LuakPiny
Jikany

Mary Nyayang Doleak
TBA
Ballet
Dinka - Ngor

Nyawech Chang
W/Assoc
LuakPiny
Jikany

Mary Nyapuka Chang
Chairlady
Ulang

Nyabel Kuach
W/Assoc
LuakPiny

Jikany
Sarah Nyayang Ruea
W/ Assoc
LuakPiny
Jikany

Nyabiel Yiek
W/Assoc
LuakPiny
Jikany

Nyawic Guoda
W/Assoc
LuakPiny
Jikany

Nyachade Maluoth
S/Chief
Ulang
Jikany

Sarah Nyanlieth Guek
Ulang
Jikany

Nyantut Wal
W/Assoc
Ulang
Jikany

Nyatekah Thong
W/Assoc
Ulang

Nyadut Deng
W/Assoc
Ulang
Jikany

Nyadang Chan
W/Assoc
Ulang
Jikany

Nyalam Nhial
W/Assoc
Ulang
Jikany

Mary Nyakong Chuol
W/Assoc
LuakPiny

Nyaruai Manyoang
W/Assoc
Ulang
Jikany

Buok Chang
W/Assoc
Ulang
Jikany

Nyayiel Thok
W/Assoc
Ulang
Jikany

Nyalam Dhial
W/Assoc
Ulang
ikany

Mary Nyagony Ruot
W/Assoc
Ulang
Jikany

Nyandeng Damac
W/Assoc
Ulang
Jikany

Nyawal Thian
W/Assoc
Ulang
Jikany

Nya JuainiChany
W/Assoc

Nya Kuoth Lual
W/Assoc

Moses Majok Gatluak Thoa
Delegate& Co- chairman
Nairobi
Wuror

Moses Gai Buom
Delegates& Co- chairman
Nairobi

John Top Lam
NSYA
Nairobi

Cdr. Gordon Banak Thoan
Ulang County Sec.
Ulang

Peter Reath Hoth
SRRC Sec.
Bimbim

Stephen Thow Chol
Administrator
Wuror Payam


Jacob Ruon Miny-Jang
Administrator
Nyirol

Nhial Puoch Jaak
Administrator
Ulang Payam

John Kuol Duot
Exe. Director
Sobat

Mayik Ding Agoth
Ass. Director
Sobat

A/CDR John Chuol
Exe. Director
Ulang

A/CDR Simon Lual Tut
Payam Sec.
Luak Piny

Stephen Bangot Jany
Exe. Director
Wuror

CDR.John Joak Gai Bipal
County Sec.
Nyirol

CDR. John Wiyual Chol
County Sec.
Maiwut

Capt. Gordon Nyoat Ruot
Exe. Director
Akabo

1st Lt. Samuel Guek Makuach
Public security
Ulang

A/CDR. Peter Toang Kuajien
Exe. Director
LuakPiny

Koang Puok Diew
Nuer Youth Chairman
Akobo/Delegate

PeterGatwech Thor
Commissioner
LuakPiny

John Woyok Gatkuoth
High Court Nbi/ Kakuma
Phow State

Puot Top Reihok
NBI. delegate
Ayod

John Mayiel Tiek
NBI. delegate
Ayod

David Wat Puot
NBI. delegate
LuakPiny

John Chuol Ninkel
NBI. Delegate
LuakPiny

Rev. James Dau Mayiik
Pastor
Sobat

Deng Majak Awuol
ACHA Delegate
Sobat

Thomas Duoth Bichok
Elder
Ulang

Peter Duoth Ruea
Church elder
Ulanq

Rebecca Nyanyak Wal
W/Assoc.
NBI

Mary Nyachin Kong
W/Assoc.
NBI.

Mary Nyayual Ker
W/Assoc.
NBI.
Jikany

Biel Gatwech Ngueng
H/Chief LuakPiny
LuakPiny
Jikany

Gatluak Lul Chuol
Youth
Maiwut

John Wicyual Mast
H/Chief
LuakPiny

Chuol Thok Dor
H/ Chief
LuakPiny

Maratha Nyaqun Dor
Deacon
Ulang

Bang Mut Bichiok
B/ Chief
Ulang

Simon Gatdet Gien
Evangelist
Ulang

Rebecca Nyanchar Kueth
W/Assoc
Ulang

Nyapal Lual Murow
W/Assoc
LuakPiny

Nyanlang Dhong Dolow
W/Assoc
LuakPiny

Nyuon Kueth Kuon
Elder
Ulang

Koang Giel Bol
1st Lt.
Ulang

Mary Nyanter Deng
W/ Assoc.
LuakPiny

Dhuol Muon Buay
H/Chief
Akobo

David Dak Dhuol
1st Lt.
Akobo

William Joang Yar
HW
Ulang

Gatwech Jock Por
H/Chief
Ulang

Martha Bhan Luot

Panyuan Wan Deng
Elder

Gueywang Gatbel Thowaat
Elder
Ulang

Biel Patditt Monydhot

Tabitha Nyakony Puok
W/Assoc.
Ulang

Nyatapa Gatluak Patdoch
W/Assoc.
Ulang

Nyayual Chuol Ranlay
W/Assoc.
LuakPiny

Simon Kuon Pal

Kuon Pal Kerjiok
Elder
Ulang

Toang Mawar Nyuar
Elder

Lingpiny Way Tey

Peter Kuany Wol
Elder
Ulang

Panom Bol Chuol'
S/Chief
Ulang

Thor Lam Lul

Sarah Nyantor Banak
W/Assoc.
Ulang

Simon Malual Mut

Pweter Gatkuoth Kuon
Ulang

Rebecca Nyalang Both
W/Assoc.
Ulang

Rolla Nyalam Chuol
W/Assoc
Ulang

Elizebeth Tochdul Bangot
W/Assoc.
Ulang

Chuol Muon Ruach
S/Chief
Akobo

James Riek Chuol
Youth
Akobo

Simon Lual Yiech
Youth
LuakPiny

Gatluok Joak Thoang
Elder
LuakPiny

Thok Kuarbang Riek
Youth
LuakPiny

Stephen Tut Leaw
Youth
LuakPiny

Peter Bol Ruach
Elder
Ulang

Sarah Nyariek Thong
W/Assoc.
Maiwut

Elizabeth Nyariek Thong
W/Assoc
Ulang

Sarah Nyakier Ruach
W/Assoc
Ulang

Mary Nyayual Puol
W/Assoc
Ulang

David Yen Muon
Majak
Ulang

Mary Nyayual Wol
W/Assoc
Ulang

Rebecca Nyatet Lul
Deacon
Ulang

Nyaret Kun Riang
T.B.A
Ulang

Mary Nyayual Nyang
T.B.A
Ulang

Teny Char Duop
W/Assoc.
Ulang

Sarah Nyapuoka Puol
W/Assoc.
Ulang

Nyantiac Jock Chany
W/Assoc.
Ulang

Mary Nyalual Majiok
W/Assoc.
Ulang

Mary Nyakor Lam
W/Assoc
Ulang

Michael Jock Kong
Evangelist
Ulang

Nyareng Bukjiok Lul
W/Assoc.
Ulang

Nyamach Put Chak
W/Assoc
Ulang

Daniel Nyien Ker
B.T co.
Ulanq

Micheal Gatbel Lul
Youth
Ulang

Chuol Ruach Wuin
P.Supper
Ulang

Simon Lual Kuon
Evangelist
Ulang

John Wal Gatkuoth
Chief
Ulang

Reath Jiach Luony
Elder
Ulang

Peter Ret Thok
Panyam
Maiwut

Chuol Chak Row
Elder
Ulang

Peter Chang Kotha
Payam/Sec
LuakPiny

Koang Panom Chuol
Youth
LuakPiny

Chuol Gai Duach
Elder
Maiwut

Gatluk Nguth Kuon
S/Chief
Ulang

Rebecca Nyapul Deng
W/Assoc.
Ulang

Gatwech Gai Biey
Elder
Ulanq

Wan Riek Deng
Payam
Ulang

Reat Liey Gai
Elder
Ulang

Nyabiel Tut Biyay
W/Assoc
Ulang

John Gatkek Chuol
Youth
NBI Delegate.

