Agreement on Comprehensive Solutions between the Government of the Republic of Uganda and the LRA/M

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Country/entity: Uganda
Region: Africa (excl MENA)
Agreement name: Agreement on Comprehensive Solutions between the Government of the Republic of Uganda and the LRA/M
Date: 2 May 2007
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Ugandan Conflicts (1970 - )
Uganda has long experienced tensions along ethnic, religious and national lines. On independence in 1962, Ugandan politics were defined by smaller monarchies, among which the Southern Kingdom of Buganda dominated the national sphere. Resistance to this system was the campaign platform of the Uganda People’s Congress (UPC) led by Milton Obote, who won the 1962 elections. Tension between the Buganda’s ruler King Mutesa II and Obote with his then-ally Idi Amin, led to Obote changing the constitution, abolishing the monarchic system and thus, centralizing power. However, a split between Obote and Amin eventually led to a military coup d’état in 1970, which brought Amin the presidency where he instituted his genocidal regime.

Despite economic collapse, President Amin was only removed from power following a failed attempt at invading Tanzania in 1979, whereby the Tanzanian counter-attack alongside forces loyal to former-President Obote toppled Amin. Authoritarianism continued under the new regime, after Obote won the 1980 elections under dubious circumstances, and in 1985, Obote was once again deposed in a coup. Out of the fray, Yoweri Museveni and the National Resistance Army (NRA) captured the presidency in 1986 and began instituting economic and democratic reforms.

Resistance to Museveni, however, continued with various insurgencies across the country including by former-supporters of President Obote or President Amin. Other insurgencies based on chiliastic beliefs based on the return of Jesus Christ, most notably the Holy Spirit Movement, fought in the late 1980s before splintering into several smaller factions. One such faction later became the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) led by Joseph Kony. Many of the 22 or more insurgency groups estimated to contain more than 40,000 insurgents, operate from across the Ugandan border and are based in either South Sudan or the Democratic Republic of Congo.
Stage: Framework/substantive - partial
Conflict nature: Government
Peace process: Uganda peace process
Parties: In witness of the above, the duly authorize representatives of the Parties have signed this Agreement.

Hon. Okello Henry Oryem, Minister of State for International Relations; Deputy Head of GOU and Acting Head of GoU Delegation

Mr. Martin Ojul, Leader of the LRA/M Delegation
Third parties: Witnessed by:

H.E. Dr. Samson L. Kwaje, Minister for Information and Broadcasting, Government of Southern Sudan and Acting Mediator of the Peace Talks

H.E. Japhaeth R. Getugi For the Government of Republic of Kenya

H.E. Francisco Caetano Madeira, For the Republic of Mozambique

Lt.-Gen (Rtd) Gillbert Lebeko Ramano, For the Republic of South Africa

H.E. Ali I. Siwa, For the Government of the United Republic of Tanzania

W. David Gressly, UN Deputy Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator Southern Sudan
Description: Recognising the impact of the conflict, including the regional disparities and imbalances in the country, the Agreement is committed to finding comprehensive, just and durable solutions to the conflict between the parties. The agreement includes, inter alia, provisions on inclusiveness and equal opportunities in participation in national politics and state institutions, including the government, the judiciary, security organs, and promotes economic and social development of north and north-eastern Uganda.

Agreement document: UG_070502_ComprehensiveSolutions.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: Groups→Children/youth→Substantive
Page 7, C: PARTICIPATION IN NATIONAL POLITICS AND INSTITUTIONS, Article 8,Institutional Arrangements for Security Organs
...8.3 The Parties affirm that the children of the departed LRA combatants shall benefit alongside other conflict-affected children from the policies of Universal Primary Education (UPE) and Universal Post-Primary Education and Training (UPPET).

