Agreement

Export agreement:

Export agreement coding (PDF)

Country/entity: Bosnia and Herzegovina
Yugoslavia (former)
Region: Europe and Eurasia
Agreement name: Agreement
Date: 4 Mar 1994
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/local conflict
Balkan Conflicts (1991 - 1995) (1998 - 2001)
Former Yugoslavia

The disintegration of former Yugoslavia post cold war saw conflicts which became mediated and produced peace agreements in Slovenia (where the brief independence conflict was mediated by the EC Troika in 1991), Croatia (between Croatian and Serb populations 1991-1995), in Bosnia (between Croatian, Serb and Bosniak populations 1992-1995), in Macedonia (where mediation played a key pre-emptive role in preventing large scale conflict in 2001), in Kosovo (between Kosovar Albanians and Serbian population and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY), but also between FRY and NATO, 1998-1999), and a conflict in the Presevo Valley (between Albanians in South Serbia and FRY, 2000-2001). The continued fall-out of the disintegration of former Yugoslavia also saw mediated agreement and ultimate dissolution of the Union between Serbia and Montenegro.

Bosnia-Herzegovina

In 1991, after nationalist parties won the first multi-party elections in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, a violent process of disintegration commenced. With its mixed population, Bosnia-Herzegovina became the centre of the following civil war that began in 1992 between the newly formed army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (mostly Muslim Bosniacs), and the parastatal forces of self-declared Bosnian Croat (Herzeg-Bosnia) and Bosnian Serb (Republika Srpska) entities within Bosnia-Herzegovina, supported by Croatia and Serbia, with various, often short-lived, coalitions. The General Framework Agreement (Dayton Peace Agreement), signed in 1995, split the country into two ethno-federal entities, the Bosniak-Croat Federation and the Republika Srpska, and included continued peacekeeping and institutional administration by international actors.

Kosovo

The conflict between Serbs and Kosovar Albanians has a long history and always involved territorial disputes as well as ethno-political, cultural and linguistic factors. The most recent phase of the conflict began in November 1997 when the Albanian Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA or UCK) began their campaign for the independence of Kosovo from the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY – then Serbia and Montenegro). The subsequent war lasted until the NATO intervention, which undertook bombing campaigns of Belgrade and other places in Serbia during spring 1999. The main agreements solving the conflict were internationally driven and, finally, a UNSC resolution imposed a post-conflict arrangement in the wake of what was essentially a NATO military victory. In February 2008, Kosovo’s parliament declared independence, but independence is still internationally disputed.
Stage: Pre-negotiation/process
Conflict nature: Government/territory
Peace process: Bosnia peace process
Parties: On behalf of BiH [see PDF for signature]
On behalf of HR HB [see PDF for signature]
Third parties: Witness, UNPROFOR [unsigned]
Description: Short agreement provides for evacuation of 19 sick and elderly people from the left bank of Mostar on 10 March 1994.

Agreement document: BA_940304_Sporazum_tr.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF
Agreement document (original language): BA_940304_Sporazum_CR.pdf (opens in new tab)| Download PDF

Local agreement properties

Process type: Unable to establish
Rationale: UNPROFOR reports and testimony submitted to the ICTY, and media reporting suggests that there was a persistent practice of negotiating and signing limited agreements between the War Presidency of the eastern bank of Mostar and the HVO conducted at the Spanish Battalion UNPOFOR headquarters in Medugorje, however, it is unclear how this agreement fits with this practice.
Is there a documented link to a national peace process?: No
Link to national process: articulated rationale: The agreement does not make reference to the national process, and despite there being reported humanitarian evacuations in Moster relating to a national ceasefire at the same time, there is not enough publicly-available information to link this agreement to that process.
Name of Locale: Left bank of Mostar
Nature of Locale: Smaller
GPS Lat/Long (DD): 43.340005, 17.814459
Participant type: International or transnational actor
Local community/civilian group(s)/civil society organisations
Mediator, facilitator or similar: No mention of mediator or similar

Local issues

Ritual/prayer and process (including use of scripture): No specific mention.
Grievance List: No specific mention.
Cattle rustling/banditry: No specific mention.
Social cover: No specific mention.

Agreement

In Medjugorje on 4 March 1994, the HR HB and BiH commissions agreed to evacuate 19 sick and old

people from the left bank of Mostar according to the attached list.

Evacuation will take place on

10 March 1994.

On behalf of BiH [see PDF for signature] On behalf of HR HB [see PDF for signature]

Witness, UNPROFOR [unsigned]