Peter Puoch Ruach
Youth
Ulang

Gabriel Gatluak Kun
NBI Delegate
LuakPiny

Rebecca Nyanchar Kueth
W/Assoc.
Ulang

Mary Nyatet Deng
W/Assoc.
Ulang

Peter Gatkuoth Dach
Soldier
Ulang

Jacob Nhial Kuon Reth
Youth
Ulang

James Puor Tap
Evangelist.
Ulang

James Gatluak Yiech
Solider
Ulang

Reath Kuei Chuol Reth
Youth
Ulang

Sarah Nyawach Loany
W/assoc
Ulang

Nyaluak Loang Deng
W/Assoc.
Ulang

Rebecca Chuol Char
W/Assoc.
Ulang

Nyatet Chuol Chany
W/Assoc.
Ulang

Nyayiela Gatwech Gai
W/Assoc.
Ulang

Nyanjok Chuol Ker
Youth
Ulang

Jock Malieth Thiec
Elder
Ulang

Doyak Chuol Thony
Elder
Ulang

Gatdet Ruot Diew
Elder
Ulang

Char Deng Turuk
Elder
Ulang
Third parties
-
Description
A dialogue conference between Jikany and Lou communities across the Upper nile region. The agreement involves presentations of local grievances by delegation members followed by sets of solutions on each key issue agreed on by communities, namely; governance, water access and grazing, Government of Sudan relationship with militia groups, cattle rustling issues and provisions to address drought and famine as well as overall development needs. The agreement encourages inter-community coordination on disarming and mutual understanding of key local peace issues and the need for local governance and monitoring of implementation efforts.

Local agreement properties

Process type
Formal structured process
Rationale
The conference seems to follow a pattern or tradition of inter community gatherings for communities and clans in conflict aimed at reaching inter clan understanding between Lou and Jikany communities and more broadly, ending inter and intra clan violence in the wider upper nile region. The conference is structured with a clear aims of ending intra/inter clan conflicts and with clear timings and delegations representing key communities and clans involved in the conflict. For the conference in Riang, there was also substantial support from the international NGO ACHA and backing by local community and religious figures.
Is there a documented link to a national peace process?
No
Link to national process: articulated rationale
No clearly articulated link to the national process in the text. This is a local and sub-local inter community agreement focusing on inter clan conflict between Lou and Jikany communities across a number of counties. The aims of the conference do involve ending ongoing intra ethnic conflict within the Nuer community in South Sudan. The conference also involves military and political factions such as the SPLA/M, SSLM and regional level governors for upper nile region, however research does not indicate a clear link to the national level process.
Name of Locale
Akobo
Nature of Locale
Region
GPS Lat/Long (DD)
7.774875, 32.999127
Participant type
Local armed group
Domestic religious organisation/leader or other elder
Local community/civilian group(s)/civil society organisations
Regional state actor
Mediator, facilitator or similar
Mediator or similar referred to
Mediator (references)
Page 4, 1.1 Executive Summary, ... The conference was made possible from the support of ACHA partners, which provided the required resources. On its part, African Centre for Human Advocacy/ Humanitarian Action (ACHA) did the mobilization of resources from partners and facilitation of the conference. Page 8, 2.3 Institutional Statement, The Africa Center for Human Advocacy is a non-governmental, non-profit making and independent organization... The aim and vision of the organization is to cater for humanitarian assistance and advocate for peace and human rights throughout the African continent.
Type of mediator/facilitator/similar
International or transnational actor

Local issues

Ritual/prayer and process (including use of scripture)
Page 3, Acknowledgement and Appreciation:
... Last but not least, we appreciate the participation of all the delegates some of whom travelled long distances to attend the conference. May God bless you all as you work hard to intervene in this long journey towards a peaceful Southern Sudan and in particular towards Jikany/Lou harmony.

Page 14, 3.2: Plenary Session, Day Two

...

Stephen Leaw Lual Marrow (Jikany Elder) — ... He also asked Jikany and Lou to share the resources harmoniously without necessarily resorting to violence because these were God given resources.

Page 17, 3.2: Plenary Session, Day Two

... Day Two Pastor David Ding Gatwech (Jikany Church PCOS —Yomding Parish) — He said that the church is no longer a respected institution as it used to be sometimes back because church leaders involve in politics that lead to manipulation and biasness in the cause of their church duties. He called upon people to forget about their past and commit themselves to building peace through prayers and addressing the real issues that affect the people at large. He challenged fellow church leaders to stick to the work of God than indulging in politics that divided people along ethnic lines.

Page 23, 3.3:Group Discussions, 3.3.2 Suggested Solutions,
8. Mistrust/Attitudes/beliefs
...
- Inculcation of a culture of prayer, love and faith in God to restore hope and humanity at all levels.
Grievance List
Page 12, 3.2: Plenary Session,

Cdr. John Jock Gai (Commissioner of Nyirol County) — the cause of the current problem is due to ineffective administration at the community level . There are many units operating under the name of the Movement but coordination is lacking. At the community level, Lou as a clan felt they have been insulted and abused by their neighbors which include; Jikany, Dinka, Gawar, Murle and Anyuak...

Page 13, 3.2: Plenary Session,

Cdr. Gordon Banak Thoan (Commissioner of Ulang County) — The major cause of the conflict is uncontrolled and uncoordinated governance though problems that characterized Jikany/Lou conflict are so diverse. Ulang in particular has been hard hit by the conflict. The effect of the conflict is devastating; people are displaced from one point to the other; Baliet, Maiwut, Luakpiny and Lou areas. There is rampage looting of property, cattle rustling and killing. The rustled cattle are exchanged between criminals living between the two clans...
...
ACdr. Gordon Nyoat Rut (Executive Director of Akobo County) — Lou people are faced with water problem. He requested the Jikany to find a way of allowing Lou use the water during dry season. He complained about the Lou criminals who are hosted and protected by Jikany and constantly attack and loot the Lou property. He said that Jikany must be ready to identify and denounce such criminals.

Page 14, 3.2: Plenary Session,

Cdr. John Wiyual Chol (Commissioner of Maiwut County) — ... While people who could be future leaders and movers of development are murdered, Nuer community as a whole would continue to suffer since they would be nowhere in leadership positions should peace prevail in south Sudan. He emphasized that some of the problems facing the two clans are brought about by greedy politicians who take advantage to enrich themselves at the expense of our ignorant people...
...
John Kuol Duot (Baliet Executive Director, Sobat County) — the most contentious issues are cattle rustling and illegal arms in the hands of civilians. Most people live very peacefully a part from criminals who steal other people's cattle. The act of hooliganism must be stopped if peace is to be achieved between Jikany and Lou communities.

Page 14, 3.2: Plenary Session, Day Two

Peter Wal Banang Malieth — (7ikany Elder) — ... The delegates must be aware that Jikany/Lou problem is not caused by hindrance in accessibility to water points but the differences in the Movement's leadership and interference by Sudan government. This has degenerated in unbearable lawlessness and disorder at local level. The effects of violent actions have been felt by Jikany hosting some Lou, as the guests not only fail to appreciate but instead turn hostile to Jikany hosts.

Stephen Leaw Lual Marrow (Jikany Elder) — ... The two contentious issues of water and repatriation of Lou people living within Jikany area must be spelt out properly. He asked Jikany to find a way of reintegrating the Lou currently settling in Jikany area rather than sending them away. He also asked Jikany and Lou to share the resources harmoniously without necessarily resorting to violence because these were God given resources.

Page 15, 3.2: Plenary Session, Day Two

... Yien Kuoth Puor — (Lou Elder) — the main problem between Jikany and Lou is cattle rustling, which is caused by Cie Donujaak and cie-Yat (Lou sub-clans) who migrated to Jikany territory after killing people from Lou area last year 2003. They cause all manners of problems and for us to live harmoniously; there must be a way of ending their actions. We must work hard to ensure that the authority apprehend and deal with these criminals. These two sub-clans from Lou use to return back to Lou areas occasionally and steal their cattle while residing in Jikany territory for protection.

