Communiqué Final sanctionnant la rencontre entre la délégation officielle tchadienne et le Front Populaire pour le Redressement (FPR)

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Country/entity: Chad
Region: Africa (excl MENA)
Agreement name: Communiqué Final sanctionnant la rencontre entre la délégation officielle tchadienne et le Front Populaire pour le Redressement (FPR)
Date: 13 Jun 2011
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Chadian Conflicts (1966 - )
The political history of Chad has been defined by ethno-religious conflict following independence from France in 1960, particularly between the Islamic north and the Christian and animist south. Although prevalent during the colonial era, this became particularly apparent under Tombalbaye during his 15-year rule (1960-1975), which saw mass discrimination against the Muslim northern and central regions. In 1966, the Islamist National Liberation Front on Chad (FROLINAT) was formed, but the movement was defined by factionalism and in-fighting, often encouraged by Libyan government policies, until the civil war ended in 1993. In 1975 Tombalbaye was killed during a coup, and the country reverted to military rule. Constant pressure from the various FROLINAT factions, however, caused then-ruler General Felix Malloum to align himself with Hissene Habre, a rebel leader formerly-aligned with FROLINAT, but then-commander of the Forces Armées du Nord (FAN). In 1978, Libyan troops also occupied the Aouzou Strip (See Libyan-Chadian Conflict). Meanwhile, Habre’s FROLINAT competitor, Goukouni Oueddei, gathered the majority of the northern insurgent factions, and the ensuing civil war between 11 factions eroded the capabilities of the state. In 1979, the Lagos Accords created a unity government (GUNT) that briefly convened the factions, but infighting between Habre and Goukouni’s forces broke out soon after.

Habre finally gained control of N’Djamena in 1982, but faced continuing insurgent pressure from GUNT. This changed in the mid-1980s when all forces in Chad aligned themselves against the Libyan occupation and expelled them from Chad. Infighting in Habre’s regime, meanwhile, saw the defection of General Idriss Deby to Sudan, where he launched a Zaghawa campaign against the President and took the capital in December 1990 with Libyan-backing. Deby was announced President in early 1991, and to ease fighting he announced elections, which he won, in 1996. A number of short-lived peace deals were signed with several rebel factions in 1997, but fighting continued. In 2003, an influx of over 200,000 refugees from Darfur complicated the matter further, and in 2005 Chad declared war on Sudan, which was backing the Chadian rebel group, Rally for Democracy and Liberty. A series of battles ensued across Chad culminating in the Battle of N’Djamena in 2008. The latest war ended in 2010 with a peace accord signed between Sudan and Chad.

In 2021, the FACT (Front pour l’Alternance et la Concorde au Tchad: Front for Change and Concord in Chad) attacked the Chadian military on the eve of presidential elections. President Idriss Déby was killed in the attack, and the army formed a Transitional Military Council (TMC).
Stage: Pre-negotiation/process
Conflict nature: Government
Peace process: Chad: Fourth War Process
Parties: For the Tchadian delegation, Mr Aberaman Moussa
For the Front Populaire pour le Redressement (FPR), general Adelkader Baba Lade
Third parties: Mediator from Central African Republic, Monsignor Paulin Pomodimo

Page 3:
The two Chadian delegations wish to express their sincere thanks to:
• The President of the Central African republic, His Excellency Army General François BOZIZE;
• The most senior Central African authorities involved in this process who have spared no effort in contributing to this outcome, namely their Excellencies:
• Pasteur Josué BINOUA, Minister of Territorial Administration and Decentralisation;
• Mr Claude Richard GOUANDJA, Minister of Public Security, Emigration-Immigration and of Public Security;
• Colonel Jean-François BOZIZE, Minister Delegate to the Presidency of the Republic, head of National Defence, Former Combatants, War Victims and Army Restructuring;
• General of the Armed Corps Xavier-Sylvestre YANGONGO, Minister Delegate to the Presidency of the Republic, Head of Disarmament, Demobilisation, and Reinsertion of Ex-Combatants, and of the National Pioneer Youth;
• All the people of Central Africa;
• The MICOPAX 1 Multinational Force and
• The Mediator of the Central African Republic and all his collaborators;
Description: In this short agreement, Chadian authorities state their support to all Chadians, including members of the Popular Front for Recovery (PFR). In return, the PFR representatives accept the authority of the Chadian president, renounce to all acts of aggression and commits to gain support from all members of their movements to the ongoing peace process. All parties reject any access to power that is not by elections and do not tolerate the presence of politico-military movements that harm the other on their territory. It includes a ceasefire agreement by the FPR and the aim to come to a peace agreement at their next meeting.