Page 9, E: ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF NORTH AND NORTH EASTER UGANDA, Article 12 Vulnerable Groups
...12.2 The Parties that the Government of Uganda shall in accordance with existing policies and through special assistance programmes in the affected areas make appropriate provision for vulnerable groups and in particular shall protect, resettle and promote the advancement of child-headed households, orphans, street children, unaccompanied minors, traumatized children, widows, female-headed households, persons with disabilities (PWDs), persons living with HIV/AIDS and the elderly.
Disabled persons: Groups→Disabled persons→Rhetorical
PAGE 3, C: PARTICIPATION IN NATIONAL POLITICS AND INSTITUTIONS,
2.0 Principles of Governance
...2.1.f. The Government shall take affirmative action in favour of groups marginalised on the basis of gender, age, disability or any other reasons created by history, tradition or custom, for the purpose of redressing imbalances, which may exist against them.
Groups→Disabled persons→Anti-discrimination
PAGE 5, C: PARTICIPATION IN NATIONAL POLITICS AND INSTITUTIONS
5.0 Ensuring equal opportunities
The Parties agree that the recently enacted Equal Opportunities Law, shall be used to ensure equal treatment of all groups within Uganda; including, the elimination of inequalities and discrimination against any individual or group of persons on the ground of disability.
Groups→Disabled persons→Substantive
Page 9, E: ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF NORTH AND NORTH EASTER UGANDA,
12 Vulnerable Groups
...12.2 The Parties that the Government of Uganda shall in accordance with existing policies and through special assistance programmes in the affected areas make appropriate provision for vulnerable groups and in particular shall protect, resettle and promote the advancement of child-headed households, orphans, street children, unaccompanied minors, traumatized children, widows, female-headed households, persons with disabilities (PWDs), persons living with HIV/AIDS and the elderly.
Elderly/age: Groups→Elderly/age→Substantive
Page 9, E: ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF NORTH AND NORTH EASTER UGANDA,
Article 12 Vulnerable Groups
...12.2 The Parties that the Government of Uganda shall in accordance with existing policies and through special assistance programmes in the affected areas make appropriate provision for vulnerable groups and in particular shall protect, resettle and promote the advancement of child-headed households, orphans, street children, unaccompanied minors, traumatized children, widows, female-headed households, persons with disabilities (PWDs), persons living with HIV/AIDS and the elderly.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: Groups→Racial/ethnic/national group→Rhetorical
Page 3, C: PARTICIPATION IN NATIONAL POLITICS AND INSTITUTIONS,
Article 2 Principles of Governance
...
2.1.c. Every effort shall be made to integrate all the peoples of Uganda in governance while at the same time recognizing the existence of their ethnic, religious, ideological, political and cultural diversities.
Groups→Racial/ethnic/national group→Anti-discrimination
Page 5, C: PARTICIPATION IN NATIONAL POLITICS AND INSTITUTIONS,
Article 5 Ensuring Equal Opportunities
The Parties agree that the recently enacted Equal Opportunities Law, shall be used to ensure equal treatment of all groups within Uganda; specifically, the elimination of inequalities and discrimination against any individual or group of persons on the ground of ethnic origin, social or economic standing, gender, disability, or political opinion
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: Groups→Indigenous people→Substantive
Page 10, E: ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF NORTH AND NORTH EASTER UGANDA
Article 14 Issues Relating to Land
...
14.4 The Parties agree that no customary or communal land and in north eastern Uganda shall be sold or purchased without the express consent of the concerned community.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: Groups→Refugees/displaced persons→Rhetorical
Page 7, D: RETURN, RESETTLEMENT AND REHABILITATION OF INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS

Article 9 Humanitarian Interventions on Impact of the Conflict

9.1 The Parties commit themselves to ending the conflict and thereby ensuring the conditions for the voluntary, dignified and secure return of all IDPs in accordance with the principles adopted in the IDP Policy.

9.2 The Parties agree that the Government shall avail resources to facilitate the process of return of IDPs.

9.3 The Parties call upon the international community to continue and increase its assistance to the people of the affected areas in ameliorating the impact of the conflict.
Groups→Refugees/displaced persons→Substantive
Page 10, E: ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF NORTH AND NORTH EASTERN UGANDA
Article 14 Issues Relating to Land

...

14.5 Land owners whose land have been used for settlement of internally displaced persons or establishment of barracks and detaches, shall be entitled to repossess their land or to receive fair and just compensation.

Page 9, E: ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF NORTH AND NORTH EASTER UGANDA, Article 12 Vulnerable Groups

...