Matthew Rambang Diew — (Jikany Elder) — The issue of theft and looting is as a result of uncontrolled use of fire-arms. Many people have been trained as soldiers but no proper control mechanism put in place to check how all of them are operating. That he said had resulted in people killing one another mercilessly even from slightest provocation...

Page 16, 3.2: Plenary Session, Day Two

Elizabeth Nyawech Kuon (Lou Women Representative) — Women and children according to her were the major victims of insurgence in the Jikany/Lou communities and South Sudan in general. Women no longer enjoy their marriages as their husbands are killed at early ages of their marriages. The conflict has also reduced the birth rate and increased death rate among the Jikany and Lou communities. However, women also contribute a lot because they support and encourage men to steal cows in order to pay large dowries. He challenged women to stand up and denounce violence and start playing a bigger role in peace process. She asked organizations like ACHA to empower women to participate in peace and development activities.

Mary Nyabiel Cuil (Jikany Women Representative) — She also shares the same idea that women were the major victims. Despite the inter marriages; men still consider each other as brothers. Women are traumatized to witness their husbands and children being killed like animals. Widows are left with unbearable responsibility of taking care of orphans yet there are no basic services in the areas. Internal displacements of people have left women exposed to all manner of humiliations and violations. Women have been left without rights or voice.

Rebecca Nyawech Puk (Lou Women representative) — She said that the problem of Lou and Jikany was cattle rustling. She blamed Jikany for killing their husbands and children to the extent that many people are now opting to join Sudan government or go in exile as refugees in Ethiopia.

Sarah Nyaleak Long (Jikany Women of Pibor/Wanding) — people have suffered to the extreme. The conflict between Jikany and Lou cannot even be compared to Lou/Murle, which resulted to massacres. The effect of Jikany /Lou conflict has impacted more on women than any other section of the population. Children, elderly people and handicapped are also hard hit.

Page 17, 3.2: Plenary Session, Day Two

Roda Nyakoach — (Lou Women Representative—Uror) — ... The Lou constantly instigates young people to rob and terrorize other communities. If peace is to be obtained the Lou must admit and prepare to change their way of interacting with other communities.

Mary Nyapuka Chang — Ulang Women Group — said that theft and robbery could not stop because soldiers are not united. He blamed men for their suffering. Some Movement's soldiers have been defecting consistently to the Sudan government and later rejoined the SPLA again after sometime that cause confusion and misunderstanding. Since the military is patriarchal in composition, women's views and opinions are not considered at any level of decision-making...

Pastor David Ding Gatwech (Jikany Church PCOS —Yomding Parish) —He said that the church is no longer a respected institution as it used to be sometimes back because church leaders involve in politics that lead to manipulation and biasness in the cause of their church duties. He called upon people to forget about their past and commit themselves to building peace through prayers and addressing the real issues that affect the people at large. He challenged fellow church leaders to stick to the work of God than indulging in politics that divided people along ethnic lines.

Page 18, 3.2: Plenary Session, Day Two

Rev . James Dau (Ngok Dinka of Ballet/ Sobat County) — ... The elderly people and youth alike should directly be blamed for the damages Jikany/ Lou conflict has caused for such conflict knew no age or clan. Fathers had participated in providing arms to their children to use them during their robbery missions...

Rebecca Nyaluak Lual (Deaconess, Nairobi Delegate) — ... the impact of Jikany/Lou conflict is devastating not only to the larger communities but also to the basic units of the society that is families. She said, many of the Nuer men resort to beat and assault their wives out of frustration and humiliation they get once their opponents defeat them in the battle-fields. Women are subjected to double suffering under patriarchal leadership. ... She revealed that life as a refugee is very hard contrary to people's expectation. She blamed Nuer living in Kakuma for not taking the opportunity to go to school like other communities.

Page 19, 3.3:Group Discussions, 3.3.1 Root Cause of Conflict in Upper Nile,
...
1. Ineffective governance and leadership that has degenerated lawlessness and disorder.
2. Problems arising from accessing the water points and grazing land along the river bank.
3. Government interference and support to militia groups.
4. Severe drought that resulted to famine and abject poverty among the community.
5. Cattle rustling and looting of property.
6. Ignorance and illiteracy within the region.
7. Mistrust, attitudes and beliefs among the people of both clans.

Page 21, 3.3:Group Discussions, 3.3.2 Suggested Solutions,
...
3. GOS and Militia groups
- Distribution of fire arms to civilian and support to militia groups by the government should stop or be a subject of debate at the on going peace talks in Kenya.
- Mounting anti-arms/ammunition distribution campaign to appeal to the UN and relevant bodies to intervene in discouraging the government from issuing arms to civilian .
Cattle rustling/banditry
Page 13, 3.2 Plenary Session,
... Cdr. Gordon Banak Thoan (Commissioner of Ulang County) — ... There is rampage looting of property, cattle rustling and killing. The rustled cattle are exchanged between criminals living between the two clans...

Page 14, 3.2: Plenary Session,
... John Kuol Duot (Baliet Executive Director, Sobat County) — the most contentious issues are cattle rustling and illegal arms in the hands of civilians. Most people live very peacefully a part from criminals who steal other people's cattle. The act of hooliganism must be stopped if peace is to be achieved between Jikany and Lou communities.

Page 15, 3.2: Plenary Session, Day Two

... Yien Kuoth Puor — (Lou Elder) — the main problem between Jikany and Lou is cattle rustling, which is caused by Cie Donujaak and cie-Yat (Lou sub-clans) who migrated to Jikany territory after killing people from Lou area last year 2003. They cause all manners of problems and for us to live harmoniously; there must be a way of ending their actions. We must work hard to ensure that the authority apprehend and deal with these criminals. These two sub-clans from Lou use to return back to Lou areas occasionally and steal their cattle while residing in Jikany territory for protection.

Page 16, 3.2: Plenary Session, Day Two

Elizabeth Nyawech Kuon (Lou Women Representative) — ... women also contribute a lot because they support and encourage men to steal cows in order to pay large dowries. He challenged women to stand up and denounce violence and start playing a bigger role in peace process. She asked organizations like ACHA to empower women to participate in peace and development activities.
...
Rebecca Nyawech Puk (Lou Women representative) — She said that the problem of Lou and Jikany was cattle rustling. She blamed Jikany for killing their husbands and children to the extent that many people are now opting to join Sudan government or go in exile as refugees in Ethiopia.

Page 19, 3.3:Group Discussions, 3.3.1 Root Cause of Conflict in Upper Nile,
...
5. Cattle rustling and looting of property.

Page 22, 3.3:Group Discussions, 3.3.2 Suggested Solutions,
...
5. Cattle rustling and looting of property
- Organize joint military (SPLA/M) interventions or operations in cattle rustling areas .
- Arrest and put under trial (tribunal court) those militia or leaders that support and perpetuate conflict and other criminal activities in the region .
- SPLA/M should work hard to recover stolen cattle and return to the owners while offenders are punished .
- The Lou and Jikany communities should find other alternative means of livelihood instead of depending solely on cattle, which has become the major source of conflict.
- Movement of cattle from one community or point to the other should be sanctioned by the relevant authority.
Social cover
Page 13, 3.2: Plenary Session,
...

ACdr. Gordon Nyoat Rut (Executive Director of Akobo County) — ... He complained about the Lou criminals who are hosted and protected by Jikany and constantly attack and loot the Lou property. He said that Jikany must be ready to identify and denounce such criminals.

p.3

1.0 Acknowledgment and Appreciation

The Africa Center for Human Advocacy — ACHA would like to express its appreciation to partners, conference management team and all delegates who supported and worked tirelessly to ensure the success of Riang Peace Conference.

ACHA is so grateful to the donors who extended both financial and material support to the conference.

First appreciation goes to Pact Kenya (Sudan Peace Funds), British High Commission, Norwegian Peoples' Aid and Norwegian Church Aid for their invaluable assistance.

