Ceasefire Implementation Mechanism (Annex to Ceasefire Agreement of 18 March 2010 between the Governement of Sudan and the LJM)

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Country/entity: Sudan
Darfur
Region: Africa (excl MENA)
Agreement name: Ceasefire Implementation Mechanism (Annex to Ceasefire Agreement of 18 March 2010 between the Governement of Sudan and the LJM)
Date: 22 Jul 2010
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Sudan Conflicts (1955 - )
Agreements relate to several distinct dyads, and also the negotiated independence of South Sudan, and subsequent internal conflict in South Sudan. Sudan-South Sudan. The long-standing conflict between the north and the south of the country dates back to colonial times, where the British introduced a so-called ‘Southern Policy’, severely hampering population movements between these big regions. Immediately after gaining independence in 1956, southern movements started to fight for independence; this fight became professionalised in 1983 with the foundation of the soon internationally supported Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA). When the Islamic Front government introduced strict sharia laws in the south after it took over power in 1988 the war intensified. A decade later, the military situation reached a stalemate, enabling internationally facilitated peace negotiations to begin in 1997. After more fighting, a final negotiation push began in 2002, leading to the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Areement (CPA) in January 2005.

Sudan-South Sudan post referendum. South Sudan became independent in July 2011; since then, relations between the two countries are complicated and violent conflict led by the SPLM (North) in the Sudanese Nuba mountains region has since intensified.

Darfur. Other long-standing violent conflicts are in the east and the west of the country. In the east, the Beja Congress, established in 1957, is the spearhead of a currently ‘peaceful’ opposition movement. In the west, the violent conflict in Darfur intensified in the early 2000s and rapidly gained international attention, even resulting in genocide charges against leading figures of the Sudanese government. The situation on the ground is complex, with over a dozen organisations (most notably the Sudanese Liberation Movement and the Justice and Equality Movement) fighting the Sudanese government and allied groups like the Janjaweed – although all parties have switched sides on numerous occasions. Several mediation attempts have not been successful, due to the shaky commitment of the Sudanese central government and the distrust among the armed opposition.

South Sudan - internal
In December 2013, after president Salva Kiir accused opposition leader Riek Machar of attempting a coup, violent conflict broke out between government forces of the SPLM/A and anti-governmental groups. In addition, several other political militias as well as communal militias have joined the conflict. In 2015 the Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in South Sudan (ARCSS) was signed. Due to unsuccessful implementation the agreement was revitalized in 2018. In September 2019, Kiir and Machar agreed to establish a power-sharing government after struggles on forming a unity transitional government.
Stage: Ceasefire/related
Conflict nature: Government/territory
Peace process: Darfur-Sudan peace process
Parties: Ghazi Salahuddin - Advisor to the Sudanese President

Tijani Sisse Mohammad - LJM leader
Third parties: African Union
Arab league
Government of Qatar
Description: Document details the agreed on ceasefire implementation mechanism. Issues covered include CEASEFIRE IMPLEMENTATION AND MONITORING STRUCTURE, CEASE FIRE COMMISSION, CFC functions, Composition of the CFC, Duties of CFC Members, Meetings of the CFC, CFC Code of Conduct, CFC Resources and Secretariat, Sector Sub-Ceasefire Commissions, Functions of SSCFC, SSCFC Composition, SSCFC Reports, Ceasefire Team Site Groups, the Joint Commission, Commission Functions/Terms of Reference, and Commission Meetings.

Agreement document: SD_100722_Ceasefire Implementation Mechanism.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: No specific mention.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: Security sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provision
Page 1, INTRODUCTION
1. This document is the Annex to the Ceasefire Agreement (CFA) signed on 18 March 2010 between the Government of Sudan and the Liberation and Justice Movement in Doha, Qatar. The document provides for the structure and hierarchy of the Ceasefire implementation Mechanism. The Joint Commission hereafter referred to as the Commission and the Ceasefire Commission hereafter referred to as CFC shall hereby be established.

Page 1, INTRODUCTION
2. Observers are an important facet for the implementation of the CFA as they facilitate and advise the Commissions and parties. They may include but are not limited to international/regional organizations and individual countries. Observers may attend open sessions and meetings of the Commission, the CFC and Sub-CFCs. If deemed appropriate and agreed upon by the Parties, observers will be briefed on closed sessions/meetings.

