Declaration of Principles for the Resolution of the Sudanese Conflict in Darfur
- Country/entity
-
Sudan
Darfur - Region
-
Africa (excl MENA)
- Agreement name
- Declaration of Principles for the Resolution of the Sudanese Conflict in Darfur
- Date
- 5 Jul 2005
- Agreement status
- Multiparty signed/agreed
- Interim arrangement
- Yes
- Agreement/conflict level
- Intrastate/intrastate conflict
- Stage
- Pre-negotiation/process
- Conflict nature
- Government/territory
- Peace process
- Darfur-Sudan peace process
- Parties
- Mohamed Yousif Abdallah, State Minister for Humanitarian Affairs, Government of the Sudan; Khamis Abdallah Abakar, Vice-President, Sudan Liberation Movement/Army (SLM/A); Ahmed Mohamed Tugod Lissan, Head of Delegation, Justice and Equality Movement (JEM)
- Third parties
- Witnessed by: Dr. Salim Ahmed Salim, the AU Special Envoy for the Peace Talks on Darfur on behalf on the Mediation
- Description
- This agreement was ultimately incorporated in Darfur Agreement. The parties reiterate their commitment to negotiate in good faith and respect previous agreements, humanitarian law and human rights. They define principles and issues that shall guide the future negotiations: the diversity of Sudan, democracy, citizenship, power and wealth sharing, refugee's right to return, reconstruction and reconciliation as well as the management of national resources. They call for broad security arrangements and for a Darfur-Darfur Dialogue and Consultation (DDDC).
- Agreement document
- SD_050705_Declaration Principles Darfur.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF
Groups
- Children/youth
- Groups→Children/youth→RhetoricalPage 2, PREAMBLE,
5. Stressing our commitment to respect international humanitarian law and promote and protect human rights, including the rights of women and children, as part of the efforts to address the prevailing situation in Darfur; - Disabled persons
No specific mention.
- Elderly/age
No specific mention.
- Migrant workers
No specific mention.
- Racial/ethnic/national group
- Groups→Racial/ethnic/national group→RhetoricalPage 2, Article 1. Respect for the diversity of the people of the Sudan is of paramount importance, as are the full recognition and accommodation of the multi-ethnic, multi-religious, as well as the development of multi-cultural character of the society. The territorial integrity and unity of the Sudan historically agreed to by the free will of its people will be enhanced by the recognition and accommodation of such diversity.Groups→Racial/ethnic/national group→Anti-discriminationPage 3, Article 2. Democracy, political pluralism, freedom a vibrant and dynamic civil society, the rule of law, the independence of the judiciary, the freedom of the media, accountability and transparency, with justice and equality for all, regardless of ethnicity, religion and gender, are a basis for the effective participation of all Sudanese citizens in the management of their own affairs and decision-making processes at all levels of governance.
Page 3, Article 3. Citizenship is the basis for civil and political rights and duties, including the freedom of expression and association for all Sudanese. No Sudanese shall be discriminated against on the basis of religion, belief, ethnicity, gender or for any other reason. This shall be incorporated into the National Constitution. - Religious groups
- Groups→Religious groups→RhetoricalPage 2, PREAMBLE,
6. Recognizing that faith, traditional values and customs as well as family as the natural and basic nucleus of society, play a positive role;
Page 2, Article 1. Respect for the diversity of the people of the Sudan is of paramount importance, as are the full recognition and accommodation of the multi-ethnic, multi-religious, as well as the development of multi-cultural character of the society. The territorial integrity and unity of the Sudan historically agreed to by the free will of its people will be enhanced by the recognition and accommodation of such diversity.Groups→Religious groups→Anti-discriminationPage 3, Article 2. Democracy, political pluralism, freedom a vibrant and dynamic civil society, the rule of law, the independence of the judiciary, the freedom of the media, accountability and transparency, with justice and equality for all, regardless of ethnicity, religion and gender, are a basis for the effective participation of all Sudanese citizens in the management of their own affairs and decision-making processes at all levels of governance.
Page 3, Article 3. Citizenship is the basis for civil and political rights and duties, including the freedom of expression and association for all Sudanese. No Sudanese shall be discriminated against on the basis of religion, belief, ethnicity, gender or for any other reason. This shall be incorporated into the National Constitution. - Indigenous people
No specific mention.