ACHA would like to thank Cdr.

John Kong Nyuon for finding time to travel to Riang to grace the conference.

His presence and participation not only played a very important role in the whole conference period but also signified SPLA/M efforts towards building peace in Nuer land.

ACHA's appreciation also goes to members of the conference management team, facilitators, co-chairs, rapporteurs and others without whom the conference could not have been a success.

Last but not least, we appreciate the participation of all the delegates some of whom travelled long distances to attend the conference.

May God bless you all as you work hard to intervene in this long journey towards a peaceful Southern Sudan and in particular towards Jikany/Lou harmony.

p. 7

2.1 Conference Objectives

The main objective of the conference was to create a forum for Lou/Jikany dialogue that could lead to unity, common understanding and harmonious co-existence.

In particular, the objectives were:

To resolve the differences and bring a common understanding between the 3ikany and Lou clans of Nuer community of Sudan, including those in the diaspora.

To bring to an end the destructive internal hostility between and among the Nuer community.

To promote peace and resolve inter-clan conflicts among the Nuer Community.

To promote understanding and appreciation of the importance of peace, human rights observance, fairness and justice between and among Nuer clans.

To facilitate the emergence of sustainable and broad-based community level forum to strengthen advocacy for peace in Upper Nile Region.

p. 12 – 18

3.2 Plenary Session

One of the major objectives of the conference was to give the delegates sufficient and humble time as much as possible to air and share their grievances and experiences, true stories and to suggest possible solutions to the conflict.

The two-day plenary discussions provided opportunity and platform for all delegates to share relevant information and reflection about the conflict.

The plenary was chaired by two co-chairpersons Mr. Moses Gai Bourn and Majok Gathuak Thou from Jikany and Lou respectively.

The facilitators provided technical guidelines that ensured an all-inclusive participation of all delegates.

The delegates comprised (Commissioners, SRRC officials, Head and Executive chiefs from Lou and Jikany Clans), representatives from Military and top Commanders, Youth and Women organizations and Religious Institutions.

The following are some of the key summary remarks made by some delegates and leaders during the plenary discussions.

Due to the big number of delegates, we could not capture all the remarks made by each of them.

• Cdr.

John Jock Gai (Commissioner of Nyirol County) — the cause of the current problem is due to ineffective administration at the community level.

There are many units operating under the name of the Movement but coordination is lacking.

At the community level, Lou as a clan felt they have been insulted and abused by their neighbors which include;

Jikany, Dinka, Gawar, Murle and Anyuak.

However, the Lou as a community has decided to co-exist with other communities.

The solution to the ongoing conflict would be to empower and educate people to avoid politicians who are bent on dividing the people along ethnic lines.

• Cdr.

Gordon Banak Thoan (Commissioner of Ulang County) — The major cause of the conflict is uncontrolled and uncoordinated governance though problems that characterized Jikany/Lou conflict are so diverse.

Ulang in particular has been hard hit by the conflict.

The effect of the conflict is devastating;

people are displaced from one point to the other;

Baliet, Maiwut, Luakpiny and Lou areas.

There is rampage looting of property, cattle rustling and killing.

The rustled cattle are exchanged between criminals living between the two clans.

There are many conferences and workshops held to bring peace but still things have not worked well.

The way forward would be to put effective measures to curb looting and cattle rustling between the two clans and also streamline community leadership structures.

• ACdr.

Gordon Nyoat Rut (Executive Director of Akobo County) — Lou people are faced with water problem.

He requested the Jikany to find a way of allowing Lou use the water during dry season.

He complained about the Lou criminals who are hosted and protected by Jikany and constantly attack and loot the Lou property.

He said that Jikany must be ready to identify and denounce such criminals.

He asked delegates from both sides of the divide to accept their past mistakes and find a peaceful solution to their problems without necessarily resorting to violence.

• Cdr.

John Wiyual Chol (Commissioner of Maiwut County) — the conflict has caused a lot of suffering to the people.

While people who could be future leaders and movers of development are murdered, Nuer community as a whole would continue to suffer since they would be nowhere in leadership positions should peace prevail in south Sudan.

He emphasized that some of the problems facing the two clans are brought about by greedy politicians who take advantage to enrich themselves at the expense of our ignorant people.

We must stop this kind of behavior.

• John Kuol Duot (Baliet Executive Director, Sobat County) — the most contentious issues are cattle rustling and illegal arms in the hands of civilians.

Most people live very peacefully a part from criminals who steal other people's cattle.

The act of hooliganism must be stopped if peace is to be achieved between Jikany and Lou communities.

Darrwo

• Peter Wal Banang Malieth — (7ikany Elder) — There have been many meetings in several places in the area about peace.

But those meeting have been marred by accusation, counter accusations and petty community politics.

Riang Peace Conference stood a better option looking at how it was organized and conducted.

The delegates must be aware that Jikany/Lou problem is not caused by hindrance in accessibility to water points but the differences in the Movement's leadership and interference by Sudan government.

This has degenerated in unbearable lawlessness and disorder at local level.

The effects of violent actions have been felt by Jikany hosting some Lou, as the guests not only fail to appreciate but instead turn hostile to Jikany hosts.

• Stephen Leaw Lual Marrow (Jikany Elder) — He said that the time to blame each other about what had happened was over and asked delegates to concentrate on the solutions to the problems facing their communities since many ugly things had happened and both communities had lost a lot.

The two contentious issues of water and repatriation of Lou people living within Jikany area must be spelt out properly.

He asked Jikany to find a way of reintegrating the Lou currently settling in Jikany area rather than sending them away.

He also asked Jikany and Lou to share the resources harmoniously without necessarily resorting to violence because these were God given resources.

• Yien Kuoth Puor — (Lou Elder) — the main problem between Jikany and Lou is cattle rustling, which is caused by Cie Donujaak and cie-Yat (Lou sub-clans) who migrated to Jikany territory after killing people from Lou area last year 2003.

They cause all manners of problems and for us to live harmoniously;

there must be a way of ending their actions.

We must work hard to ensure that the authority apprehend and deal with these criminals.

These two sub-clans from Lou use to return back to Lou areas occasionally and steal their cattle while residing in Jikany territory for protection.

• Matthew Rambang Diew — (Jikany Elder) — The issue of theft and looting is as a result of uncontrolled use of fire-arms.

Many people have been trained as soldiers but no proper control mechanism put in place to check how all of them are operating.

That he said had resulted in people killing one another mercilessly even from slightest provocation.

He urged delegates to go out not only to inform people but also practice the outcome of the conference.

• Elizabeth Nyawech Kuon (Lou Women Representative) — Women and children according to her were the major victims of insurgence in the Jikany/Lou communities and South Sudan in general.

Women no longer enjoy their marriages as their husbands are killed at early ages of their marriages.

The conflict has also reduced the birth rate and increased death rate among the Jikany and Lou communities.

However, women also contribute a lot because they support and encourage men to steal cows in order to pay large dowries.

He challenged women to stand up and denounce violence and start playing a bigger role in peace process.

She asked organizations like ACHA to empower women to participate in peace and development activities.

• Mary Nyabiel Cuil (Jikany Women Representative) — She also shares the same idea that women were the major victims.

Despite the inter marriages;

men still consider each other as brothers.

Women are traumatized to witness their husbands and children being killed like animals.

Widows are left with unbearable responsibility of taking care of orphans yet there are no basic services in the areas.

Internal displacements of people have left women exposed to all manner of humiliations and violations.

Women have been left without rights or voice.

• Rebecca Nyawech Puk (Lou Women representative) — She said that the problem of Lou and Jikany was cattle rustling.

She blamed Jikany for killing their husbands and children to the extent that many people are now opting to join Sudan government or go in exile as refugees in Ethiopia.

• Sarah Nyaleak Long (Jikany Women of Pibor/Wanding) — people have suffered to the extreme.

The conflict between Jikany and Lou cannot even be compared to Lou/Murle, which resulted to massacres.

The effect of Jikany/Lou conflict has impacted more on women than any other section of the population.

Children, elderly people and handicapped are also hard hit.