Page 1, INTRODUCTION
3. In addition to the Framework Agreement and the Ceasefire Agreement of 18 March 2010 the Parties have acknowledged the existence of the following:
a. Humanitarian Cease fire Agreement on the Conflict in Darfur & Protocol on the Establishment of Humanitarian Assistance in Darfur of 08 April, 2004, N'Djamena, Chad
b. Agreement with the Sudanese Parties on the Modalities for the Establishment of the Ceasefire Commission and the Deployment of Observers in Darfur of 28 May 2004, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
c. Protocol Between the Government of Sudan, The Sudan Liberation Movement / Army and the Justice and Equality Movement on the Improvement of the Humanitarian Situation in Darfur of 09 November, 2004, Abuja, Nigeria
d. Protocol Between the Government of Sudan, The Sudan Liberation Movement / Army and the Justice and Equality Movement on the Enhancement of the Security Situation in Darfur in Accordance with the N'Djamena Agreement of 09 November, 2004, Abuja, Nigeria
e. Declaration of Principles for the Resolution of the Sudanese Conflict in Darfur of 05 July, 2005, Abuja, Nigeria
f. Darfur Peace Agreement of 05 May, 2006, Abuja, Nigeria

Page 1, CEASEFIRE IMPLEMENTATION AND MONITORING STRUCTURE
4. The ceasefire implementation structure consists of three levels of monitoring mechanism involving the Joint Commission, Ceasefire Commission and the three Sector Sub-Ceasefire Commissions.
See Appendix 1.

Page 2, CEASEFIRE COMMISSION (CFC)
5. The CFC shall comprise of the under listed components:
a. The CFC headquartered in EI Fasher.
b. The CFC Secretariat.
c. Sector Sub-Ceasefire Commission (SSCFC).

Page 2, CFC FUNCTIONS
6. The CFC has overall responsibility for the monitoring and implementation of the Ceasefire Agreement. The CFC shall endeavour to make decisions by consensus. Where consensus cannot be reached, the CFC shall commit the issue for arbitration by the Commission. The Parties shall be obliged to adhere to the recommendations of the Commission.

Page 2, CFC FUNCTIONS
7. The functions listed below are not exhaustive but every effort must be made to keep tasks functional and achievable. The CFC may only undertake new functions if they are endorsed and tasked by the Commission. The functions of the CFC, to be read in conjunction with articles (4) and (5) of the CFA, shall be to:
a. Oversee compliance of the Parties to their obligations under the CFA
b. Coordinate planning, monitoring and verification of the implementation of the CFA.
c. Monitor the conduct of the forces of the Parties.
d. Receive information and monitor of permitted military movement and itineraries thereof.
e. Define the routes for all movement of forces in order to reduce risks of incidents; the administrative movements shall be notified to the CFC.
f. Support de-mining operations.
g. Coordinate production of master map showing disposition of the parties, and Demilitarized Humanitarian Routes and zones around IDP camps.
h. Receive, verify, analyze and resolve complaints related to possible violations of the ceasefire.
i. Issue violation reports, if any party undertakes any Prohibited Activities, as stipulated in the CFA
J. Assist in the dissemination of information about the CFA
k. Serving as a channel of communication between the Parties
1. Support the Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR) of the ex-combatants as and when agreed by the Parties.

Page 2, COMPOSITION OF THE CFC
8. The CFC shall be constituted as follows:
a. Force Commander - Chairperson
b. Reps of Parties (three each) - Members
c. The State of Qatar - Member
d. UNAMID Police Commissioner - Member
e. UNAMID Director Political Affairs - Member
f. UNAMID Director Humanitarian Affairs - Member
g. UNAMID Senior Legal Officer Member - Member
h. Chief of Staff (CaS) CFC Secretary - Secretary
The Parties would decide on the number and composition of observers at a later date.

Page 3, COMPOSITION OF THE CFC
9. Chairperson. The Force Commander shall chair all meetings of the CFC and in his absence the Deputy Force Commander shall perform the duties.