- Other groups
No specific mention.
- Refugees/displaced persons
- Groups→Refugees/displaced persons→RhetoricalPage 3, Article 9. Refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs) have an inalienable right to return to their places of origin in accordance with International Law and UN norms and standards. To this end, the Parties to the conflict and the international community shall take concrete measures to create a conducive environment to provide the necessary assistance to IDPs and Refugees.
- Social class
No specific mention.
Gender
- Women, girls and gender
- Page 1, Preamble
...
5. Stressing our commitment to respect international humanitarian law and promote and protect human rights, including the rights of women and children, as part of the efforts to address the prevailing situation in Darfur
Page 2, Article 3
Citizenship is the basis for civil and political rights and duties, including the freedom of expression and association for all Sudanese. No Sudanese shall be discriminated against on the basis of religion, belief, ethnicity, gender or for any other reason. This shall be incorporated into the National Constitution. - Men and boys
No specific mention.
- LGBTI
No specific mention.
- Family
- Page 1, PREAMBLE,
6. Recognizing that faith, traditional values and customs as well as family as the natural and basic nucleus of society, play a positive role;
State definition
- Nature of state (general)
- Page 2, PREAMBLE,
7. Reaffirming our commitment to the unity, sovereignty, territorial integrity and independence of the Sudan;
Page 2, Article 1. Respect for the diversity of the people of the Sudan is of paramount importance, as are the full recognition and accommodation of the multi-ethnic, multi-religious, as well as the development of multi-cultural character of the society. The territorial integrity and unity of the Sudan historically agreed to by the free will of its people will be enhanced by the recognition and accommodation of such diversity. - State configuration
No specific mention.
- Self determination
No specific mention.
- Referendum
No specific mention.
- State symbols
No specific mention.
- Independence/secession
No specific mention.
- Accession/unification
No specific mention.
- Border delimitation
No specific mention.
- Cross-border provision
No specific mention.
Governance
- Political institutions (new or reformed)
No specific mention.
- Elections
No specific mention.
- Electoral commission
No specific mention.
- Political parties reform
No specific mention.
- Civil society
- Page 4, Article 14. Agreements reached by the Parties shall be presented to the people of Darfur to secure their support through Darfur - Darfur dialogue and consultation.
- Traditional/religious leaders
No specific mention.
- Public administration
- Page 3, Article 4. A federal system of government, with an effective devolution of powers and a clear distribution of responsibilities between the national and other levels of governance, is considered essential for ensuring effective local participation and fair administration of Sudan in general and Darfur in particular. In this context, issues relating to the Native Administration should be addressed.
Page 3, Article 5. Effective representation in all government institutions at the national level, including the Legislative, Judicial and Executive branches, as well as economic and cultural institutions shall be ensured for effective participation by the citizens of the Sudan, including those from Darfur. - Constitution
- Governance→Constitution→Constitution affirmation/renewalPage 4, Article 12. Aiming at sustainable development, environmental degradation, water resources and land use shall be addressed. Tribal Land ownership rights (hawakeer) and other historical rights shall be affirmed within their historical borders. Traditional mechanisms in Darfur will be considered consistent with the provisions of the National Constitution.Governance→Constitution→Constitutional reform/makingPage 3, Article 3. Citizenship is the basis for civil and political rights and duties, including the freedom of expression and association for all Sudanese. No Sudanese shall be discriminated against on the basis of religion, belief, ethnicity, gender or for any other reason. This shall be incorporated into the National Constitution.
Page 4, Article 16. All Agreements reached by the Parties shall be incorporated into the National Constitution.
Power sharing
- Political power sharing
- Power sharing→Political power sharing→GeneralState levelPage 3, Article 7. Power sharing and wealth sharing shall be addressed in accordance with a fair criteria to be agreed by the Parties.
- Territorial power sharing
- Power sharing→Territorial power sharing→Federal or similar sub-divided governmentPage 3, Article 4. A federal system of government, with an effective devolution of powers and a clear distribution of responsibilities between the national and other levels of governance, is considered essential for ensuring effective local participation and fair administration of Sudan in general and Darfur in particular. In this context, issues relating to the Native Administration should be addressed.
Page 3, Article 5. Effective representation in all government institutions at the national level, including the Legislative, Judicial and Executive branches, as well as economic and cultural institutions shall be ensured for effective participation by the citizens of the Sudan, including those from Darfur.
