Dukana-Dillo-Maikona Declaration

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Country/entity: Ethiopia
Kenya
Region: Africa (excl MENA)
Agreement name: Dukana-Dillo-Maikona Declaration
Date: 19 Jul 2009
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/local conflict
Kenyan Post-Electoral Violence (2007 - 2008)
The conflict emerged as post-election violence. After the incumbent President Kibaki was declared the winner of the Kenyan presidential elections in December 2007, complaints of fraud and a structural disadvantage affecting his competitor Raila Odinga lead to outbreaks of severe ethno-political violence. After the first incidents in the Rift Valley region, mainly directed against the Kikuyu ethnic group – the traditional powerbase of Kibaki – the fighting spread to the cities of Nairobi and Mombasa. After two months, Kibaki and Odinga agreed on a power-sharing agreement that granted Odinga the post as a Prime Minister and ended the violence.
Stage: Framework/substantive - partial
Conflict nature: Inter-group
Peace process: Kenya Local Agreements
Parties: No signature but agreement is between Borana of Kenya and the Gabra people.
Third parties: -
Description: Agreement between Borana and Gabra relating to access to resources. Also contains agreed penalties that will be incurred for theft of livestock.

Agreement document: KE_090719_Dukana-Dillo-Maikona Declaration.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF

Local agreement properties

Process type: Formal structured process
Rationale: It references the previous Dillo Dukana Declaration of November 2008, and although not mentioned in the text, additional reporting on the meeting states that the meeting was organised by the Pastoralist Shade Initiative and the Oromia Pastoralists Association, and supported by the DFID Democracy Growth and Peace for Pastoralists project, as a continuation of the Dillo Dukana peace initiative.
Is there a documented link to a national peace process?: No
Link to national process: articulated rationale: No documented references in the agreement to a national peace process, or in the accompanying reporting of the process, as it was very focused on localised, cross-border violence and insecurity.
Name of Locale: Dukana, Dillo, Maikona
Nature of Locale: Region
GPS Lat/Long (DD): 3.728028, 37.607331
Participant type: Central state actor
Local state actor
International or transnational actor
Domestic religious organisation/leader or other elder
Local community/civilian group(s)/civil society organisations
Regional state actor
Mediator, facilitator or similar: Mediator or similar referred to
Mediator (references): Not mentioned in the agreement text, but reporting from the Maikona Peace Gathering 17th-19th July 2009 states that the meeting was organised by the Pastoralist Shade Initiative and the Oromia Pastoralists Association.
Type of mediator/facilitator/similar: International or transnational actor

Local issues

Ritual/prayer and process (including use of scripture): No specific mention.
Grievance List: No specific mention.
Cattle rustling/banditry: Page 1,
The gathering also agreed to adopt the Dillo and Dukana declaration [November 2008] which decrees that:
1. If a person is caught with a stolen animal, the fine is four animals per one animal stolen and the culprit has to pay the expense incurred for tracking that animal.
Social cover: No specific mention.

Dukana-Dillo-Maikona Declaration

Maikona, 19th July 2009

The communities at the Maikona meeting made the following declarations:

“The Borana of Kenya announce that it is peace for us without any conditions.

We have accepted peace.

The Gabra people accept peace too.”

“We have decided that from this meeting on, you Gabra have the right to use all our resources equally. [

We will make] an inter-clan committee of Borana and Gabra that will oversee the rules of access to resources.”

“We propose an elder’s committee.

We need a period that will be facilitated by this committee working on peace between these communities until things take off and we have engagement and interaction.”

“Animals from both communities have strayed.

We should return these to their owners.”

“We should be people together, giving each other information – where lost animals are etc – all information”

“We hope to have another meeting in Walda in a week’s time that includes people of Moyale and Sololo so that issues we have discussed here can be handed over to the people there and implemented.”

“The issues of [district] boundaries is the preserve of the government.

It is not for us to deal with.”

“We don’t have to run to the government to sort out our issues.

We can use our own systems.

We can sort out our daily life issues through our own traditional system.”

“After this meeting we should have a lot of other small events, small activities to talk to the people and mobilise them for peace.”

The gathering also agreed to adopt the Dillo and Dukana declaration [November 2008] which decrees that:

1. If a person is caught with a stolen animal, the fine is four animals per one animal stolen and the culprit has to pay the expense incurred for tracking that animal.

2. If anyone injures another person with intent the penalty is 15 cows.

3. If anyone kills a person, the penalty is 30 cows.

4. If someone is putting out lies and propaganda, inciting people to fight, this is very serious.

It is worse than fighting itself.

He is fined expenses and five cows.

5. For the man who conceals a culprit or information, both the concealer and the concealed are fined the same.

E.g. a man who hides another man who has killed;

both are fined 30 cows.

In all these cases the culprit also goes to court.