Page 3, DUTIES OF CFC MEMBERS
10. The duties and responsibilities of CFC members are:
a. The Chairperson. The duties and responsibilities of the Chairperson shall include among others:
(1) Preside over all CFC meetings.
(2) Define the CFC program of activities in accordance with existing agreements.
(3) Ensure implementation of both CFC and the Commission decisions that are within the CFC mandate, measures and recommendations.
(4) Order independent or supplementary investigations at CFC level whenever appropriate in accordance with existing agreements.
(5) Ensure submission of weekly reports to the Commission.
(6) Issue regular press statements on violations of the ceasefire, post these statements on the UN, AU and UNAMID websites, and give copies to the parties.
(7) Give guidance and direction to both the CFC Secretariat and the SSCFC.
(8) Ensure appropriate measures are undertaken for CFC members to respect the local laws and regulations, refrain from any action or activity incompatible with the impartial and international nature of their duties
b. The Police Commissioner - Adviser on police matters.
c. Senior Political Adviser -Adviser on political matters.
d. Senior Legal Officer -Adviser on legal matters.
e. Director Humanitarian Affairs - Adviser on Humanitarian Assistance/Coordination.
f. Senior Representatives of Parties to CFA -
(1) Represent the Parties' interests
(2) Ensure the Parties' cooperation with the CFC.
(3) Contribute to ensuring the effective functioning of the CFC
g. COS CFC - Secretary/Head of CFC Secretariat.

Page 4, MEETINGS
11. CFC meetings shall be held weekly or as called for by the Chairperson. The meetings shall be held in UNAMID HQ, EI Fasher or in any other venue as shall be decided by the Chairperson. The meetings shall be conducted under the following guidelines:
a. The agenda for the meeting shall be adopted at the beginning of the session.
b. The CFC deliberations and decisions are reached by consensus but incase the parties are unable to reach an agreement on a matter before the CFC; the Chairperson shall refer the matter to the Commission for resolution. The Parties shall be obliged to adhere to the ruling of the Commission.
c. At least one (1) member per party and four (4) members from UNAMID shall be in attendance to constitute a quorum.
d. At every session, minutes of meetings shall be signed by the secretary and authenticated by the Chairperson and brought to the next meeting for confirmation as a true record of the proceedings and shall be binding on the Parties.
e. Sub committees may be constituted for specific tasks whenever necessary and shall present their reports before the CFC for adoption/rejection.
f. Observers may make comments at the request of the Chairperson.

Page 4, CODE OF CONDUCT
12. CFC members and observers will be expected to adhere to the code of conduct at all times.
Important among them are:
a. Dialogue to be used as the guiding principle during deliberations.
b. Use of civilized language.
c. Issues to be addressed to the Chair.
d. Personal attacks or animosity shall not be acceptable from any member.
e. Punctuality shall be observed by all members.
f. 0 member of CFC shall brief the press or issue statement on behalf of CFC unless with prior authorization by the Chairperson.
g. Confidentiality of CFC deliberations on need to know basis.
h. Avoid actions that may discredit any Party.
r. Place interests of Darfuris ahead of personal agendas.
J. Understand the CFC mandate and act within it.

Page 5, CEASE FIRE COMMISSION RESOURCES AND SECRETARIAT
13. The Chairperson shall exercise control over the CFC and all the SSCFCs. The Sector Commanders and Chief of Staff CFC Secretariat shall be directly answerable to the Chairperson on the management of CFC resources put under their control.

Page 5, CEASE FIRE COMMISSION RESOURCES AND SECRETARIAT
14. The Sector Commanders shall exercise control of the SSCFCs and Ceasefire TSGs within their AOR and remain answerable to the Chairperson. The SSCFC reports on violations shall be forwarded to the Chairperson through the CFC Secretariat.

Page 5, CEASE FIRE COMMISSION RESOURCES AND SECRETARIAT
15. The Chief of Staff CFC shall be responsible to the Chairperson for the effective and efficient support to the work of CFC. The Secretariat shall be organized to support the CFC on administrative matters. It shall be organized into cells for ease of administration.

Page 5, SECTOR SUB-CEASEFIRE COMMISSIONS
16. Each sector shall establish and maintain SSCFC to ensure an effective investigation and reporting cycle. The sectors shall establish a Secretariat to be headed by the chief sub CFC modeled on the CFC Secretariat. Team site groups comprising various elements at sub-unit/ unit levels shall be established as the primary sources of reporting and investigating incidents/violations to the CFA.

