Cessation of Hostilities Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Uganda and the LRA/M (Addendum 1)

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Country/entity: Uganda
Region: Africa (excl MENA)
Agreement name: Cessation of Hostilities Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Uganda and the LRA/M (Addendum 1)
Date: 1 Nov 2006
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Ugandan Conflicts (1970 - )
Uganda has long experienced tensions along ethnic, religious and national lines. On independence in 1962, Ugandan politics were defined by smaller monarchies, among which the Southern Kingdom of Buganda dominated the national sphere. Resistance to this system was the campaign platform of the Uganda People’s Congress (UPC) led by Milton Obote, who won the 1962 elections. Tension between the Buganda’s ruler King Mutesa II and Obote with his then-ally Idi Amin, led to Obote changing the constitution, abolishing the monarchic system and thus, centralizing power. However, a split between Obote and Amin eventually led to a military coup d’état in 1970, which brought Amin the presidency where he instituted his genocidal regime.

Despite economic collapse, President Amin was only removed from power following a failed attempt at invading Tanzania in 1979, whereby the Tanzanian counter-attack alongside forces loyal to former-President Obote toppled Amin. Authoritarianism continued under the new regime, after Obote won the 1980 elections under dubious circumstances, and in 1985, Obote was once again deposed in a coup. Out of the fray, Yoweri Museveni and the National Resistance Army (NRA) captured the presidency in 1986 and began instituting economic and democratic reforms.

Resistance to Museveni, however, continued with various insurgencies across the country including by former-supporters of President Obote or President Amin. Other insurgencies based on chiliastic beliefs based on the return of Jesus Christ, most notably the Holy Spirit Movement, fought in the late 1980s before splintering into several smaller factions. One such faction later became the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) led by Joseph Kony. Many of the 22 or more insurgency groups estimated to contain more than 40,000 insurgents, operate from across the Ugandan border and are based in either South Sudan or the Democratic Republic of Congo.
Stage: Ceasefire/related
Conflict nature: Government
Peace process: Uganda peace process
Parties: Hon. Ruhakana Rugunda (Dr)
Minister of Internal Affairs and Head of GoU Delegation

Mr. Martin Ojul
Leader of the LRA/M Delegation
Third parties: Witnessed by:
H.E. Lt. General Riek Machar Teny-Dhurgon (PhD)
Vice President, Government of Southern Sudan, and Mediator of the Peace Talks.
Description: Following difficulties in the implementation of the Cessation of Hostilities Agreement (26/08/2006), under which the Parties agreed to cease all hostile military and other actions, the Addendum recommits the parties to implementing the terms of the renewed Agreement. The Addendum specify acts that constitute violations of the Agreement and the Peace Talks, and commits to the continuous review the implementation of the Agreement.

Agreement document: UG_061116_addendum 1.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: Page 3, Article 4 Additional Obligations of the Government of Southern Sudan,
(c) The Government of Southern Sudan shall ensure security in the general area East of Nimule -Juba Road to the satisfaction of the Parties

Page 2, Article 4 Additional Obligations of the Government of Southern Sudan,
a) During the subsistence of the Agreement, the Government of Southern Sudan Shall ensure that the LRA does not acquire, recover or replenish arms and ammunitions within its territory.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: Page 2, Article 2 Violations
a) Any attacks, threats or acts of violence directed against the other Party and/or civilians and/ or persons by either Party or both Parties.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: No specific mention.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: Security sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provision
Page 4, Article 8 Review of Implementation,
The Agreement shall lapse upon the signing of a formal ceasefire agreement between the Parties.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: No specific mention.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: Witnessed by:
H.E. Lt. General Riek Machar Teny-Dhurgon (PhD)
Vice President, Government of Southern Sudan, and Mediator of the Peace Talks.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism: Page 3-4, Article 6 Monitoring
a) Every effort shall be made to ensure that the African Union or any other body acceptable to the Parties appoints military or other personnel to assist in the implementation of the Agreement.

Page 4, Article 8 Review of Implementation,
The implementation of the Agreement shall be reviewed at least once a month and the Agreement shall lapse upon the signing of a formal ceasefire agreement between the Parties.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: UN Peacemaker. Available at https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/UG_061116_Agreement%20on%20Cessation%20of%20hostilities%20addendum%201.pdf (Accessed on January 10, 2020).

CESSATION OF HOSTILITIES AGREEMENT

BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA AND THE LORD’S RESISTANCE ARMY/MOVEMENT

JUBA, SUDAN

ADDENDUM 1

Preamble:

WHEREAS:

a. The Government of the Republic of Uganda (GOU) and the Lord’s Resistance Army/Movement (LRA/M) (hereinafter referred to as “the Parties”) signed a Cessation of Hostilities Agreement (the Agreement) on the 26th August 2006, under which the Parties agreed to cease all hostile military and other actions and propaganda aimed at each other, that may undermine the Peace Talks;

b. Some difficulties have been experienced in the implementation of the Agreement, necessitating review of the Agreement;

c. The Parties, in accordance with Articles 8 and 11 of the Agreement, have agreed to review and have reviewed the said Agreement.