• Roda Nyakoach — (Lou Women Representative—Uror) — Blamed Lou for all the problems facing the communities because of their relationship with their neighboring communities.

The Lou constantly instigates young people to rob and terrorize other communities.

If peace is to be obtained the Lou must admit and prepare to change their way of interacting with other communities.

• Mary Nyapuka Chang — Ulang Women Group — said that theft and robbery could not stop because soldiers are not united.

He blamed men for their suffering.

Some Movement's soldiers have been defecting consistently to the Sudan government and later rejoined the SPLA again after sometime that cause confusion and misunderstanding.

Since the military is patriarchal in composition, women's views and opinions are not considered at any level of decision-making.

A proper system needs to be put in place by the Movement in order to stop such confusion in the future.

• Pastor David Ding Gatwech (Jikany Church PCOS —Yomding Parish) —He said that the church is no longer a respected institution as it used to be sometimes back because church leaders involve in politics that lead to manipulation and biasness in the cause of their church duties.

He called upon people to forget about their past and commit themselves to building peace through prayers and addressing the real issues that affect the people at large.

He challenged fellow church leaders to stick to the work of God than indulging in politics that divided people along ethnic lines.

• Rev. James Dau (Ngok Dinka of Ballet/ Sobat County) — Challenged the delegates to be honest in whatever they said because people were tired with empty talks and conferences.

The elderly people and youth alike should directly be blamed for the damages ]ikany/ Lou conflict has caused for such conflict knew no age or clan.

Fathers had participated in providing arms to their children to use them during their robbery missions.

He said the truth must be told and that truth shall set people free.

• Rebecca Nyaluak Lual (Deaconess, Nairobi Delegate) — She brought a new observation to the conference that the impact of Jikany/Lou conflict is devastating not only to the larger communities but also to the basic units of the society that is families.

She said, many of the Nuer men resort to beat and assault their wives out of frustration and humiliation they get once their opponents defeat them in the battle-fields.

Women are subjected to double suffering under patriarchal leadership.

She asked Leaders especially men to read the signs of change in the world and make rightful decision.

She revealed that life as a refugee is very hard countrary to people's expectation.

She blamed Nuer living in Kakuma for not taking the opportunity to go to school like other communities.

p.

3.3.1 Root Cause of Conflict in Upper Nile

From all group presentations the following issues were identified as the major causes of conflict between Jikany and Lou (cross cutting).

Ineffective governance and leadership that has degenerated lawlessness and disorder.

Problems arising from accessing the water points and grazing land along the river bank.

Government interference and support to militia groups.

Severe drought that resulted to famine and abject poverty among the community.

Cattle rustling and looting of property.

Ignorance and illiteracy within the region.

Mistrust, attitudes and beliefs among the people of both clans.

Below is a table showing how each group identified the root causes:

Causes identified

Group scores

G1

G2

G3

G4

G5

G6A

G6B

Ineffective governance

•

•

•

•

•

•

Access to Water point and grazing land

•

•

•

•

•

GOS/Militia

•

•

•

•

•

•

Drought/Famin e/pove rty

•

•

•

•

•

Cattle rustling/Looting

•

•

•

•

•

Ignorance and illiteracy

•

•

•

•

•

•

Mistrust/Beliefs/attitudes

•

•

•

•

•

•

Mistrust/Altitudes/Beliefs:

Tribalism, clanism, Stereotypes, abusive language.

Governance:

Political differences, ineffective administrative structure, crime, ineffective leadership in the SPLIWA, lack of traditional systems of governance etc.

3.3.2 Suggested Solutions

1. Governance

• Establishment of SPLA/M effective governing structure and systems from grassroots to regional level.

• Development of sound governance policy guidelines to address issues affecting people in South Sudan.

• Restoration of law and order in all liberated regions by establishing police department and justice system.

• Plan and undertake disarmament programs or mount initiative to get rid of illegal arms in the hand of civilian and militia groups.

Deployment of SPLA/M soldiers in major disputed and conflict prone areas to monitor and prevent emerging conflicts.

Deployment of SPLA/M soldiers to work out of their own communities to enhance transparency and accountability among the soldiers.

Clear demarcation of clan and administrative boundaries.

Lobby SPLA/M leaders to endorse Riang Peace Resolutions.

2. Water Points and grazing land

Provision of irrigation systems and dams to enable people start farming activities.

Drilling of water wells and boreholes for both Jikany and Lou clans in the disputed areas.

Deployment of SPLA/M soldiers along water points to monitor and prevent occurrence of violent conflicts.

Initiation of re-settlement programme (policy) for Lou and Jikany people who are willing to go back to their land.

3. GOS and Militia groups

Distribution of fire arms to civilian and support to militia groups by the government should stop or be a subject of debate at the on going peace talks in Kenya.

Mounting anti-arms/ammunition distribution campaign to appeal to the UN and relevant bodies to intervene in discouraging the government from issuing arms to civilian.

Extension of amnesty and commencement of rehabilitation and reintegration programme for former SPLA/M who defected to GOS/Militia groups i.e integration of White Army into SPLA/M mainstream.

Promotion of peaceful dialogues among different communities of South Sudan especially the Lou and Jikany clans.

Launching massive peace education and human rights advocacy programs in Jikany and Lou areas.

4. Drought/Famine and abject poverty

Provision of food and non-food materials to the affected communities/people in the area.

Provision of humanitarian assistance including health and education services by NGOs and donor agencies.

Provision of farm inputs and implements (eg seeds, ploughs, etc) for communities to start farming activities in areas that experience relative peace.

Awareness creation and training communities to initiate and take part in productive self sustaining projects rather than relying on relief.

5. Cattle rustling and looting of property

Organize joint military (SPLA/M) interventions or operations in cattle rustling areas.

Arrest and put under trial (tribunal court) those militia or leaders that support and perpetuate conflict and other criminal activities in the region.

SPLA/M should work hard to recover stolen cattle and return to the owners while offenders are punished.

The Lou and Jikany communities should find other alternative means of livelihood instead of depending solely on cattle, which has become the major source of conflict.

Movement of cattle from one community or point to the other should be sanctioned by the relevant authority.

6. Ignorance and illiteracy

Provision and construction of education facilities and schools in Jikany and Lou areas.

Increase the number of primary schools in the area.

Organize community training workshops and forums to create awareness on civil rights, community development and peace building.

Maintenance and expansion of peace advocacy to the whole Nuer communities and their neighbours.

8. Mistrust/Attitudes/beliefs

Restoration of Nuer cultural norms and rules by recognizing and respecting positive cultural practice especially those that promote peace and unity.

Promotions of inter-clan marriages, constant consultations, inter communal youth activities and dialogues.

Discourage disunity among Nuer leaders living in the diaspora.

Promotion of harmonious co-existence between the civilians and military personnel.

Inculcation of a culture of prayer, love and faith in God to restore hope and humanity at all levels.

Conference Resolutions

Looking at the root causes and possible solution to the Jikany/Lou conflict, delegates made a proposal to set out the Conference Resolution that would also bind them to the peace process and any other initiative between the two communities.

The Conference's delegates approved the proposal and therefore the technical

team in collaboration with the delegates drafted the resolutions, which was

ratified and adopted in the plenary as a binding document.

Following that move

all the delegates appended their signatures to legitimize the Conference Resolutions

3.3.3 Rianu Peace Declaration Dated 5th March 2004

We, the undersigned delegates to the Riang Peace Conference held between 1st — 5th March 2004, do hereby individually and collectively, make the following solemn declarations:-

< >That we have resolved to live harmoniously as members of the Jikany/Lou communities;

That we have unanimously chosen to enhance peace education and advocacy to ensure tranquility among the Jikany/Lou communities;

That we shall continuously monitor signs of conflict among the Jikany/Lou communities with a view to preventing occurrence of violence;

That we shall strive to promote peace and advocacy and development activities between the two communities;

That we shall coordinate and collaborate with the local communities in carrying out peace and development activities;

That we shall also collaborate with other like-minded groups in carrying out peace and development activities;

That we have also resolved to revive customary norms and rules as well as traditional governance systems among the Jikany/Lou communities.