Page 5, FUNCTIONS OF SSCFC
17. The main functions of the SSCFC are to:
a. Oversee compliance of the Parties to their obligations within the Sector Area of Responsibility (AOR) as per the CFA.
b. Supervise, verify, investigate and report matters of disagreements and alleged violations between the Parties, in accordance with the CFA.
c. Implement CFC policy and directions.
d. Report periodically and refer unresolved complaints to the CFC at FHQ with a full explanation as to the matter in dispute.
e. Responsible for investigations of violations as stipulated in the CFA.
f. Assign tasks/missions to TSGs.

Page 5, FUNCTIONS OF SSCFC
18. When consensus cannot be reached on a particular issue, it shall be forwarded to the CFC for resolution.

Page 5-6, COMPOSITION
19. The SSCFC shall comprise of the following members:
a. Sector Commander - Chairperson
b. Party Reps (two each) - Members
c. UN Police Sector Commander - Vice Chairperson
d. Senior Military Observer - Member
e. Senior Liaison Officer - Member
f. Political Adviser - Member
g. UNDSS Representative - Member
h. Military Information Officer - Member
i. CIMIC Officer - Member
j. Chief SSCFC - Secretary

Page 6, REPORTS
20. SSCFCs shall forward their reports covering ceasefire violations/cessation of hostilities as clearly reaffirmed in the CFA or by any other agreement in force to CFC Secretariat by 1600 hrs daily.
21. As a minimum, the report is to cover:
a. Nature/Type of violation;
b. When and where it occurred;
c. Party/Parties involved;
d. Confirmed or unconfirmed;
e. UNAMID actions;
f. Other relevant facts/information.

Page 6, CEASEFIRE TEAMS SITE GROUPS
22. Ceasefire Team Site Groups (CTSG) provides SSCFC situational awareness and serves as the first level of conflict resolution within the mission.

Page 6, CEASEFIRE TEAMS SITE GROUPS
23. The CTSGs are charged with the responsibility of overseeing the compliance of the Parties to the ceasefire as enshrined in the CFA within their areas of responsibility. This will be achieved through monitoring, patrolling, visiting, inspecting, liaison, investigating, verification and reporting as directed and supervised by the SSCFC.

Page 6, COMPOSITION OF CEASEFIRE TEAM SITE GROUPS
24. The CTSGs at sub-unit level Area of Responsibility (AOR) shall be composed of:
a. Military Observer Team Leader - Chairperson
b. Party Reps (two each) - Members
c. Officer Commanding - Member
d. Civilian Police Detachment Commander - Member
e. CIMIC Officer - Member
f. Military Information Officer - Member
g. Military Liaison Officer - Secretary

Page 6, JOINT COMMISSION
25. The Joint Special Representative (JSR) shall chair the Commission and in his absence, the Deputy JSR shall perform the duties. The Commission shall be composed of the following:
a. JSR - Chair
b. State of Qatar - Member
c. Reps of Parties (three each) - Members
d. League of Arab States (LAS) - Member
e. European Union - Member
f. UNAMID Political Affairs - Secretary

Page 6, JOINT COMMISSION
26. The following states shall enjoy observer status and may be called upon by the Chair to address the Commission as required.
a. Canada
b. China
c. Norway

Page 7, FUNCTIONS/TERMS OF REFERENCE
27. The Commission shall be established to resolve disputes among parties referred to it by the CFC, and for ensuring the effective implementation of the provisions of the Final Security Arrangements.

Page 7, FUNCTIONS/TERMS OF REFERENCE
28. The Commission shall perform the following functions:
a. Follow-up the implementation of the ceasefire agreement signed in Doha between parties;
b. Be responsible for the interpretation of provisions in the CFA, when necessary. In case of gross violations, the Commission shall notify the UN Security Council and AU Peace and Security Council;
c. To arbitrate irregularities and violations and to accept and decide upon complaints filed by the parties that cannot be suitably addressed by the CFC. All attempts will be made to investigate fully and resolve contentious issues collaboratively and by consensus at the lowest level;
d. Draw attention to any act of evolution or development that would delay the implementation of the Doha agreement or compromise it and to take measures to avoid repetition;
e. To issue appropriate penalties and make further recommendations on punitive action; and
f. Any additional functions that the Commission may deem appropriate within the spirit of the agreement.