12.2 The Parties that the Government of Uganda shall in accordance with existing policies and through special assistance programmes in the affected areas make appropriate provision for vulnerable groups and in particular shall protect, resettle and promote the advancement of child-headed households, orphans, street children, unaccompanied minors, traumatized children, widows, female-headed households, persons with disabilities (PWDs), persons living with HIV/AIDS and the elderly.
Social class: Groups→Social class→Anti-discrimination
Page 5, Page 3, C: PARTICIPATION IN NATIONAL POLITICS AND INSTITUTIONS, Article 5 Ensuring equal opportunities
The Parties agree that the recently enacted Equal Opportunities Law, shall be used to ensure equal treatment of all groups within Uganda; specifically, the elimination of inequalities and discrimination against any individual or group of persons on the ground of ethnic origin, social or economic standing, gender, disability, or political opinion.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: C: PARTICIPATION IN NATIONAL POLITICS AND INSTITUTIONS

2.1.b. The composition of Government shall be broadly representative of the national character gender and social diversity of the country. (p. 3)
2.1.f. The Government shall take affirmative action in favour of groups marginalised on the basis of gender, age, disability or any other reason created by history, tradition or custom, for the purpose of redressing imbalances which may exist against them. (p. 4)

5.0 Ensuring equal opportunities

The Parties agree that the recently enacted Equal Opportunities Law, shall be used to ensure equal treatment of all groups within Uganda; specifically, the elimination of inequalities and discrimination against any individual or group of persons on the ground of ethnic origin, social or economic standing, gender, disability, or political opinion. (p.5)

Page 9, E. ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF NORTH AND NORTH EASTERN UGANDA
Article 12. Vulnerable Groups
12.2 The Parties agree that the Government of Uganda shall in accordance with existing policies and through special assistance programmes in the affected areas make appropriate provision for vulnerable groups and in particular shall protect, resettle and promote the advancement of child-headed households, orphans, street children, unaccompanied minors, traumatized children, widows, female-headed households, persons with disabilities (PWDs), persons living with HIV/AIDS and the elderly.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): Page 1, PREAMBLE,

Cognizant of the vision and ideals of the people of Uganda enshrined in the Constitution and laws of the Republic of Uganda and in international charters and conventions, which promote, among others, national unity, equality, peaceful and harmonious co-existence, representation of all in and by the Government, national reconciliation, fundamental freedoms and affirmative action to redress any imbalances;

PAGE 3, C: PARTICIPATION IN NATIONAL POLITICS AND INSTITUTIONS
Article 2.0 Principles of Governance

2.1. The Parties shall adhere to the following objectives and directive principles enshrined in the Constitution as the guiding principles in the implementation of this Agreement:

2.1.a. The State shall be based on democratic principles, which empower and encourage the active participate of all citizens at all levels in their own governance.

2.1.b. The Composition of Government shall be broadly representative of the national character, gender and social diversity of the country.

Page 5, C: PARTICIPATION IN NATIONAL POLITICS AND INSTITUTIONS
Article 3 System of Government

3.1. All power belongs to the people who shall exercise their sovereignty in accordance with the Constitution.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: Page 5, C: PARTICIPATION IN NATIONAL POLITICS AND INSTITUTIONS
Article 3 System of Government

...

3.4. The parties also recognise the constitutional duty of parliament to enact a law providing for the right of citizens to request the Electoral Commission to hold a referendum on any issue.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: Page 5, C: PARTICIPATION IN NATIONAL POLITICS AND INSTITUTIONS
Article 3 System of Government

...

3.4. The parties also recognise the constitutional duty of parliament to enact a law providing for the right of citizens to request the Electoral Commission to hold a referendum on any issue.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: Page 11, F: TRANSITIONAL SECURITY ARRANGEMENTS

Article 17 Stakeholders’ Conference

After the final Peace Agreement has been signed, the mediator in consultation with the parties shall convene a meeting in Uganda comprised of political, Civic, Religious, Traditional leaders e.t.c to sensitize them on the provisions of the agreement, their role in its implementation and to disseminate the information to the grassroots.
Traditional/religious leaders: Page 11, F: TRANSITIONAL SECURITY ARRANGEMENTS

Article 17 Stakeholders’ Conference
After the final Peace Agreement has been signed, the mediator in consultation with the parties shall convene a meeting in Uganda comprised of political, Civic, Religious, Traditional leaders e.t.c to sensitize them on the provisions of the agreement, their role in its implementation and to disseminate the information to the grassroots.
Public administration: In the conduct of public affairs, leaders shall use constructive and unifying language.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: Power sharing→Political power sharing→General
State level
Page 3,
C: PARTICIPATION IN NATIONAL POLITICS AND INSTITUTIONS

2.0 Principles of Governance.

2. l The Parties shall adhere to the following objectives and directive principles enshrined in the Constitution as the guiding principles in the implementation of this Agreement:

a) The State shall be based on democratic principles, which empower and encourage the active participation of all citizens at all levels in their own governance.