That we shall remain fully committed to the implementation of the Resolutions of the Riang Peace Accord.4.0 Formation and election of the Jikany /Lou Peace and

Development Committee

The need to form a peace and development committee arose when delegates

agreed to get involved in the peace process.

According to the delegates many

peace initiatives that had been started in South Sudan had failed to go beyond workshops and conferences because local communities are not involved in the process or initiators never developed means of sustaining them.

Delegates were informed that there would be no meaningful peace if they don't take full participation in the process.

Other stakeholders from outside would only play a role a facilitative role while the whole work rests with the local communities.

Against this background, delegates decided to form a Committee to coordinate and oversee the implementation of the resolutions agreed during the conference.

Before electing the committee, facilitators advised the delegates to consider some critical factors that would enable them form an effective committee.

The following were the factors put in consideration during electioneering:

The name of the Committee — It was paramount to decide the name of the committee since many proposals and suggestions about the name were made.

Delegates resolved that the committee be called Jikany/Lou Peace and Development Committee.

Geographical area of operation — this should spell out the geographical areas where the committee would concentrate their work.

After a long deliberation, the delegates agreed that the intended peace committee should be operational in all areas occupied by Lou and Jikany.

- Representation and the number of people sitting in the Committee — Delegates resolved that communities should be represented at County level.

Representation would put all interested groups in consideration particularly women, youth, religious leaders, SRRC representatives and military personnel.

Delegates also agreed that five representatives from each county throughout the 3ikany and Lou communities should form a 35-member committee to monitor and oversee the implementation of the resolution.

Having agreed on the three issues (geographical region, representation and the name of the committee), delegates developed terms of reference to guide all the operations of the committee.

4.1 Terms of Reference for the Committee

To monitor and report to relevant organizations or authority the trend of the current conflict or emerging conflict and propose any early response.

To consult widely with all stakeholders in the region and make relevant decision on behalf of their community on issues related to peace and development.

To plan and coordinate peace building, advocacy and development activities.

To review and oversee the implementation of Riang Peace Agreement.

To disseminate relevant information to the communities about the progress of peace and development programs in the Jikany/Lou areas.

Identify and network with other peace and development partners to support and implement the resolution.

Identify operational office from where all the activities of the Committee will be coordinated from.

4.1.1 Election of the Committee

After the delegates agreed on terms of reference for the Committee, and the mode of election, they were asked to group themselves according to their counties to elect five representatives to the committee.

Six counties were represented in the conference and delegates were asked to elect qualified people who would be ready to volunteer their time to serve the community as per the expectations and desire of the conference resolutions.

Representation of all sector of the society such as youth, women, SRRC, Religious leaders and opinion leaders were emphasized.

The following were the outcomes of the election:

1. Ulang County

Nyapuka Chang

Tharjiath Panyuan Gai

Thomas Douth Bichouk

Pal Chuol Badeng

Nhial Pouch Jaak

2. Uror County

Stephen Thou Chol

Reath Wich Thijoak

Abel Gatluak Hoth

Moses Majok Wathuak

Simon Hoth Duol

3. Luakpiny County

Koang Luak Hoth

Thomas Bol Gatluak

Reuben Kueth Teta

Nyakong Gatjiok Guandong

Reath Goidet Deng

4. Sobat County

Lem Miniel Wunlual

Monywut Arop Gumwel

Gac Arop Ding

Mijok Chuol Deng

Anger Arop Arak

5. Nyirol County

John Deng Nguth

Stephen Tuach Pal

Nyathak Nyang Bichiok

Stephen Kuach Thoa

Ruot Lam Tuthiang

6. Akobo County

Jock Puok Diew

Ding Jang Lual

Tongyik Koang Lam

Rebecca Nyawech Puk

Koang Puok Diew

7. ACHA Members

Koang Pal Chang

Kuem Gatluok Machar

Deng Majak Awol

6.0. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION:

It was noted during the peace conference that the single active root cause of all manner of conflicts in Upper Nile Region is the GoS through its destructive activities in collaboration with militia leaders (see appendix IV for details).

It is therefore strongly recommended that deliberate efforts be made to reach out to these militia groups with a view to discouraging them from continuing with destructive activities against the local people.

In this regard, peace meetings with the militia leaders could be organized in an agreed venue.

Equally, thorough research should be carried out to establish the militia operational network mode of operation and recruitment, preferred target, etc..

p. 30 – 37

5.0 Appendixes

Appendix I

Full Name of Participants

Designation

County

Can

CDR. James Yiech Biet

Commander

LuakPiny

Jikany

CDR. James Kaat Pinyien

LuakPiny

Jikany

A/CDR.

Moses Dar Dieng

LuakPiny

Jikany

A/CDR.

Gabriel

Nyabiem Juoch

Ulang

Jikany

A/CDR.

Peter Gatkuoth Gien

Nyirol

Lou

A/CDR Peter Biel Joak

Akobo

Lou

A/CDR.

Gordon Hoth

Nyirol

Lou

Lt. Col.

Peter Pal Deng

Ulanq

3ikany

A/CDR Ruach Gatluak

Wang

Jikany

A/CDR Thomas Tut Ruea

Luakpiny

Jikany

Lt. Col.

John Ngaknom Lony Wuor

Ulang

Jikany

Major.

John Gatyiel Puot

Ulang

Capt.

Simon Changach Kueth

Akobo

Lou

Lt. Col.

Thomas Tut Puok

Akobo

Capt.

James Gatbel Lam

Akobo

Lou

Capt.

Peter Biel Jai

Ulang

Jikany

A/CDR.

Samuel Gach Hoth

LuakPiny

Jikany

Major Reath Tutlou

Maiwut

Jikany

Capt.

William Deng Tongyiek

Ulang

Jikany

Capt.

Simon Kailech Joak

Akobo

Lou

1St Lt.

John Pur Jal

Akobo

Lou

Capt.

Tut Nquoth Riak

Ulang

Jikany

Sgt. Bor Dieng Chotkuac

Ulang

Jikany

John Wiyual Joak

Evangelist

Wun-ror

Lou

Thomas Bol Gatluak

Luakpiny

Jikany

Gordon Gatkuoth Wech

Ulang

Jikany

James Thon Mat

Luakpiny

Jikany

Abel Gatluak Hoth

Elder

Wun-ror

Lou

Joseph Geng Nyoach

Elder

Ulang

Jikany

Rebecca Nyaluak Lual

Deacon

Maiwut

Jikany

Gabriel Bang Lual

Elder

Ulang

Jikany

Mary Nyabiel Gil

Deacon

Ulanq

Jikany

David Buom Muthiang

Elder

LuakPiny

Jikany

Michal Kun Luak

Elder

Ulang

Jikany

Simon Gatluak Geng

Evangelist

Ulang

Jikany

Mathew Chuol Gatwech

Elder

Ulang

Jikany

Peter Chuol Pal

Elder

Ulang

Jikany

Michael Bol Lengdit

Elder

LuakPiny

Jikany

Andrew Gatluak Gatkuoth

Pastor

LuakPiny

Jikany

Rachael NyapamTot

Deacon

Ulang

Jikany

Mathew Rambang Dieu

Elder

Ulang

Jikany

Daniel Ding Gatwech

Rev.

Ulang

Jikany

Simon Ruot Riang

Rev.

Maiwut

Jikany

William Gathuoi Bol

Delegate

Old Fagak

Look

Koang Them Maker

Delegate

Maiwut

Jikany

Stephen Tuach Pal

Delegate

Nyirol

Lou

Koang Luak Hoth

NSYA Rep

Luakpiny

Jikany

Timothy Tut Wan

MERF —Rep.