Page 7, MEETINGS
29. The Commission shall hold its meetings at the UNAMID headquarters in EI Fasher or by exception in any other country agreed by the Commission. The UNAMID Joint Special Representative shall chair the Commission.

Page 7, MEETINGS
30. The Commission shall meet on a monthly basis and shall issue a report after each meeting. The members shall be notified of the agenda and documentation at least seven days before each meeting. The Commission shall call emergency meetings, and forego this preliminary notification requirement, when deemed necessary. Parties may request the Commission to convene an emergency meeting when deemed necessary.

Page 7, MEETINGS
31. The Parties shall abide by and implement the Commission's recommendations on disciplinary measures relating to the ceasefire violations.

Page 7, MEETINGS
32. The Parties shall distribute to their members and constituencies, the reports of the Commission.

Page 7, MEETINGS
33. The Commission shall issue regular public statements on progress towards implementing this Agreement

Page 10, CEASEFIRE IMPLEMENTATION MECHANISM STRUCTURE
[Note: page is a diagram showing the command structure for the ceasefire implementation mechanism, with the Joint Commission at the top, and Team Site Groups at the bottom]
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: Security sector→DDR→DDR programmes
Page 2, CFC FUNCTIONS
7. The functions listed below are not exhaustive but every effort must be made to keep tasks functional and achievable. The CFC may only undertake new functions if they are endorsed and tasked by the Commission. The functions of the CFC, to be read in conjunction with articles (4) and (5) of the CFA, shall be to:
1. Support the Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR) of the ex-combatants as and when agreed by the Parties.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: No specific mention.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: Page 2, COMPOSITION OF THE CFC
8. The CFC shall be constituted as follows:
a. Force Commander - Chairperson
c. The State of Qatar - Member
d. UNAMID Police Commissioner - Member
e. UNAMID Director Political Affairs - Member
f. UNAMID Director Humanitarian Affairs - Member
g. UNAMID Senior Legal Officer Member - Member
h. Chief of Staff (CaS) CFC Secretary - Secretary
The Parties would decide on the number and composition of observers at a later date.

Page 3-4, DUTIES OF CFC MEMBERS
10. The duties and responsibilities of CFC members are:
a. The Chairperson. The duties and responsibilities of the Chairperson shall include among others:
(1) Preside over all CFC meetings.
(2) Define the CFC program of activities in accordance with existing agreements.
(3) Ensure implementation of both CFC and the Commission decisions that are within the CFC mandate, measures and recommendations.
(4) Order independent or supplementary investigations at CFC level whenever appropriate in accordance with existing agreements.
(5) Ensure submission of weekly reports to the Commission.
(6) Issue regular press statements on violations of the ceasefire, post these statements on the UN, AU and UNAMID websites, and give copies to the parties.
(7) Give guidance and direction to both the CFC Secretariat and the SSCFC.
(8) Ensure appropriate measures are undertaken for CFC members to respect the local laws and regulations, refrain from any action or activity incompatible with the impartial and international nature of their duties
b. The Police Commissioner - Adviser on police matters.
c. Senior Political Adviser -Adviser on political matters.
d. Senior Legal Officer -Adviser on legal matters.
e. Director Humanitarian Affairs - Adviser on Humanitarian Assistance/Coordination.
f. Senior Representatives of Parties to CFA -
(1) Represent the Parties' interests
(2) Ensure the Parties' cooperation with the CFC.
(3) Contribute to ensuring the effective functioning of the CFC
g. COS CFC - Secretary/Head of CFC Secretariat.

Page 4, MEETINGS
11. CFC meetings shall be held weekly or as called for by the Chairperson. The meetings shall be held in UNAMID HQ, EI Fasher or in any other venue as shall be decided by the Chairperson. The meetings shall be conducted under the following guidelines:
...
c. At least one (1) member per party and four (4) members from UNAMID shall be in attendance to constitute a quorum.
...
f. Observers may make comments at the request of the Chairperson.