b) The composition of Government shall be broadly representative of the national character, gender and social diversity of the country.

e) Every effort shall be made to integrate all the peoples of Uganda in governance while at the same time recognizing the existence of their ethnic, religious, ideological, political and cultural diversities.

d) The Government shall take necessary measures to bring about balanced development of different areas of Uganda and between the rural and urban areas.

e) The Government shall take special measures in favour of development of the least developed areas.

f) The Government shall take affirmative action in favour of groups marginalised on the basis of gender, age, disability or any other reason created by history, tradition or custom, for the purpose of redressing imbalances which may exist against them.

g) All persons are equal before and under the law in all spheres of political, social and cultural life, and in every other respect and shall enjoy equal protection of the law.

h) The Parties affirm that there shall be no arbitrary detentions.

Page 5-6
6.0 Participation in State Institutions.

6.1 The Parties agree that the Government shall, through the Equal Opportunities Commission, review and assess the nature and extent of any regional or ethnic imbalances disparities in participation in Central Government institutiom and shall take all necessary steps to remedy any anemfilies.

6.2 The Government, on advice of the Equal Opportunities Commission, shall develop and support special programmes to remedy any imbalances or disparities for the north and north eastern parts of the country.
Territorial power sharing: Power sharing→Territorial power sharing→Federal or similar sub-divided government
Page 5, C: PARTICIPATION IN NATIONAL POLITICS AND INSTITUTIONS
Article 3 System of Government
....
3.3. The Parties recognise the right of any Ugandan or group of Ugandans to promote any system of governance, including federalism, through constitutional means.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: Power sharing→Military power sharing→Merger of forces
Page 6, C: PARTICIPATION IN NATIONAL POLITICS AND INSTITUTIONS
Article 8 Institutional Arrangements for Security Organs

8.1. The Parties affirm the principle of proportional representation of all the regions in the armed forces and other security agencies as a guarantee for sustainable stability in the country.

8.2 The Parties agree that members of the LRA who are willing and qualify shall be integrated into the national armed forces and other security agencies in accordance with subsequent agreements between the Parties.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: Page 6, C: PARTICIPATION IN NATIONAL POLITICS AND INSTITUTIONS
Article 7.0 The Judiciary

7.1. The Parties agree that the Government shall restore and strengthen the institutions of the rule of law in the conflict affected areas of Uganda where such institutions have been disrupted.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: Page 4, C: PARTICIPATION IN NATIONAL POLITICS AND INSTITUTIONS
Article 2 Principles of Governance

...

2.3 The Parties also agree that implementation of this agreement shall be guided by relevant principles embodied in international treaties and conventions ratified by the GoU.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: PAGE 3, C: PARTICIPATION IN NATIONAL POLITICS AND INSTITUTIONS
Article 2.0 Principles of Governance
2.1. The Parties shall adhere to the following objectives and directive principles enshrined in the Constitution as the guiding principles in the implementation of this Agreement:
a) The State shall be based on democratic principles, which empower and encourage the active participate of all citizens at all levels in their own governance.

Page 5, C: PARTICIPATION IN NATIONAL POLITICS AND INSTITUTIONS
Article 3.0 System of Government.
3.2 The Parties reaffirm the freedom of Ugandans to choose, advocate and promote democratically a system for their governance.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: Rights related issues→Protection measures→Protection of civilians
: PARTICIPATION IN NATIONAL POLITICS AND INSTITUTIONS

2.0 Principles of Governance.

2. l The Parties shall adhere to the following objectives and directive principles enshrined in the Constitution as the guiding principles in the implementation of this Agreement:

g) All persons are equal before and under the law in all spheres of political, social and cultural life, and in every other respect and shall enjoy equal protection of the law.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: Page, 10, C: PARTICIPATION IN NATIONAL POLITICS AND INSTITUTIONS
Article 14. Issues Relating to Land
... 14.4 The Parties agree that no customary or communal land and in north eastern Uganda shall be sold or purchased without the express consent of the concerned community

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: Socio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Socio-economic development
Page 7-8, ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF NORTH AND NORTH EASTERN UGANDA
Article 10 Strategy for Recovery

10.1 The parties recognise the vital need for adopting an overarching framework for delivering sound and comprehensive programmes for the recovery of conflict-affected areas of north and north eastern Uganda, and agree that the Government shall:

10.1.1 Facilitate the further development and adoption of Northern Uganda Peace, Recovery and Development Plan (PRDP)

10.1.2 Ensure that recovery programmes are implemented expeditiously and where necessary “fast tracked” in order to respond effectively to the post-conflict needs in affected areas.