Page 3, Article 6. National wealth shall be distributed equitably. This is essential to ensure the effectiveness of the devolution of power in Darfur, within the framework of a federal system of government, and to ensure that due consideration is given to the socioeconomic needs of Darfur. - Economic power sharing
- Power sharing→Economic power sharing→Sharing of resourcesPage 3, Article 6. National wealth shall be distributed equitably. This is essential to ensure the effectiveness of the devolution of power in Darfur, within the framework of a federal system of government, and to ensure that due consideration is given to the socioeconomic needs of Darfur.
Page 3, Article 7. Power sharing and wealth sharing shall be addressed in accordance with a fair criteria to be agreed by the Parties. - Military power sharing
No specific mention.
Human rights and equality
- Human rights/RoL general
- Page 2, PREAMBLE,
5. Stressing our commitment to respect international humanitarian law and promote and protect human rights, including the rights of women and children, as part of the efforts to address the prevailing situation in Darfur;
Page 3, Article 2. Democracy, political pluralism, freedom a vibrant and dynamic civil society, the rule of law, the independence of the judiciary, the freedom of the media, accountability and transparency, with justice and equality for all, regardless of ethnicity, religion and gender, are a basis for the effective participation of all Sudanese citizens in the management of their own affairs and decision-making processes at all levels of governance. - Bill of rights/similar
No specific mention.
- Treaty incorporation
- Page 2, PREAMBLE,
5. Stressing our commitment to respect international humanitarian law and promote and protect human rights, including the rights of women and children, as part of the efforts to address the prevailing situation in Darfur;
Page 3, Article 8. Humanitarian assistance will be provided on the basis of humanitarian principles including those enshrined in International Humanitarian Law, UN norms and standards.
Page 3, Article 9. Refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs) have an inalienable right to return to their places of origin in accordance with International Law and UN norms and standards. To this end, the Parties to the conflict and the international community shall take concrete measures to create a conducive environment to provide the necessary assistance to IDPs and Refugees. - Civil and political rights
- Human rights and equality→Civil and political rights→EqualityPage 3, Article 2. Democracy, political pluralism, freedom a vibrant and dynamic civil society, the rule of law, the independence of the judiciary, the freedom of the media, accountability and transparency, with justice and equality for all, regardless of ethnicity, religion and gender, are a basis for the effective participation of all Sudanese citizens in the management of their own affairs and decision-making processes at all levels of governance.
Page 3, Article 3. Citizenship is the basis for civil and political rights and duties, including the freedom of expression and association for all Sudanese. No Sudanese shall be discriminated against on the basis of religion, belief, ethnicity, gender or for any other reason. This shall be incorporated into the National Constitution.Human rights and equality→Civil and political rights→Freedom of associationPage 3, Article 3. Citizenship is the basis for civil and political rights and duties, including the freedom of expression and association for all Sudanese. No Sudanese shall be discriminated against on the basis of religion, belief, ethnicity, gender or for any other reason. This shall be incorporated into the National Constitution.Human rights and equality→Civil and political rights→Thought, opinion, conscience and religionPage 3, Article 3. Citizenship is the basis for civil and political rights and duties, including the freedom of expression and association for all Sudanese. No Sudanese shall be discriminated against on the basis of religion, belief, ethnicity, gender or for any other reason. This shall be incorporated into the National Constitution. - Socio-economic rights
No specific mention.
Rights related issues
- Citizenship
- Rights related issues→Citizenship→Citizens, specific rightsPage 3, Article 3. Citizenship is the basis for civil and political rights and duties, including the freedom of expression and association for all Sudanese. No Sudanese shall be discriminated against on the basis of religion, belief, ethnicity, gender or for any other reason. This shall be incorporated into the National Constitution.
- Democracy
- Page 3, Article 2. Democracy, political pluralism, freedom a vibrant and dynamic civil society, the rule of law, the independence of the judiciary, the freedom of the media, accountability and transparency, with justice and equality for all, regardless of ethnicity, religion and gender, are a basis for the effective participation of all Sudanese citizens in the management of their own affairs and decision-making processes at all levels of governance.
- Detention procedures
No specific mention.