Wuror

Duop Chan

Elder

Nyirol

James Keat Maluoth

Delegate

Ulang

Peter Gatbel Dobuol

Elder

Ulang

Peter Deng Ruach

Delegate

Ulang

John Koang Ruea

Delegate

Maiwut

Peter Dak Tut

Delegate

Ulang

William Deng Taibor

Delegate

Ulang

Michael Chatiem Puok

Delegate

Nyirol

Peter Pal Gatwech

Delegate

Ulang

John Wiyual Bol

Delegate

Ulang

Peter Chuol Bol

Delegate

Ulang

Wiyual Riek

S/Chief

Wuror

David Gach Deng

Delegate

Maiwut

Thadiath Panyuan Gai

Elder

Ulang

Gatluak Monytap Pal

Delegate

Maiwut

Jacob Ruot Kuyoch

Delegate

Maiwut

John Gach Bayek

H/Chief

Ulang

David Danq Gien

Admin.

Officer

LuakPiny

Peter Bol Puot

Teacher

LuakPiny

Joseph Keat Kotah

Youth leader

Akobo

James Yen Kun Reth

Ulang

Simon Gatlak Bech

Ulang

Gatluak Lual Chuol

Maiwut

Wal Kuyoch Riek

Maiwut

Stephen Bang Lual

Ulang

James Thadiath Bol

Delegate

Maiwut

Mathew Toang Reath

H/Chief

Nyirol

Chuol Tiem

S/Chief

Ulang

Kier Puok

Elder

Ulang

Gom Bol

Elder

Ulanq

Liep Kuoth

H/Chief

LuakPiny

Reuben kuot

Ex/Chief

LuakPiny

James Khor Choat

S/chief

Ulang

Donach Chatit

Ex/Chief

Ulang

John Chuol Bath

5/Chief

LuakPiny

Stephen Kuei Mayian

Delegate

Nairobi

Simon Pal Chuol

H/Chief

Ulang

Bol Reath Luang

Elder

Akobo

Majok Dhuor Bang

H/Chief

Akobo

Gatluak Nguoth

S/Chief

Akobo

Majuoch Pan

H/Chief

Akobo

Keak Kon

S/Chief

Akobo

Marko Nyuon Chok

Elder

Nairobi

Peter Wanlau Muon

S/Chief

Ulang

Stephen Leaw Lual

Elder

Ulang

Peter Lam Wal

Ex. H/Chief

Ulang

Both Lual Padiet Jienq

Elder

Ulang

Leaw Long Nhial

Elder

Luakpiny

Jikany

Yen Kuoth Puor

Elder

Lanken

Lou

Gatkuoth Chany Dar

Elder

Luakpiny

Jikany

Peter Mayiel Biel

Elder

Ulanq

Jikany

Wal Banang Malieth

Elder

Ulang

Jikany

Chuol Luak Muong

Elder

Ulang

Jikany

Reath Wech Thijok

H/Chief

Wunror

Lou

Deng Dhuor Lang

Elder

Ulang

Jikany

Teny Bilthiang Nay

Elder

Ulang

Jikany

Lam Liplie Ruel

Elder

Ulang

Jikany

Dugak Tang Dieng

Elder

Ulang

Jikany

Nyang Tut Deng Long

Elder

Ulang

Jikany

Yen Gatbel Nguth

Elder

Ulang

Thomas Hoth Domach

Elder

Ulang

Gatluak 3ok Thoan

Elder

LuakPiny

Dak Lual Lam

Elder

Ulanq

Yen Bior Thieng

Elder

Ulang

William Riek Hoth

H/Chief

LuakPiny

Thuok Lual hiothnyang

H/Chief

Ulang

Gai Ruea Goak

H/Chief

Ulang

Chuol Gai Thoan

Ex H/Chief

Ulang

David Rambang Koryoam

Ex H/Chief

Ulang

Gal Arop Ding

H/Chief

Ballet

John Wiyual Joak

S/Chief

Ulang

Peter How Gach

5/Chief

Ulang

Wal Hoth Dhol

5/C h ief

Ulang

Thuoch Bol Ger

H/Man

Ballet

Maria!

Muonylang Ruea

Elder

Ballet

David Tor Lual

5/C h ief

Ulang

Deng Jing Juach

5/Chief

Ulang

Duel Thuok Paduil

S/Chief

Ulang

Gony Deng Nyoak

S/Chief

Ulang

Tut Riek Deng ❑pieny

S/Chief

Ulang

3ok Toang Buop

5/Chief

Ulang

Elizabeth Nyawech Kun

Akobo

Rebecca Chuol Lul

Nyirol

Rhoda Nyakakah

Wunror

Mary Nyaletni Tut

Woman/Assoc

Akobo

Rebecca Nyawech Puok

Akobo

Rebecca Nyaret Puk

Chairlady

Akobo

Elizabeth Nyaborah 1301

W/Assoc

Wunror

Mary Nyayual Long

Deacon

Ulang

Mary Nyadak Deng

Delegate

LuakPiny

Mary Nyawech Ruach

Delegate

Waat

Mary Chuol Whial

W/Assoc

Ballet

Elizabeth Nyakoka Thech

W/Assoc

LuakPiny

Mary Nyayang Lam

W/Assoc

LuakPiny

Sarah Nyaleak Long

W/Assoc

LuakPiny

Elizabeth Chuol Riek

W/ Assoc

Luak Piny

Jikany

Sarah Buok Riekah

W/Assoc

LuakPiny

Jikany

Sarah Nyajal Kueruach

W/Assoc

LuakPiny

Jikany

Rebecca Nyagony

W/Assoc

Ballet

Dinka — Ngok

Rebecca Nyabiel Bol

W/Assoc

Ballet

Dinka - Ngok

Nyajeng Bol Khan

W/Assoc

Ballet

Dinka — Ngok

Mary Nya Yuol Chuol

W/ Assoc

Ballet

Dinka — Ngok

Sarah Nyatiek Kier Thoan

W/Assoc

Maiwut

Jikany

Nyalam Wali

W/Assoc

Ballet

Dinka — Ngok

Rebecca NyaPal Nhial

W/Assoc

LuakPiny

Jikany

Mary Nyawal Kun

W/Assoc

LuakPiny

Jikany

Rebecca Nyalual Chalar

W/Assoc

LuakPiny

Jikany

Elizabeth Nyantit Bangich

Chairlady

LuakPiny

Jikany

Mary Nyakong Gatjiok

W/Assoc

LuakPiny

Jikany

Nyalual Buom

W/Assoc

LuakPiny

3ikany

Buok Pal

W/Assoc

LuakPiny

3ikany

Nya Kang Juach

W/Assoc

LuakPiny

Jikany

Rebecca Nya Dut Cham Jok

W/Assoc

LuakPiny

Jikany

Rebecca Nyamut Jock

W/Assoc

LuakPiny

Jikany

Nyachega Malieth

W/ Assoc

LuakPiny

Jikany

Nyaluak Tutdeal

W/Assoc

LuakPiny

Nyawuor Biel

W/Assoc

LuakPiny

Nyahoth Reath

W/Assoc

LuakPiny

Jikany

Mary Nyayang Doleak

TBA

Ballet

Dinka - Ngor

Nyawech Chang

W/Assoc

LuakPiny

Jikany

Mary Nyapuka Chang

Chairlady

Ulang

Nyabel Kuach

W/Assoc

LuakPiny

Jikany

Sarah Nyayang Ruea

W/ Assoc

LuakPiny

Jikany

Nyabiel Yiek

W/Assoc

LuakPiny

Jikany

Nyawic Guoda

W/Assoc

LuakPiny

Jikany

Nyachade Maluoth

S/Chief

Ulang

Jikany

Sarah Nyanlieth Guek

Ulang

Jikany

Nyantut Wal

W/Assoc

Ulang

Jikany

Nyatekah Thong

W/Assoc

Ulang

Nyadut Deng

W/Assoc

Ulang

Jikany

Nyadang Chan

WI Assoc

Ulang

Jikany

Nyalam Nhial

W/Assoc

Ulang

Jikany

Mary Nyakong Chuol

W/Assoc

LuakPiny

Nyaruai Manyoang

W/Assoc

Ulang

Jikany

Buck Chang

W/Assoc

Ulang

Jikany

Nyayiel Thok

W/Assoc

Ulang

Jikany

Nyalam Dhial

W/Assoc

Ulang

Jikany

Mary Nyagony Ruot

W/Assoc

Ulang

Jikany

Nyandeng Damac

W/ Assoc

Ulang

3ikany

Nyawal Thian

W/Assoc

Ulang

Jikany

Nya JuainiChany

W/Assoc

Nya Kuoth Lual

W/Assoc

Moses Majok Gatluak Thoa

Delegate& Co- chairman

Nairobi

Wuror

Moses Gai Buom

Delegates& Co- chairman

Nairobi

John Top Lam

NSYA

Nairobi

Cdr. Gordon Banak Thoan

Ulang County Sec.