10.1.3 Ensure an enabling environment for pursuing private economic activity in affected areas and shall take steps to support the access of communities and individuals to micro finance institutions that offer credit.

10.2 The Government of Uganda shall take affirmative action to revamp the institutions of learning, health and other social services in the conflict affected areas.
National economic plan: Page 8, ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF NORTH AND NORTH EASTERN UGANDA
Art 10 Strategy for Recovery

...

10.1.1 Facilitate the further development and adoption of Northern Uganda Peace, Recovery and Development Plan (PRDP)
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: Page 7, D: RETURN RESETTLEMENT AND REHABILITATION OF INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS
Article 9 Humanitarian Interventions on Impact of the Conflict

...

9.3. The Parties call upon the international community to continue and increase its assistance to the people of the affected areas in ameliorating the impact of the conflict.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: Land, property and environment→Land reform/rights→Land reform and management
Page, 10, C: PARTICIPATION IN NATIONAL POLITICS AND INSTITUTIONS
Article 14. Issues Relating to Land
14.1 The Parties affirm that land in Uganda belongs to the citizens of Uganda, and shall vest in them in accordance with the land tenure systems provided for in the Constitution. The Parties further recognize that land is central in the lives of communities and individuals.
14.2 The District Land Boards, which are mandated by law, among other things, to coordinate and monitor land use in the country may explore and adopt additional mechanisms for protection of land rights.
Land, property and environment→Land reform/rights→Property return and restitution
Page, 10, C: PARTICIPATION IN NATIONAL POLITICS AND INSTITUTIONS
Article 14. Issues Relating to Land
… 14.3 The Parties affirm that in accordance with the Constitution and the Land Act of 1998, fair and equitable compensation shall be payable in case of expropriation of land. No expropriation shall be allowed except in the public interest and in accordance with the law.

Page, 10, C: PARTICIPATION IN NATIONAL POLITICS AND INSTITUTIONS
Article 14. Issues Relating to Land
... 14.5 Land owners whose land have been used for settlement of internally displaced persons or establishment of barracks and detaches, shall be entitled to repossess their land or to receive fair and just compensation
Land, property and environment→Land reform/rights→Other land rights
Page, 10, C: PARTICIPATION IN NATIONAL POLITICS AND INSTITUTIONS
Article 14. Issues Relating to Land
... 14.4 The Parties agree that no customary or communal land and in north eastern Uganda shall be sold or purchased without the express consent of the concerned community
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: Page, 10, C: PARTICIPATION IN NATIONAL POLITICS AND INSTITUTIONS
Article 14. Issues Relating to Land

...

14.6 The conflict in north and north eastern Uganda has caused significant environmental degradation. In this regard, measures shall be taken to restore and manage the environment sustainably.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: No specific mention.
Police: Page 7, C: PARTICIPATION IN NATIONAL POLITICS AND INSTITUTIONS
Article 8 Institutional Arrangements for Security Organs

...

8.3. The Parties agree that the Uganda Police shall fully take over its constitutional responsibilities in the affected districts.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: No specific mention.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: Transitional justice→Reparations→Material reparations
Page, 9, C: PARTICIPATION IN NATIONAL POLITICS AND INSTITUTIONS
Article 13 Livestock

13.1 The parties recognise the substantial loss of livestock, in the north and northeastern parts of Uganda which loss has had severe social and economic implications.

13.2 The Government shall strengthen and fast track re-stocking programmes in the affected areas by committing additional resources to mitigate the effect of losses of livestock taking into account individual losses and the need to improve on the quality of livestock in the affected areas.

Page 10, Article 14 Issues Relating to Land

...

14.3 The Parties affirm that in accordance with the Constitution and the Land Act of 1998, fair and equitable compensation shall be payable in case of expropriation of land. No expropriation shall be allowed except in the public interest and in accordance with the law.

...