- Media and communication
- Rights related issues→Media and communication→Media rolesPage 3, Article 2. Democracy, political pluralism, freedom a vibrant and dynamic civil society, the rule of law, the independence of the judiciary, the freedom of the media, accountability and transparency, with justice and equality for all, regardless of ethnicity, religion and gender, are a basis for the effective participation of all Sudanese citizens in the management of their own affairs and decision-making processes at all levels of governance.
- Mobility/access
No specific mention.
- Protection measures
No specific mention.
- Other
No specific mention.
Rights institutions
- NHRI
No specific mention.
- Regional or international human rights institutions
No specific mention.
Justice sector reform
- Criminal justice and emergency law
No specific mention.
- State of emergency provisions
No specific mention.
- Judiciary and courts
- Page 3, Article 2. Democracy, political pluralism, freedom a vibrant and dynamic civil society, the rule of law, the independence of the judiciary, the freedom of the media, accountability and transparency, with justice and equality for all, regardless of ethnicity, religion and gender, are a basis for the effective participation of all Sudanese citizens in the management of their own affairs and decision-making processes at all levels of governance.
- Prisons and detention
No specific mention.
- Traditional Laws
- Page 4, Article 12. Aiming at sustainable development, environmental degradation, water resources and land use shall be addressed. Tribal Land ownership rights (hawakeer) and other historical rights shall be affirmed within their historical borders. Traditional mechanisms in Darfur will be considered consistent with the provisions of the National Constitution.
Socio-economic reconstruction
- Development or socio-economic reconstruction
- Socio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Humanitarian assistancePage 3, Article 8. Humanitarian assistance will be provided on the basis of humanitarian principles including those enshrined in International Humanitarian Law, UN norms and standards.
Page 3, Article 9. Refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs) have an inalienable right to return to their places of origin in accordance with International Law and UN norms and standards. To this end, the Parties to the conflict and the international community shall take concrete measures to create a conducive environment to provide the necessary assistance to IDPs and Refugees.
Page 3, Article 10. Rehabilitation and reconstruction of Darfur is a priority; to that end, steps shall be taken to compensate the people of Darfur and address grievances for lives lost, assets destroyed or stolen, and suffering caused.
Page 4, Article 12. Aiming at sustainable development, environmental degradation, water resources and land use shall be addressed. Tribal Land ownership rights (hawakeer) and other historical rights shall be affirmed within their historical borders. Traditional mechanisms in Darfur will be considered consistent with the provisions of the National Constitution. - National economic plan
No specific mention.
- Natural resources
No specific mention.
- International funds
- Page 4, Article 15. The guarantee of the AU and assistance of the international community shall be sought to ensure the implementation of Agreements reached for the resolution of the conflict in Darfur.
- Business
No specific mention.
- Taxation
No specific mention.
- Banks
No specific mention.
Land, property and environment
- Land reform/rights
- Land, property and environment→Land reform/rights→Land reform and managementPage 4, Article 12. Aiming at sustainable development, environmental degradation, water resources and land use shall be addressed. Tribal Land ownership rights (hawakeer) and other historical rights shall be affirmed within their historical borders. Traditional mechanisms in Darfur will be considered consistent with the provisions of the National Constitution.
- Pastoralist/nomadism rights
- Page 4, Article 12. Aiming at sustainable development, environmental degradation, water resources and land use shall be addressed. Tribal Land ownership rights (hawakeer) and other historical rights shall be affirmed within their historical borders. Traditional mechanisms in Darfur will be considered consistent with the provisions of the National Constitution.
- Cultural heritage
- Land, property and environment→Cultural heritage→PromotionPage 3, Article 11. The promotion of reconciliation, the restoration of the traditional and time honored peaceful coexistence among the communities of Darfur, based on the principle of mutual respect, and the commitment to prevent future divisions are essential to restore and sustain lasting peace and stability in Darfur.Land, property and environment→Cultural heritage→OtherPage 2, PREAMBLE,
6. Recognizing that faith, traditional values and customs as well as family as the natural and basic nucleus of society, play a positive role; - Environment
- Page 3, Article 9. Refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs) have an inalienable right to return to their places of origin in accordance with International Law and UN norms and standards. To this end, the Parties to the conflict and the international community shall take concrete measures to create a conducive environment to provide the necessary assistance to IDPs and Refugees.