Page 5, COMPOSITION
19. The SSCFC shall comprise of the following members:
...
c. UN Police Sector Commander - Vice Chairperson
...
g. UNDSS Representative - Member

Page 6, REPORTS
20. SSCFCs shall forward their reports covering ceasefire violations/cessation of hostilities as clearly reaffirmed in the CFA or by any other agreement in force to CFC Secretariat by 1600 hrs daily.
21. As a minimum, the report is to cover:
...
e. UNAMID actions;

Page 6, JOINT COMMISSION
25. The Joint Special Representative (JSR) shall chair the Commission and in his absence, the Deputy JSR shall perform the duties. The Commission shall be composed of the following:
b. State of Qatar - Member
d. League of Arab States (LAS) - Member
e. European Union - Member
f. UNAMID Political Affairs - Secretary

Page 6, JOINT COMMISSION
26. The following states shall enjoy observer status and may be called upon by the Chair to address the Commission as required.
a. Canada
b. China
c. Norway

Page 7, FUNCTIONS/TERMS OF REFERENCE
28. The Commission shall perform the following functions:
a. Follow-up the implementation of the ceasefire agreement signed in Doha between parties;
b. Be responsible for the interpretation of provisions in the CFA, when necessary. In case of gross violations, the Commission shall notify the UN Security Council and AU Peace and Security Council;

Page 7, MEETINGS
29. The Commission shall hold its meetings at the UNAMID headquarters in EI Fasher or by exception in any other country agreed by the Commission. The UNAMID Joint Special Representative shall chair the Commission.
Enforcement mechanism: [Summary: the document in its entirity details the enforcement mechanisms for the agreed on ceasefire.]
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: UN Peacemaker
http://peacemaker.un.org/
http://peacemaker.un.org/sudan-annex-ceasefire-implementation2010

Annex I to Ceasefire Agreement of 18 March 2010

CEASEFIRE IMPLEMENTATION MECHANISM

INTRODUCTION

1. This document is the Annex to the Ceasefire Agreement (CFA) signed on 18 March 2010 between the Government of Sudan and the Liberation and Justice Movement in Doha, Qatar.

The document provides for the structure and hierarchy of the Ceasefire Implementation Mechanism.

The Joint Commission hereafter referred to as the Commission and the Ceasefire Commission hereafter referred to as CFC shall hereby be established.

2. Observers are an important facet for the implementation of the CFA as they facilitate and advise the Commissions and parties.

They may include but are not limited to international/regional organizations and individual countries.

Observers may attend open sessions and meetings of the Commission, the CFC and Sub-CFCs.

If deemed appropriate and agreed upon by the Parties, observers will be briefed on closed sessions/meetings.

3. In addition to the Framework Agreement and the Ceasefire Agreement of 18 March 2010 the Parties have acknowledged the existence of the following:

a. Humanitarian Ceasefire Agreement on the Conflict in Darfur & Protocol on the Establishment of Humanitarian Assistance in Darfur of 08 April, 2004, N'Djamena, Chad

b. Agreement with the Sudanese Parties on the Modalities for the Establishment of the Ceasefire Commission and the Deployment of Observers in Darfur of 28 May 2004, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

c. Protocol Between the Government of Sudan, The Sudan Liberation Movement / Army and the Justice and Equality Movement on the Improvement of the Humanitarian Situation in Darfur of 09 November, 2004, Abuja, Nigeria

d. Protocol Between the Government of Sudan, The Sudan Liberation Movement / Army and the Justice and Equality Movement on the Enhancement of the Security Situation in Darfur in Accordance with the N'Djamena Agreement of 09 November, 2004, Abuja, Nigeria

e. Declaration of Principles for the Resolution of the Sudanese Conflict in Darfur of 05 July, 2005, Abuja, Nigeria

f. Darfur Peace Agreement of 05 May, 2006, Abuja, Nigeria

CEASEFIRE IMPLEMENTATION AND MONITORING STRUCTURE

4. The ceasefire implementation structure consists of three levels of monitoring mechanism involving the Joint Commission, Ceasefire Commission and the three Sector Sub-Ceasefire Commissions.

See Appendix 1.

CEASE FIRE COMMISSION (CFC)

5. The CFC shall comprise of the under listed components:

The CFC headquartered in EI Fasher.

The CFC Secretariat.

Sector Sub-Ceasefire Commission (SSCFC).

The Ceasefire Team Site Group (CTSG).

CFC FUNCTIONS

6. The CFC has overall responsibility for the monitoring and implementation of the Ceasefire Agreement.

The CFC shall endeavour to make decisions by consensus.

Where consensus cannot be reached, the CFC shall commit the issue for arbitration by the Commission.

The Parties shall be obliged to adhere to the recommendations of the Commission.