14.5 Land owners whose land have been used for settlement of internally displaced persons or establishment of barracks and detaches, shall be entitled to repossess their land or to receive fair and just compensation.
Reconciliation: Page 1, PREAMBLE

Cognizant of the vision and ideals of the people of Uganda enshrined in the Constitution and laws of the Republic of Uganda, and in international charters and conventions, which promote, among others, national unity, equality, peaceful and harmonious co-existence, representation of all in and by the Government, national reconciliation, fundamental freedoms and affirmative action to redress any imbalances;

Implementation

UN signatory: Witnessed by UN Deputy Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator Southern Sudan
Other international signatory: Witnessed by:

H.E. Dr. Samson L. Kwaje, Minister for Information and Broadcasting, Government of Southern Sudan and Acting Mediator of the Peace Talks

H.E. Japhaeth R. Getugi For the Government of Republic of Kenya

H.E. Francisco Caetano Madeira, For the Republic of Mozambique

Lt.-Gen (Rtd) Gillbert Lebeko Ramano, For the Republic of South Africa

H.E. Ali I. Siwa, For the Government of the United Republic of Tanzania
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism: Page 11, F: TRANSITIONAL SECURITY ARRANGEMENTS
Article 18 Implementation

18.1 Implementation modalities of this agreement shall be contained in a protocol signed by the Parties.

18.2 The protocol shall form an integral part of the final Agreement.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: UN Peacemaker. Available at https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/UG_070502_AgreementComprehensiveSolutions.pdf (Accessed on Jan 10, 2020)

AGREEMENT ON COMPREHENSIVE SOLUTIONS BETWEEN THE GoVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA AND LORD'S RESISTANCE ARMY/MOVEMENT

JUBA, SUDAN

A: PREAMBLE

This Agreement (herein referred to as the "Agreement") signed

BETWEEN the Government of the Republic of Uganda (GoU) and the Lord's Resistance Anny/Movement (LRA/M);

(hereinafter referred to as

"the Parties");

witnesseth that:

WHEREAS the Parties are determined to peacefully resolve the conflict affecting north and north eastern Uganda;

and having accepted with

appreciation the mediation of the Government of Southern Sudan (GOSS) and support of the international community for a negotiated

settlement to the conflict;

AWARE of the impact of this conflict which has left thousands of people dead or injured caused suffering and has adversely affected the

political and socio-economic development in the area;

RECOGNISING the regional disparities and imbalances in terms of socio-economic and infrastructural development of the country as a

result of history and the conflict;

COGNIZANT of the vision and ideals of the people of Uganda enshrined in the Constitution and laws of the Republic of Uganda, and in

international charters and conventions, which promote, among others, national unity, equality, peaceful and harmonious co-existence,

representation of all in and by the Government, national reconciliation, fundamental freedoms, and affirmative action to redress any imbalance ;

COMMITTED to finding comprehensive, just and durable solutiom to the conflict between the Parties by peaceful means and through dialogue;

NOW THEREFORE, the Parties hereto agree to adopt this Agreement, which shall form an integral part of the final peace agreement on the

conflict, as follows:

B: DEFINITIONS

1.0 Unless the context suggests otherwise, the following words and phrases shall have the meaning assigned thereto:

"Agreement'' means this agreement read together with the relevant parts of the implementation protocol

"North and north eastern" refers to the conflict affected areas of Acholi (Amuru, Gulu, Kitgum and Pader) Lango (Dokolo, Lira, Oyam, Apac and Amolatar) Teso (Amuria, Kaberamaido, Katakwi and Soroti) West Nife (Adjumani)

"Government Institutions" mean and include Government Ministries, the Armed Forces, Statutory Commissions and Authorities, and Parastatal Bodies;

"Internally displaced persons" (IDPs) are persons or groups of persons who have been forced or obliged to, flee or leave their homes or places of habitual residence, in particular as a result of or in order to avoid the effects of armed conflict, situations of generalized violence, violations of human rights or natural or human-made disasters, and who have not crossed an internationally recogonized state border.

"The Government" means the Government of tile Republic of Uganda.

C: PARTICIPATION IN NATIONAL POLITICS AND INSTITUTIONS

2.0 Principles of Governance.

2. l The Parties shall adhere to the following objectives and directive principles enshrined in the Constitution as the guiding principles in the implementation of this Agreement:

a) The State shall be based on democratic principles, which empower and encourage the active participation of all citizens at all levels in their own govemance.

b) The composition of Government shall be broadly representative of the national clmacter, gender and social diversity of the country.

e) Every effort shall be made to integrate all the peoples of Uganda in governance while at the same time recognizing the existence of their ethnic, religious, ideological, political and cultural diversities.

d) The Government shall take necessary measures to bring about balanced development of different areas of Uganda and between the rural and urban areas.

e) The Government shall take special measures in favour of development of the least developed areas.

f) The Government shall take affirmative action in favour of groups marginalised on the basis of gender, age, disability or any other reason created by history, tradition or custom, for the purpose of redressing imbalances which may exist against them.

g) All persons are equal before and under the law in all spheres of political, social and cultural life, and in every other respect and shall enjoy equal protection of the law.

h) The Parties affirm that there shall be no arbitrary detentions.

