Additional Agreement on the Reconciliation between the Daoussahaq and Peuhls Communities relating to the peaceful use of natural resources along the Mali-Niger border

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Country/entity: Mali
Niger
Region: Africa (excl MENA)
Agreement name: Additional Agreement on the Reconciliation between the Daoussahaq and Peuhls Communities relating to the peaceful use of natural resources along the Mali-Niger border
Date: 7 Nov 2016
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/local conflict
Mali: Dogon-Fulani and other local conflicts (2015 -)
An initially intercommunal conflict between Dogon and Fulani (known in Mali as Peulh) communities in the Mopti region in central Mali, which has strong regional and national dimensions as well. The conflict emerged in 2015 from disputes over access to natural resources and land management between traditionally sedentary agriculturalists, the Dogon community, and semi-nomadic pastoralists and traders, the Fulani community. Given the state’s failure in providing security, various communities, including the Dozo community, grouped into militias, with the umbrella group Dan Na Ambassagou (DNA) comprising Dogon local defence militias. The intercommunal violence that ensued quickly became a regional emergency crisis, as extremist groups emerging from the northern regions to gain a foothold in the region benefited from this security vacuum by reinforcing the conflict through recruiting local population. In turn, the threat of extremist attacks fed back into the establishment of local defence militias. The emergence of Malian extremists in the Mopti region has triggered the internationalization of the conflict witnessing the intervention of international security forces, main missions being a Joint Force by the G5 Sahel, United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSMA), and the French Operation Serval (SOV). Given Mali’s colonial historical relationship with France, these interventions have de facto further added to the complexities of this conflict’s drivers. Reconciliation efforts on both local and state level culminated in a ceasefire agreement in 2018. However, in the run up to the July 2018 elections the region saw an upsurge in violent clashes with civilians by communal militias, with increasing violent activities by Dozo militias. In 2019 there was a sharp increase of violent attacks by militias, militaries and extremists, with violence against civilians being most common.
Stage: Implementation/renegotiation
Conflict nature: Inter-group
Peace process: Mali Local Processes
Parties: Peulh communities of Niger
Pour la communaute Daoussahaq du Menaka (signature)
Pour la communaute Daoussahaq de Anderamboukane (signature)
Third parties: Pour les communautes temoins (signatures)
Description: This is an additional agreement that is supplemental to the Agreement between the Dawsahak community in Takatayt (Mali) and Peulh community in Niger on the peaceful exploitation of natural resources. It brings in the Daoussahaq communities of Ménaka and Andéramboukane as parties to that agreement.

Agreement document: ML_NE_161107 Additional Agreement on the Reconciliation between the Daossahaq and Peuhls communities.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF
Agreement document (original language): ML_NE_161107 Additional Agreement on the Reconciliation between the Daossahaq and Peuhls communities_fr.pdf (opens in new tab)| Download PDF

Local agreement properties

Process type: Formal structured process
Rationale: This agreement was the result of a mediation process facilitated by the Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue, and brings additional communities into the 2016 Agreement between the Daoussahaq community in Talatayt (Mali) and Peulh community in Niger on the peaceful exploitation of natural resources.
Is there a documented link to a national peace process?: No
Link to national process: articulated rationale: The agreement was negotiated outside of the national-level peace process as it deals with local conflict in central Mali. The parties to this agreement are not part of the national-level peace negotiation framework.
Name of Locale: Ménaka and Andéramboukane
Nature of Locale: Region
GPS Lat/Long (DD): 15.721469, 2.685123
Participant type: Local community/civilian group(s)/civil society organisations
Mediator, facilitator or similar: Mediator or similar referred to
Mediator (references): Not referenced in the agreement, however, secondary reporting states that the agreement was facilitated by the Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue.
Type of mediator/facilitator/similar: International or transnational actor

Local issues

Ritual/prayer and process (including use of scripture): No specific mention.
Grievance List: No specific mention.
Cattle rustling/banditry: No specific mention.
Social cover: No specific mention.

ADDITIONAL AGREEMENT ON THE RECONCILIATION BETWEEN THE DAOSSAHAQ AND PEUHLS COMMUNITIES RELATING TO THE PEACEFUL USE OF NATURAL RESOURCES ALONG THE MALI-NIGER BORDER

- Referring to the end of hostilities agreement signed between the Peulh communities of Niger and Daoussahaq of Mali, on December 23, 2015 in Bamako

- Referring to the content of the Agreement for Peace and National Reconciliation, Signed between the Government of the Republic of Mali and the armed groups in northern Mali, May 15 and June 20, 2015;

- Referring to the agreement signed on May 13, 2016, between the Daoussahaq communities of Taltayt / MaIi and the Peulhs of Niger facilitated by the Center for Humanitarian Dialogue "HD Mali" and under the high presidency of the Governor of Tillabery (Mr Zourkalaini Maiga) and the Governor of Ménaka (Mr. Daouda Maiga)

- Considering that, because of their importance in the implementation of the said agreement, it is necessary that the Daoussahaq communities of Ménaka and Andéramboukane become parties to the agreement signed in Tillabéry on May 13, 2016

The parties have agreed as follows:

Article 1:

The Daoussahaq communities of Ménaka and Andéramboukane become, from the date of signature of this additional agreement, parties to the agreement between the Daoussahaq communities of Talatayt and Peulhs relating to the peaceful use of natural resources along the Mali-Niger border, signed on May 13, 2016 in Tillabéry in Niger

Article 2:

The Daoussahaq communities of Ménaka and Andéramboukane recognize and accept the content of the agreement signed on May 13 in Tillabéry and commit to implementing it in full.

Article 3:

This additional agreement will be an integral part of the agreement signed in Tillabéry on May 13, 2016 between the Daoussahaq communities of Talatayt / Mali and Peulhs of Niger from its date of signature.

Article 4:

From the date of signature of the additional agreement, the global agreement will be called "AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE DAOUSSAHAQ AND PEULHS COMMUNITIES RELATING TO THE PEACEFUL USE OF NATURAL RESOURCES ALONG THE MALI-NIGER BORDER"

Article 5:

This additional agreement shall enter into force from the date of signature by the parties.

Done in Banibangou on 07/11/2016

In five Original copies, in French