Agreement document: TD_110613_Communique final_tr.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: Page 2, Untitled Preamble:
...
In the context of the notably friendly and brotherly relations between CAR and Chad, and in the current context where a State, to exist, needs to be based on values of democracy, respect for law and human rights;
Considering that CAR and Chad have clearly subscribed to these concepts and to the principle that Power may only be obtained on the basis of free, democratic and transparent elections;
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: Page 2, Untitled Preamble:
...
In the context of the notably friendly and brotherly relations between CAR and Chad, and in the current context where a State, to exist, needs to be based on values of democracy, respect for law and human rights;

Page 2:
The agreement they reached is summarised in the following 5 points:
...
3. The FPR undertakes to behave in a manner compatible with the Laws and Regulations which govern the presence of foreigners on Central African territory.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: Page 2, Untitled Preamble:
...
In the context of the notably friendly and brotherly relations between CAR and Chad, and in the current context where a State, to exist, needs to be based on values of democracy, respect for law and human rights;
Considering that CAR and Chad have clearly subscribed to these concepts and to the principle that Power may only be obtained on the basis of free, democratic and transparent elections;
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: Rights related issues→Media and communication→Other
Page 2:
The agreement they reached is summarised in the following 5 points:
...
2. The FPR renounces all acts of aggression and all hostile declarations in the press or by other means.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: No specific mention.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: Page 2, Untitled Preamble:
...
After three working sessions on the 10, 11 and 12 June 2011, Members of the Central African Government intervened decisively to establish a channel of communication between the Chadian brothers and MICOPAX 1, essential for logistical security;

Page 3:
The two Chadian delegations wish to express their sincere thanks to:
- The most senior Central African authorities involved in this process who have spared no effort in contributing to this outcome, namely their Excellencies:
...
• Mr Claude Richard GOUANDJA, Minister of Public Security, Emigration-Immigration and of Public Security;
• Colonel Jean-François BOZIZE, Minister Delegate to the Presidency of the Republic, head of National Defence, Former Combatants, War Victims and Army Restructuring;
• General of the Armed Corps Xavier-Sylvestre YANGONGO, Minister Delegate to the Presidency of the Republic, Head of Disarmament, Demobilisation, and Reinsertion of Ex-Combatants, and of the National Pioneer Youth;
Ceasefire: Security sector→Ceasefire→General commitments
Page 2:
The agreement they reached is summarised in the following 5 points:
...
2. The FPR renounces all acts of aggression and all hostile declarations in the press or by other means.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: Page 3:
The two Chadian delegations wish to express their sincere thanks to:
- The most senior Central African authorities involved in this process who have spared no effort in contributing to this outcome, namely their Excellencies:
...
• Colonel Jean-François BOZIZE, Minister Delegate to the Presidency of the Republic, head of National Defence, Former Combatants, War Victims and Army Restructuring;
• General of the Armed Corps Xavier-Sylvestre YANGONGO, Minister Delegate to the Presidency of the Republic, Head of Disarmament, Demobilisation, and Reinsertion of Ex-Combatants, and of the National Pioneer Youth;
DDR: Security sector→DDR→Demilitarisation provisions
Page 3:
The two Chadian delegations wish to express their sincere thanks to:
- The most senior Central African authorities involved in this process who have spared no effort in contributing to this outcome, namely their Excellencies:
...
• Colonel Jean-François BOZIZE, Minister Delegate to the Presidency of the Republic, head of National Defence, Former Combatants, War Victims and Army Restructuring;
• General of the Armed Corps Xavier-Sylvestre YANGONGO, Minister Delegate to the Presidency of the Republic, Head of Disarmament, Demobilisation, and Reinsertion of Ex-Combatants, and of the National Pioneer Youth;
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: Page 2-3:
The agreement they reached is summarised in the following 5 points:
1. The Popular Front for Recovery (FPR) accepts unreservedly the support of the President of the Republic, Chief of State.
2. The FPR renounces all acts of aggression and all hostile declarations in the press or by other means.
3. The FPR undertakes to behave in a manner compatible with the Laws and Regulations which govern the presence of foreigners on Central African territory.
4. The two Delegations recognise and agree on the need for a period not exceeding one month to enable the FPR to gain the agreement of the overall movement to the ongoing peace process in Bangui.
5. After this period the two Delegations will determine by mutual agreement a meeting place to discuss the peace process.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: Page 2:
The agreement they reached is summarised in the following 5 points:
...
3. The FPR undertakes to behave in a manner compatible with the Laws and Regulations which govern the presence of foreigners on Central African territory.