2.2 In the conduct of public affairs, leaders shall use constructive and unifying language.

2.3 The Parties also agree that implementation of this agreement shall be guided by relevant principles embodied in international treaties and conventions ratified by the Government of Uganda

3.0 System of Government.

3.1 All power belongs to the people who shall exercise their sovereignty in accordance with the Constitution.

3.2 The Parties reaffirm the freedom of Ugandans to choose, advocate and promote democratically a system for their governance.

3.3 The Parties recognise the right of any Ugandan or group of Ugandans to promote any system of governance, including federalism through.

constitutional means.

3.4 The parties also recognise the constitutional duty of parliament to enact a law providing for the right of the citizens to request the

Electoral Commission to hold a referendum on any issue.

4.0 lnclusiveness in Participation in Government.

The parties recognise that the Constitution of Uganda makes it incumbent that the Government of Uganda shall be structured so as to ensure that all Ugandans are represented in and by it, and have access to government services.

5.0 Ensuring equal opportunities

The Parties agree that the recently enacted Equal Opportunities Law, shall be used to ensure equal treatment of all groups within Uganda;

specifically, the elimination of inequalities and discrimination against any individual or group of persons on the ground of ethnic origin, social or economic standing, gender, disability, or political opinion.

6.0 Participation in State Institutions.

6.1 The Parties agree that the Government shall, through the Equal Opportunities Commission, review and assess the nature and extent of any regional or ethnic imbalances disparities in participation in Central Government institutiom and shall take all necessary steps to remedy any anemfilies.

6.2 The Government, on advice of the Equal Opportunities Commission, shall develop and support special programmes to remedy any imbalances or disparities for the north and north eastern parts of the country.

7.0 The Judiciary

7.l The Parties recognise the duty of all Ugandans to respect the independence of the judicjary in accordance with the Constitution of Uganda

7.l The Parties agree that the· Government shall restore and strengthen the institutions of the rule of law in the conflict affected areas of Uganda where such institutions have been disrupted.

7.2 The Government shall promote access to justice in the affected areas.

8 Institutional Arrangements for Security Orga.ns ..

8.1 The Parties affirm the principle of proportional representation of all the regions in the armed forces and other security agencies as a

guarantee for sustainable stability in the .country.

8.2 The Parties agree that members of the LRA who are willing and qualify shall be integrated into the national armed forces and other

security agencies in accordance with subsequent agreements between the Parties.

8.3 The Parties affirm that the children of the departed LRA combatants shall benefit alongside other conflict-affected children from the policies of Universal Primary Education (UPE) and Universal Post-Primary Education and Training (UPPET).

8.4 The Parties agree that the Uganda Police shall fully take over its constitutional responsibilities in the affected districts.

D: RETURN, RESETTLEMENT AND REHABILITATION OF INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS

9.0 Humanitarian laterventions on Impact of the Conflict

9.1 The Parties commit themselves to ending the conflict and thereby ensuring the conditions for the voluntary, dignified and secure return of all IDPs in accordance with the principles adopted in the IDP Policy.

9.2 The Parties agree that the Government shall avail resources to facilitate the process of return of IDPs.

9.3 The Parties call upon the international community to continue and increase its assistance to the people of the affected areas in ameliorating the impact of the conflict.

E: ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF NORTH AND NORTH EASTERN UGANDA

10 Strategy for Recovery.

10.l The Parties recognise the vital need for adopting an overarching framework for delivering sound and comprehensive programmes for the recovery of conflic affected areas of north and north eastern Uganda, and agree that the Government shall:

10.1.1 Facilitate the further development and adoption of the Northern Uganda Peace, Recovery and Development Plan (PROP).

10.1.2 Ensure that recovery programmes are implemented expeditiously and where necessary "fast tracked" in order to respond effectively to the post-conflict needs in affected areas.