Now therefore the Parties agree as follows:

1. Recommitment of the Parties

a) This Addendum shall form part of the Agreement, and the Parties hereby recommit themselves to implementing the terms of the Agreement and the Addendum.

b) In case of any conflict and/or inconsistency between this Addendum and the Agreement the provisions of this Addendum shall prevail to the extent of such conflict or inconsistency.

2. Violations Pursuant to Article 1 of the Agreement, the following shall constitute violations of the Agreement and shall be deemed to be actions that may undermine the Peace Talks:

a) Any attacks, threats or acts of violence directed against the other Party and/or civilians and/or any other person or persons by either Party or both Parties.

b) Subject to the provisions of section 4 (e) below, failure by the LRA to assemble or to remain in the designated Assembly Areas.

c) Removal of food and/or service support from the Assembly Areas.

d) Obstruction of the activities of the Cessation of Hostilities Monitoring Team (CHMT).

e) Acquisition, recovery or replenishment of arms, ammunition or other military equipment by the LRA within Southern Sudan.

f) Other acts investigated by the CHMT and/or determined by the Mediator to be violations of the Agreement.

3. Determination on Hostile Propaganda

a) The Mediator shall, on receipt of any complaint arising from Article 2 of the Agreement, refer the matter to the CHMT, if the complaint is not made by the CHMT, determine whether the complaint discloses any act(s) or omission(s) that undermine(s) the standing of a party by the other.

b) Upon receiving a report of such determination the Mediator shall convene a meeting of both Parties to discuss how such a violation can be handled.

4. Additional Obligations of the Government of Southern Sudan

a) During the subsistence of the Agreement, the Government of Southern Sudan shall ensure that the LRA does not acquire, recover or replenish arms and ammunitions within its territory.

b) Save in the most exceptional circumstances as shall be determined by the CHMT, and with the consent of the Mediator, there shall be no supply of food and/or service support to the LRA outside an Assembly Area.

c) The Government of Southern Sudan shall ensure security in the general area East of Nimule – Juba Road to the satisfaction of the Parties.

d) Special arrangements shall be made for the personal security and protection of the property of the members of the CHMT and the LRA delegation, and in the event that the Peace Talks fail, they shall be guaranteed safe passage or escorted to safety.

e) The Government of Southern Sudan shall ensure adequate security, logistical and service support to the LRA Assembly Areas and such security, logistical and service support shall be confirmed by the Mediator and/or verified by the CHMT.

f) The Mediator shall provide to the Parties and the CHMT maps delineating the Assembly Areas described in section 5 of this Addendum.

5. Assembly Areas

a) During the subsistence of the Agreement the LRA in Southern Sudan shall assemble its forces within 15 (fifteen) kilometers radius from the administrative headquarters of Owiny-Ki-Bul and 10 (ten) kilometers radius from the administrative headquarters of Ri-Kwangba within the Sudan.

b) The forces of the Parties shall remain as far apart as 15 (fifteen) kilometers of the specified perimeters of the Assembly Area at Owiny-Ki-Bul.

c) Except with the express permission of the Mediator, and with notification of the CHMT, nobody shall visit the LRA Assembly Areas.

6. Monitoring

a) Every effort shall be made to ensure that the African Union or any other body acceptable to the Parties appoints military or other personnel to assist in the implementation of the Agreement.

b) Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 9 (a) iii of the Agreement, the CHMT shall be deemed to be and to have been validly constituted whenever the Team Leader and two representatives of each Party are present.

c) The status of subsections (a) and (b) of this section shall be reviewed not later than December 1, 2006.

d) The members of the CHMT shall enjoy full protection of both Parties.

7. Assembling

a) The LRA east of the Nile, within Southern Sudan, shall complete assembling in Owiny-Ki-Bul within one week after the signature of this Addendum and after section 4 (e) has been complied with.

b) The Mediator shall provide logistical and service support at RiKwangba within two weeks after the signature of this Addendum.

c) After the provision of the logistical and service support at RiKwangba, the LRA shall within two weeks complete assembling of their forces.

d) Within one week of the assembly of the LRA within Owiny-Ki-Bul, the LRA shall provide all relevant information to the Mediator concerning members of the LRA who may still be in Uganda.

e) The Mediator, the CHMT and the LRA shall ensure that the LRA forces remaining in Uganda relocate to Owiny-Ki-Bul within two weeks.

8. Review of Implementation The implementation of the Agreement shall be reviewed at least once a month and the Agreement shall lapse upon the signing of a formal ceasefire agreement between the Parties.

In witness whereof, the duly authorized representatives of the Parties have signed this Addendum at Juba on the 1st day of November 2006

Hon. Ruhakana Rugunda (Dr)

Minister of Internal Affairs and Delegation Head of GoU Delegation

Mr. Martin Ojul

Leader of the LRA/M

Witnessed by:

H.E. Lt.

General Riek Machar Teny-Dhurgon (PhD)

Vice President, Government of Southern Sudan And Mediator of the Peace Talks.