- Water or riparian rights or access
- Page 4, Article 12. Aiming at sustainable development, environmental degradation, water resources and land use shall be addressed. Tribal Land ownership rights (hawakeer) and other historical rights shall be affirmed within their historical borders. Traditional mechanisms in Darfur will be considered consistent with the provisions of the National Constitution.
Security sector
- Security Guarantees
- Page 2, PREAMBLE,
4. Convinced that the core of the current conflict in Darfur is political and socioeconomic which can only be resolved through peaceful means and within the framework of a comprehensive settlement that addresses its various causes and aspects;
Page 4, Article 13. Broad security arrangements to consolidate the restoration of peace shall be addressed in the context of a Comprehensive Agreement. - Ceasefire
No specific mention.
- Police
No specific mention.
- Armed forces
No specific mention.
- DDR
No specific mention.
- Intelligence services
No specific mention.
- Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces
No specific mention.
- Withdrawal of foreign forces
No specific mention.
- Corruption
No specific mention.
- Crime/organised crime
No specific mention.
- Drugs
No specific mention.
- Terrorism
No specific mention.
Transitional justice
- Transitional justice general
No specific mention.
- Amnesty/pardon
No specific mention.
- Courts
No specific mention.
- Mechanism
No specific mention.
- Prisoner release
No specific mention.
- Vetting
No specific mention.
- Victims
No specific mention.
- Missing persons
No specific mention.
- Reparations
- Transitional justice→Reparations→Material reparationsPage 3, Article 10. Rehabilitation and reconstruction of Darfur is a priority; to that end, steps shall be taken to compensate the people of Darfur and address grievances for lives lost, assets destroyed or stolen, and suffering caused.
- Reconciliation
- Page 2, PREAMBLE,
4. Convinced that the core of the current conflict in Darfur is political and socioeconomic which can only be resolved through peaceful means and within the framework of a comprehensive settlement that addresses its various causes and aspects;
Page 3, Article 11. The promotion of reconciliation, the restoration of the traditional and time honored peaceful coexistence among the communities of Darfur, based on the principle of mutual respect, and the commitment to prevent future divisions are essential to restore and sustain lasting peace and stability in Darfur.
Implementation
- UN signatory
No specific mention.
- Other international signatory
- Witnessed by: Dr. Salim Ahmed Salim, the AU Special Envoy for the Peace Talks on Darfur on behalf on the Mediation
- Referendum for agreement
No specific mention.
- International mission/force/similar
- Page 4, Article 15. The guarantee of the AU and assistance of the international community shall be sought to ensure the implementation of Agreements reached for the resolution of the conflict in Darfur.
- Enforcement mechanism
No specific mention.
- Related cases
No specific mention.
- Source
- UN Peacemaker
http://peacemaker.un.org/
http://peacemaker.un.org/sudan-declaration-resolution-darfur2005
DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES FOR THE RESOLUTION OF THE SUDANESE CONFLICT IN DARFUR
1. We, the Government of the Sudan (hereinafter the GoS), the Sudan Liberation Movement/Army (SLM/A) and the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM), henceforth referred to as the Parties, meeting in Abuja, Nigeria, under the auspices of the African Union (AU), as part of the efforts to find a lasting solution to the conflict in Darfur;
2. Reiterating our commitment to our previous agreements, namely the Humanitarian Ceasefire Agreement signed in N'djamena, Chad, on 8 April 2004 the Agreement on the Modalities for the Establishment of the Ceasefire Commission (CFC) and the Deployment of Observers signed in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, on 28 May 2004, as well as the Protocols on the Improvement of the Humanitarian Situation in Darfur and on the Enhancement of the Security Situation in Darfur, both signed in Abuja, Nigeria, on 9 November 2004;
3. Reaffirming our commitment to the full implementation of relevant UN Security Council resolutions and African Union decisions stressing the need to reach a political solution in order to bring the conflict in Darfur to an end;
4. Convinced that the core of the current conflict in Darfur is political and socio- economic which can only be resolved through peaceful means and within the framework of a comprehensive settlement that addresses its various causes and aspects;
5. Stressing our commitment to respect international humanitarian law and promote and protect human rights, including the rights of women and children, as part of the efforts to address the prevailing situation in Darfur;
6. Recognizing that faith, traditional values and customs as well as family as the natural and basic nucleus of society, play a positive role;
7. Reaffirming our commitment to the unity, sovereignty, territorial integrity and independence of the Sudan;
8. Recognizing that the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement between the Government of the Sudan (GoS) and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Army (SPLM/A), on 9 January 2005, constitutes a significant step towards finding a just, peaceful and lasting solution to the conflict in the Sudan.