10.1.3 Ensure an enabling environment for pursuing private economic activity in affected areas and shall take steps to support the access of communities and individuals to micro finance institutions that offer credit.

10.2 The Government of Uganda shall take affirmative action to revamp the institutions of learning, health and other social services in the conflict affected areas.

11 Institutional Framework.

The Parties agree that:

11.1 The comprehensive programmes for the recovery of the affected areas of north.em and north eastern Uganda shall be implemented through:

a) A mechanism that ensures easy access to funds by the targeted comm1mitie.s for resettlement and enhancement of productive capacities.

b) A national and self-accounting body to be established by an Act of Parliament, shall be the implementing agency for the institutional and infrastructural development of the areas affected by the conflict

12 Vulnerable Groups.

12.1 The Parties agree that the Government of Uganda shall develop and implement in the affected areas a policy for the support and rehabilitation of victims of the conflict.

12.2 The Parties agree that the Government of Uganda shall in accordance with existing policies and through special assistance programmes in the affected areas make appropriate provision for vulnerable groups and in particular shall protect, resettle and promote the advancement of child-headed households, orphans, street children, unaccompanied minors, traumatized children, widows, female-headed households, persons with disabilities (PWDs), persons living with HIV/ AIDS and the elderly.

13 Livestock.

13.l The parties recognise the substantial loss of livestock, in the north and northeastem parts of Uganda which loss has had severe social and economic implications.

13.2 The Government shall strengthen and fast track re-stocking programmes in the affected areas by committing additional resources to mitigate the effect of losses of livestock taking into account individual losses and the need to improve on the quality of livestock in the affected areas.

14 Issues Relating To Land.

14.l The Parties affirm that land in Uganda belongs to the citizens of Uganda, and shall vest in them in accordance with the land tenure systems provided for in the Constitution.

The Parties further recognize that land is central in the lives of communities and individuals.

14.2 The District Land Boards, which are mandated by law, among other things, to coordinate and monitor land use in the country may explore and adopt additional mechanisms for protection of land rights.

14.3 The Parties affirm that in accordance with the Constitution and the Land Act of 1998, fair and equitable compensation shall be payable in case of expropriation of land.

No expropriation shall be allowed except in the public interest and in accordance with the law.

14.4 The Parties agree that no customary or communal land in north and north eastern Uganda shall be sold or purchased without the

express consent of the concerned community.

14.5 Land owners whose lands have been used for settlement of internally displaced persons or establishment of barracks and detaches, shall be entitled to repossess their land or to receive fair and just compensation.

14.6 The conflict in north and north eastern Uganda has caused significant environmental degradation.

In this regard, measures shall be taken to restore and manage the environment sustainably.

F: TRANSITIONAL SECURITY ARRANGEMENTS

15 The Parties recognise the need to provide protection to the LRA leaders, combatants and pettSonnel during the transition from conflict to peace, and hereby agree to adopt security measures in subsequent agreements.

16 The Parties shall promote and engender trust between each other and undertake appropriate coniidence--building measures.

17 Stakeholders' Conference.

After the final Peace Agreement has been signed, the mediator in consultation with the parties shall convene, a meeting in Uganda comprised of political, Civic, Religious, Traditional leaders e.t.c to sensitize them on the provisions of 1he agreement, their role in its implementation and to disseminate the information to the grassroots.

18 Implementation

18.1 Implementation modalities of this agreement shall be contained in a protocol signed by the Parties.

18.2 The protocol shall form an integral part of the final Agreement.

In witness of the above, the duly authorized representaives of the Parties have signed this Agreement on the 2nd day of May 2007.

Hon. Okello Henry Oryem

Minister of State for International Relations;

Deputy Head of GOU Delegation and Acting Head of GoU Delegation

Mr. Martin Ojul

Leader of the LRA/M Delegation

Witnessed by:

H.E. Dr. Samson L. Kwaje

Minister for Information and Broadcasting, Government of Southern Sudan and Acting Mediator of the Peace Talks.

H.E. Japheth R. Getugi

For the Government of Republic of Kenya

H.E. Francisco Caetano Madeira

For the Goverment of Republic of Mozambique

Agreement on Comprehensive Solutions

Lt.-Geo (Rtd) Gilbert Lebeko Rainano

For the Government of the Republic of South Africa

H.E. Ali I. Siwa

For the Government of the United Republic of Tanzania

W. David Gressly

UN Deputy Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator Southern Sudan