Agreement to Consolidate the Ceasefire (Zawiyya Agreement)

Export agreement:

Export agreement coding (PDF)

Country/entity: Libya
Region: Middle East and North Africa
Agreement name: Agreement to Consolidate the Ceasefire (Zawiyya Agreement)
Date: 9 Sep 2018
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/local conflict
Libyan Conflicts (1969 - 1994) (2011 - )
Agreements relate to two distinct conflict dyads.
Libya-Chad. Since the 1970s, Libya under Colonel Muammar Gaddafi had a tense relationship with its neighbour Chad, predominantly focused on the resource-rich Aouzou Strip in northern Chad. Libyan claims of the Aouzou Strip were held in an un-ratified treaty between France and Italy in 1935, similarly Chadian claims of the Strip were argued with support of a 1955 treaty between Libya and France. In 1973, Libya effectively annexed the Strip to gain access to natural resources. This spurred cross-border clashes between 1979 until 1987 until escalated to a brief war known as the Toyota War, wherein Chadian government troops succeeded in repelling Libyan forces. A brief and repeatedly violated ceasefire was held from 1987-88, followed by a series of unsuccessful negotiations, until an International Court of Justice ruling in 1994, which granted sovereignty of the Strip to Chad.

Libya post-Gaddafi. Gaddafi’s downfall following the Libyan Civil War in 2011-2012, led to several factions fighting for the country’s leadership. Since 2013, the country effectively split into three entities, with the National Army controlling the east including the city of Benghazi, and the New General National Congress and their militias such as the Golden Dawn controlling the northwest including the capital of Tripoli. Significant portions of the country in the south-west are currently held by Tuareg forces. The civil war and chaos continued into 2014 as the General National Congress refused to disband after the expiry of its mandate, resulting in eruption of mass protests. The UN efforts continue to broker peace between the Libyan Army and the Libya Dawn factions, and a partial ceasefire was declared in January 2015. A new interim-government (Tunisia-based) called ‘Government of National Accord’ is formed with the backing of UN despite the refusal of the other forces to recognise its authority and arrived to Tripoli with the UN in 2016. A state of emergency was declared by the UN backed government amid clashed between rival militia in Tripoli’s southern suburbs. Since April 2019 there has been sustained fighting between the Libyan National Army and the UN-backed government in Tripoli as the Libyan National Army aims to seize Tripoli.
Stage: Implementation/renegotiation
Conflict nature: Government
Peace process: Libyan peace process
Parties: Khalid Mazen, Ministry Undersecretary, Ministry of Interior [Signed]
Muhammad Lamhanim Undersecretary of Internal Migrationm Ministry of Interior [Signed]
Abdulbari Shimbaro, Undersecretary, Ministry of Local Administration [Signed]
Gen. Hussein Abdullah, Chief of Staff of Army, General Staff [Signed]
Gen. Osamah Huwaili, Commander of Western Tareen Area, General Staff [Signed]
Abdulsalam Abu Sitah Al Mahdi, Local Military Command – Zintan, General Staff [Signed]
Brig. Gen. Fath Allah Hasan Abu Matas, First Assistant, Counter-Terrorism Forces, Presidential Council [Signed]
Fahim Bin Ramadan, 301st Infantry Brigade, Presidential Council [Signed]
Gen. Abdulfatah Marin, Commander of the Tripoli Al Amariah Area, Presidential Council [Signed]
Khalid Muhammad Al Jarab, Tripoli Brigade, Tripoli Brigade [Signed]
Khalid Muhammad Al Subair, Communication Delegate Tripoli [Signed]
[ILLEGIBLE] [ILLEGIBLE], Tripoli [Signed]
Muhammad Hasan Al Barouni, Janzour Knights Brigade [Signed]
Muhammad Al Dharat, Al Bunyan Al Marsoos, Middle Area [Signed]
Ibrahim Muhammad Rafidah, Al Bunyan Al Marsoos, Middle Area [Signed]
Abdullah Ahmad Asbafa, Al Bunyan Al Marsoos, Middle Area [Signed]
Brig. Gen. Ramadan Al Zain, Middle Area, Al Bunyan Al Marsoos [Signed]
Mustafa Ali Muhammad Al Somo, Al Bunyan Al Marsoos, Middle Area [Signed]
Brig. Gen. Malud Al Masri, Head of the Central Security, Libyan Intelligence [Signed]
Iyad Ili Salem, Mayor of Tarhuna, Tarhuna [Signed]
Ahmad Owain, Military Advisor, Presidential Council [Signed]
Ibrahim Al Thaqaf, General Intelligence, Presidential Council [Signed]
Al Mahdi Ali Al Shawish, Military Committee, Zawiya [Signed]
Musa Ahmad Al Bidari, Mobile Force, Jadu [Signed]
Ayman Awn Allah, Mobile Force, [ILLEGIBLE] [Signed]
Mustafa Ali Ashlam, Al Bunyan Al Marsoos, Misrata [Signed]
Hasan Jab Allah, Tarhuna, Tarhuna [Signed]
Milod Abdullah, Tarhuna, Tarhuna [Signed]
Third parties: United Nations Support Mission to Libya (UNSMIL)
Description: Short agreement providing for implementation modalities.