Agree that the following principles shall guide our future deliberations and constitute the basis for a just, comprehensive and durable settlement of the conflict in Darfur:
1. Respect for the diversity of the people of the Sudan is of paramount importance, as are the full recognition and accommodation of the multi-ethnic, multi-religious, as well as the development of multi-cultural character of the society.
The territorial integrity and unity of the Sudan historically agreed to by the free will of its people will be enhanced by the recognition and accommodation of such diversity.
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2. Democracy, political pluralism, freedom a vibrant and dynamic civil society, the rule of law, the independence of the judiciary, the freedom of the media, accountability and transparency, with justice and equality for all, regardless of ethnicity, religion and gender, are a basis for the effective participation of all Sudanese citizens in the management of their own affairs and decision-making processes at all levels of governance.
3. Citizenship is the basis for civil and political rights and duties, including the freedom of expression and association for all Sudanese.
No Sudanese shall be discriminated against on the basis of religion, belief, ethnicity, gender or for any other reason.
This shall be incorporated into the National Constitution.
4. A federal system of government, with an effective devolution of powers and a clear distribution of responsibilities between the national and other levels of governance, is considered essential for ensuring effective local participation and fair administration of Sudan in general and Darfur in particular.
In this context, issues relating to the Native Administration should be addressed.
5. Effective representation in all government institutions at the national level, including the Legislative, Judicial and Executive branches, as well as economic and cultural institutions shall be ensured for effective participation by the citizens of the Sudan, including those from Darfur.
6. National wealth shall be distributed equitably.
This is essential to ensure the effectiveness of the devolution of power in Darfur, within the framework of a federal system of government, and to ensure that due consideration is given to the socio- economic needs of Darfur.
7. Power sharing and wealth sharing shall be addressed in accordance with a fair criteria to be agreed by the Parties.
8. Humanitarian assistance will be provided on the basis of humanitarian principles including those enshrined in International Humanitarian Law, UN norms and standards.
9. Refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs) have an inalienable right to return to their places of origin in accordance with International Law and UN norms and standards.
To this end, the Parties to the conflict and the international community shall take concrete measures to create a conducive environment to provide the necessary assistance to IDPs and Refugees.
10. Rehabilitation and reconstruction of Darfur is a priority;
to that end, steps shall be taken to compensate the people of Darfur and address grievances for lives lost, assets destroyed or stolen, and suffering caused.
11. The promotion of reconciliation, the restoration of the traditional and time honored peaceful coexistence among the communities of Darfur, based on the principle of mutual respect, and the commitment to prevent future divisions are essential to restore and sustain lasting peace and stability in Darfur.
12. Aiming at sustainable development, environmental degradation, water resources and land use shall be addressed.
Tribal Land ownership rights (hawakeer) and other historical rights shall be affirmed within their historical borders.
Traditional mechanisms in Darfur will be considered consistent with the provisions of the National Constitution.
13. Broad security arrangements to consolidate the restoration of peace shall be addressed in the context of a Comprehensive Agreement.
14. Agreements reached by the Parties shall be presented to the people of Darfur to secure their support through Darfur - Darfur dialogue and consultation.
15. The guarantee of the AU and assistance of the international community shall be sought to ensure the implementation of Agreements reached for the resolution of the conflict in Darfur.
16. All Agreements reached by the Parties shall be incorporated into the National Constitution.
17. The Parties commit themselves to undertake negotiations to end the conflict in Darfur in good faith.
For the Government of the Sudan
Mohamed ¥usif Abdallah
State Minister for Humanitarian Affairs
For the Sudan Liberation Movement/Army
Khamis Abdallah Abakar Vice-President
Witnessed by:
The AU Special Envoy for the
Peace Talks on Darfur on behalf of the Mediation
Dr. Salim Ahmed Salim
Abuja, 5 July 2005
For the Justice and Equality Movement
Ahmed Mohamed Tugod Lissan Head of Delegation