Ulang

Peter Reath Hoth

SRRC Sec.

Bimbim

Stephen Thow Chol

Administrator

Wuror Payam

Jacob Ruon Miny-Jang

Administrator

Nyirol

Nhial Puoch Jaak

Administrator

Ulang Payam

John Km!

Duot

Exe. Director

Sobat

Mayik Ding Agoth

Ass. Director

Sobat

A/CDR John Chuol

Exe. Director

Ulang

A/CDR Simon Lual Tut

Payam Sec.

Luak Piny

Stephen Bangot Jany

Exe. Director

Wuror

CDR.John Joak Gai Bipal

County Sec.

Nyirol

CDR. John Wiyual Chol

County Sec.

Maiwut

Capt.

Gordon Nyoat Ruot

Exe. Director

Akabo

1' Lt.

Samuel Guek Makuach

Public security

Ulang

A/CDR.

Peter Toang Kuajien

Exe. Director

LuakPiny

Koang Puok Diew

Nuer Youth Chairman

Akobo/Delegate

PeterGatwech Thor

Commissioner

LuakPiny

John Woyok Gatkuoth

High Court Nbi/ Kakuma

Phow State

Puot Top Reihok

NBI. delegate

Ayod

John Mayiel Tick

NBI. delegate

Ayod

David Wat Puot

NBI. delegate

LuakPiny

John Chuol Ninkel

NBI. Delegate

LuakPiny

Rev. James Dau Mayiik

Pastor

Sobat

Deng Majak Awuol

ACHA Delegate

Sobat

Thomas Duoth Bichok

Elder

Ulang

Peter Duoth Ruea

Church elder

Ulanq

Rebecca Nyanyak Wal

W/Assoc.

NBI

Mary Nyachin Kong

W/Assoc.

NBI.

Mary Nyayual Ker

W/Assoc.

NBI.

Jikany

Biel Gatwech Ngueng

H/Chief LuakPiny

LuakPiny

Jikany

Gatluak Lul Chuol

Youth

Maiwut

John Wicyual Mast

H/Chief

LuakPiny

Chuol Thok Dor

H/ Chief

LuakPiny

Maratha Nyaqun Dor

Decond

Ulang

Bang Mut Bichiok

B/ Chief

Ulang

Simon Gatdet Gien

Eyegalist

Ulang

Rebecca Nyanchar Kueth

W/Assoc

Ulang

Nyapal Lual Murow

W/Assoc

LuakPiny

Nyanlang Dhong Dolow

W/Assoc.

LuakPiny

Nyuon Kueth Kuon

Elder

Ulang

Koang Giel Bol

rt Lt.

Ulang

Mary Nyanter Deng

W/ Assoc.

LuakPiny

Dhuol Muon Buay

H/Chief

Akobo

David Dak Dhuol

J. LT

Akobo

William Joang Yar

HW

Ulang

Gatwech Jock Por

H/Chief

Ulang

Martha Bhan Luot

Panyuan Wan Deng

Elder

Gueywang Gatbel Thowaat

Elder

Ulang

Biel Patditt Monydhot

Tabitha Nyakony Puok

W/Assoc.

Ulang

Nyatapa Gatluak Patdoch

W/Assoc.

Ulang

Nyayual Chuol Ranlay

W/Assoc.

LuakPiny

Simon Kuon Pal

Kuon Pal Kerjiok

Elder

Ulang

Toang Mawar Nyuar

Elder

Lingpiny Way Tey

Peter Kuany Wol

Elder

Ulang

Panom Bol Chuol'

S/Chief

Ulang

Thor Lam Lul

Sarah Nyantor Banak

W/Assoc.

Ulang

Simon Malual Mut

Pweter Gatkuoth Kuon

Ulang

Rebecca Nyalang Both

W/Assoc.

Ulang

Rolla Nyalam Chuol

W/Assoc

Ulang

Elizebeth Tochdul Bangot

W/Assoc.

Ulang

Chuol Muon Ruach

S/Ch ief

Akobo

James Riek Chuol

Youth

Akobo

Simon Lual Yiech

Youth

LuakPiny

Gatluok Joak Thoang

Elder

LuakPiny

Thok Kuarbang Riek

Youth

LuakPiny

Stephen Tut Leaw

Youth

LuakPiny

Peter Bol Ruach

Elder

Ulang

Sarah Nyariek Thong

W/Assoc.

Maiwut

Elizabeth Nyariek

Thong

W/Assoc

Ulang

Sarah Nyakier Ruach

W/Assoc

Ulang

Mary Nyayual Puol

W/Assoc

Ulang

David Yen Muon

Maja k

Ulang

Mary Nyayual Wol

W/Assoc

Ulang

Rebecca Nyatet Lul

Decond

Ulang

Nyaret Kun Riang

T.B.A

Ulang

Mary Nyayual Nyang

T.B.A

Ulang

Teny Char Duop

W/Assoc.

Ulang

Sarah Nyapuoka Puol

W/Assoc.

Ulang

Nyantiac Jock Chany

W/Assoc.

Ulang

Mary Nyalual Majiok

W/Assoc.

Ulang

Mary Nyakor Lam

W/Assoc

Ulang

Michael Jock Kong

Evegelist

Ulang

Nyareng Bukjiok Lul

W/Assoc.

Ulang

Nyamach Put Chak

W/Assoc

Ulang

Daniel Nyien Ker

B.T co.

Ulanq

Micheal Gatbel Lul

Youth

Ulang

Chuol Ruach Wuin

P.Supper

Ulang

Simon Lual Kuon

Evegelist

Ulang

John Wal Gatkuoth

Chief

Ulang

Reath Jiach Luony

Elder

Ulang

Peter Ret Thok

Pa nya m

Maiwut

Chuol Chak Row

Elder

Ulang

Peter Chang Kotha

Payam/Sec

LuakPiny

Koang Panora Chuol

Youth

LuakPiny

Chuol Gai Duach

Elder

Maiwut

Gatluk Nguth Kuon

S/Chief

Ulang

Rebecca Nyapul Deng

W/Assoc.

Ulang

Gatwech Gai Biey

Eldder

Ulanq

Wan Riek Deng

Paya m

Ulang

Reat Liey Gai

Elder

Ulang

Nyabiel Tut Biyay

W/Assoc

Ulang

John Gatkek Chuol

Youth

NBi.

Peter Puoch Ruach

Youth

Ulang

Gabriel Gatluak Kun

Nbi. Delegate

LuakPiny

Rebecca Nyanchar Kueth

W/Assoc.

Ulang

Mary Nyatet Deng

W/Assoc.

Ulang

Peter Gatkuoth Dach

Soldier

Ulang

Jacob Nhial Kuon Reth

Youth

Ulang

James Puor Tap

Evegelist.

Ulang

James Gatluak Yiech

Solider

Ulang

Reath Kuei Chuol Reth

Youth

Ulang

Sarah Nyawach Loany

W/assoc

Ulang

Nyaluak Loang Deng

W/Assoc.

Ulang

Rebecca Chuol Char

W/Assoc.

Ulang

Nyatet Chuol Chany

W/Assoc.

Ulang

Nyayiela Gatwech Gai

W/Assoc.

Ulang

Nyanjok Chuol Ker

Youth

Ulang

Jock Malieth Thiec

Elder

Ulang

Doyak Chuol Thony

Elder

Ulang

Gatdet Ruot Diew

Elder

Ulang

Char Deng Turuk

Elder

Ulang