Agreement document: LY_180909_Tripoli Ceasefire_EN.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF
Agreement document (original language): LY_180909_Tripoli Ceasefire_AR.pdf (opens in new tab)| Download PDF

Local agreement properties

Process type: Formal structured process
Rationale: -> Link to national level; external support mechanism; culture of signing It appears that it is a formal national mechanism that aims to solve the conflict at a local level. The agreement is part of a larger peace process made of several UN-sponsored peace agreements aimed at bringing an end to the Battle of Tripoli. It is also embedded in a culture of signing (and supporting) agreements in this locale and in this timeframe (August/September 2018). The agreement aims to "consolidate the ceasefire" agreed on the 4th of September.
Is there a documented link to a national peace process?: Yes
Link to national process: articulated rationale: The ceasefire is linked to the national process. It was mediated between state and non-state parties under the support of the United Nations Support Mission to Libya (UNSMIL). Moreover, it mentions a statement made by the UN Security Council. It also includes reform to security arrangements committee, which was mandated by the LPA (2015); as well as the promise of an economic reform package. It also negotiates the withdrawal of non-state militias from state institutions, a promise that they will not seize them in the future and a formal revoking of state-sanctioned authority to militias to complete certain tasks.
Name of Locale: Greater Tripoli
Nature of Locale: Region
GPS Lat/Long (DD): 32.882782, 13.190739
Participant type: Central state actor
Local state actor
Local armed group
Mediator, facilitator or similar: Mediator or similar referred to
Mediator (references): United Nations Support Mission to Libya (UNSMIL)
Type of mediator/facilitator/similar: International or transnational actor

Local issues

Ritual/prayer and process (including use of scripture): No specific mention.
Grievance List: Page 1, Based on the ceasefire agreement that was signed on September 4 ,and based on the statement
from the Security Council on 6 September 2018, which called for an immediate cessation of hostilities, adherence to the truce, stopping the bloodshed, and protecting civilians [...]
Cattle rustling/banditry: No specific mention.
Social cover: No specific mention.

Agreement to Consolidate the Ceasefire

Based on the ceasefire agreement that was signed on September 4th, and based on the statement from the Security Council on 6 September 2018, which called for an immediate cessation of hostilities, adherence to the truce, stopping the bloodshed, and protecting civilians, the following points were agreed upon:

1. Creating a monitoring and verification mechanism to consolidate the ceasefire under the supervision and direction of a joint operations center

2. Repositioning of forces to areas that are agreed upon to allow resumption of normal life in the areas of the clashes, and the Greater Tripoli area in general, followed by a mechanism to stop the clashes

3. Storing all heavy and medium-size weaponry inside the bases of the groups that own them

4. Creating a plan for the withdrawal of the armed groups from sovereign locations and vital installations and the gradual positioning of regular forces (military and police), starting with the Mitiga International Airport, the Prime Minister’s office, the Tripoli Port, the Central Bank, bank branches, the sites of the National Oil Corporation (starting with the Hani fuel tanks and the airport), the Electricity Corporation, and especially the control room and the General Authority for Communications and Informatics, and the Libyan Investment Authority, in accordance with a clear timetable.

5. The Presidential Council shall dissolve the current security arrangements committee and form a new security arrangements committee, and the delegation shall contribute to providing the necessary support to this committee

6. A written commitment from the Tripoli armed groups to not extort, pressure, or take over sovereign institutions

7. Announcement of an economic reform package within a week from today, and starting to implement it

8. Canceling a number of decisions that were made during the previous period that transfer the state authorities to armed groups

9 September 2018

Zawiya, 9 September 2018

Signatures of those in agreement with the outputs of the meeting to consolidate the ceasefire

Name Position Entity Signature

Khalid Mazen Ministry Undersecretary Ministry of Interior [Signed]

Muhammad Lamhani Undersecretary of Internal Migration Ministry of Interior [Signed]

Abdulbari Shimbaro Undersecretary of the Ministry of Local Administration Ministry of Local Administration [Signed]

Gen. Hussein Abdullah Chief of Staff of Army General Staff [Signed]

Gen. Osamah Huwaili Commander of Western Tareen Area General Staff [Signed]

Abdulsalam Abu Sitah Al Mahdi Local Military Command – Zintan General Staff [Signed]

Brig.

Gen. Fath Allah Hasan Abu Matas First Assistant, Counter-Terrorism Forces Presidential Council [Signed]

Fahim Bin Ramadan 301st Infantry Brigade Presidential Council [Signed]

Gen. Abdulfatah Marin Commander of the Tripoli Al Amariah Area Presidential Council [Signed]

Khalid Muhammad Al Jarab Tripoli Brigade Tripoli Brigade [Signed]

Khalid Muhammad Al Subair Communication Delegate Tripoli [Signed]

[ILLEGIBLE] [ILLEGIBLE] Tripoli [Signed]

Muhammad Hasan Al Barouni Janzour Knights Brigade [Signed]

Muhammad Al Dharat Al Bunyan Al Marsoos Middle Area [Signed]

Ibrahim Muhammad Rafidah Al Bunyan Al Marsoos Middle Area [Signed]

Abdullah Ahmad Asbafa Al Bunyan Al Marsoos Middle Area [Signed]

Brig.

Gen. Ramadan Al Zain Middle Area Al Bunyan Al Marsoos [Signed]

Mustafa Ali Muhammad Al Somo Al Bunyan Al Marsoos Middle Area [Signed]

Brig.

Gen. Malud Al Masri Head of the Central Security Libyan Intelligence [Signed]

Iyad Ili Salem Mayor of Tarhuna Tarhuna [Signed]

Ahmad Owain Military Advisor Presidential Council [Signed]

Ibrahim Al Thaqaf General Intelligence Presidential Council [Signed]

Al Mahdi Ali Al Shawish Military Committee Zawiya [Signed]

Musa Ahmad Al Bidari Mobile Force Jadu [Signed]

Ayman Awn Allah Mobile Force [ILLEGIBLE] [Signed]

Mustafa Ali Ashlam Al Bunyan Al Marsoos Misrata [Signed]

Hasan Jab Allah Tarhuna Tarhuna [Signed]

Milod Abdullah Tarhuna Tarhuna [Signed]