Page 2-3:
The agreement they reached is summarised in the following 5 points:
...
3. The FPR undertakes to behave in a manner compatible with the Laws and Regulations which govern the presence of foreigners on Central African territory.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: Mediator from Central African Republic, Monsignor Paulin Pomodimo
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: Page 2, Untitled Preamble:
...
After three working sessions on the 10, 11 and 12 June 2011, Members of the Central African Government intervened decisively to establish a channel of communication between the Chadian brothers and MICOPAX 1, essential for logistical security;

Page 3:
The two Chadian delegations wish to express their sincere thanks to:
- The most senior Central African authorities involved in this process who have spared no effort in contributing to this outcome, namely their Excellencies:
• The MICOPAX 1 Multinational Force and
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: http://www.peacemaker.un.org/

FINAL COMMUNIQUE ENDORSING THE MEETING BETWEEN THE OFFICIAL CHADIAN DELEGATION AND THE CHADIAN POPULAR FRONT FOR RECOVERY (FPR)

Bangui June 13, 2011

FINAL COMMUNIQUE

ENDORSING THE MEETING BETWEEN THE OFFICIAL CHADIAN DELEGATION AND THE CHADIAN POPULAR FRONT FOR RECOVERY (FRONT POPULAIRE POUR LE REDRESSEMENT, FPR)

In the context of the notably friendly and brotherly relations between CAR and Chad, and in the current context where a State, to exist, needs to be based on values of democracy, respect for law and human rights;

Considering that CAR and Chad have clearly subscribed to these concepts and to the principle that Power may only be obtained on the basis of free, democratic and transparent elections;

Considering that in this respect, neither of these countries can tolerate the presence of a non-conventional and harmful politico-military movement in its territory;

Considering that dialogue is and will always be the only means of resolving any conflict whatever its nature;

Considering the ongoing policy of support from the Chief of the Chadian State, His Excellency President Idriss DEBY INTO, for all of his compatriots and in particular those outside the law;

Considering that in this context, an official Delegation led by the Mediator of the Republic was welcomed in Bangui by the Mediator of the Central African Republic, whose intervention was requested to facilitate a meeting with a Chadian dissident, the President of the FPR, Mr Abdelkader BABA LADDE;

After three working sessions on the 10, 11 and 12 June 2011, Members of the Central African Government intervened decisively to establish a channel of communication between the Chadian brothers and MICOPAX 1, essential for logistical security;

Preliminary discussions took place under the auspices of the Mediator of the Central African Republic His Excellency Mr Paulin POMODINO, to enable the Chadians to meet together.

The agreement they reached is summarised in the following 5 points:

1. The Popular Front for Recovery (FPR) accepts unreservedly the support of the President of the Republic, Chief of State.

2. The FPR renounces all acts of aggression and all hostile declarations in the press or by other means.

3. The FPR undertakes to behave in a manner compatible with the Laws and Regulations which govern the presence of foreigners on Central African territory.

4. The two Delegations recognise and agree on the need for a period not exceeding one month to enable the FPR to gain the agreement of the overall movement to the ongoing peace process in Bangui.

5. After this period the two Delegations will determine by mutual agreement a meeting place to discuss the peace process.

The two Chadian delegations wish to express their sincere thanks to:

The President of the Central African republic, His Excellency Army General François BOZIZE;

The most senior Central African authorities involved in this process who have spared no effort in contributing to this outcome, namely their Excellencies:

Pasteur Josué BINOUA, Minister of Territorial Administration and Decentralisation;

Mr Claude Richard GOUANDJA, Minister of Public Security, Emigration-Immigration and of Public Security;

Colonel Jean-François BOZIZE, Minister Delegate to the Presidency of the Republic, head of National Defence, Former Combatants, War Victims and Army Restructuring;

General of the Armed Corps Xavier-Sylvestre YANGONGO, Minister Delegate to the Presidency of the Republic, Head of Disarmament, Demobilisation, and Reinsertion of Ex-Combatants, and of the National Pioneer Youth;

All the people of Central Africa;

The MICOPAX 1 Multinational Force and

The Mediator of the Central African Republic and all his collaborators;

Who, on the one hand have facilitated this meeting on Central African soil, and on the other have contributed to its successful outcome, to the great satisfaction of all the participants.

In the name of the President of the Republic, Chief of State, His Excellency Army General François BOZIZE and of the Central African people, the Mediator of the Republic, His Excellency Mr Paulin POMCOIMO, acknowledges the noble spirit of the Chadian brothers, reunited and forever reconciled in order to construct a durable peace in the interior of Chad and on its borders, certain proof of the whole nation’s determination to develop Chad.

Done in Bangui, June 13, 2011

Signatures

For the Tchadian delegation, Monsieur Aberaman Moussa

For the Front Populaire pour le Redressement (FPR), general Adelkader Baba Lade

Mediator from Central African Republic, Monsignor Paulin Pomodimo