7. The functions listed below are not exhaustive but every effort must be made to keep tasks functional and achievable.

The CFC may only undertake new functions if they are endorsed and tasked by the Commission.

The functions of the CFC, to be read in conjunction with articles (4) and (5) of the CFA, shall be to:

Oversee compliance of the Parties to their obligations under the CFA

Coordinate planning, monitoring and verification of the implementation of the CFA.

Monitor the conduct of the forces of the Parties.

Receive information and monitor of permitted military movement and itineraries thereof.

Define the routes for all movement of forces in order to reduce risks of incidents;

the

administrative movements shall be notified to the CFC.

Support de-mining operations.

Coordinate production of master map showing disposition of the parties, and Demilitarized

Humanitarian Routes and zones around IDP camps.

h. Receive, verify, analyze and resolve complaints related to possible violations of the ceasefire.

i. Issue violation reports, if any party undertakes any Prohibited Activities, as stipulated in the CFA

J. Assist in the dissemination of information about the CF A k. Serving as a channel of communication between the Parties

1. Support the Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR) of the ex-combatants as and when agreed by the Parties.

COMPOSITION OF THE CFC

8. The CFC shall be constituted as follows:

a. Force Commander

Chairperson

Reps of Parties (three each)

The State of Qatar

UNAMID Police Commissioner

UNAMID Director Political Affairs

Members Member Member Member Member Member Secretary

UNAMID Director Humanitarian Affairs

UNAMID Senior Legal Officer

Chief of Staff (CaS) CFC

The Parties would decide on the number and composition of observers at a later date.

9. Chairperson.

The Force Commander shall chair all meetings of the CFC and in his absence the

Deputy Force Commander shall perform the duties.

DUTIES OF CFC MEMBERS

10. The duties and responsibilities of CFC members are:

a. The Chairperson.

The duties and responsibilities of the Chairperson shall include among

others:

(1) Preside over all CFC meetings.

(2) Define the CFC program of activities in accordance with existing agreements.

(3) Ensure implementation of both CFC and the Commission decisions that are within the CFC mandate, measures and recommendations.

(4) Order independent or supplementary investigations at CFC level whenever appropriate in accordance with existing agreements.

(5) Ensure submission of weekly reports to the Commission.

(6) Issue regular press statements on violations of the ceasefire, post these statements

on the UN, AU and UNAMID websites, and give copies to the parties.

(7) Give guidance and direction to both the CFC Secretariat and the SSCFC.

(8) Ensure appropriate measures are undertaken for CFC members to respect the local laws and regulations, refrain from any action or activity incompatible with the impartial and international nature of their duties

The Police Commissioner - Adviser on police matters.

Senior Political Adviser -Adviser on political matters.

Senior Legal Officer -Adviser on legal matters.

Director Humanitarian Affairs - Adviser on Humanitarian Assistance/Coordination.

Senior Representatives of Parties to CFA -

(1 ) Represent the Parties' interests

(2) Ensure the Parties' cooperation with the CFC.

(3) Contribute to ensuring the effective functioning of the CFC g. COS CFC - Secretary/Head of CFC Secretariat.

MEETINGS

11. CFC meetings shall be held weekly or as called for by the Chairperson.

The meetings shall be held in UNAMID HQ, EI Fasher or in any other venue as shall be decided by the Chairperson.

The meetings shall be conducted under the following guidelines:

The agenda for the meeting shall be adopted at the beginning of the session.

The CFC deliberations and decisions are reached by consensus but incase the parties are

unable to reach an agreement on a matter before the CFC;

the Chairperson shall refer the matter to the Commission for resolution.

The Parties shall be obliged to adhere to the ruling of the Commission.

c. At least one (1) member per party and four (4) members from UNAMID shall be in attendance to constitute a quorum.

d. At every session, minutes of meetings shall be signed by the secretary and authenticated by the Chairperson and brought to the next meeting for confirmation as a true record of the proceedings and shall be binding on the Parties.

e. Sub committees may be constituted for specific tasks whenever necessary and shall present their reports before the CFC for adoption/rejection.

f. Observers may make comments at the request of the Chairperson.

CODE OF CONDUCT

12. CFC members and observers will be expected to adhere to the code of conduct at all times.

Important among them are:

Dialogue to be used as the guiding principle during deliberations.

Use of civilized language.

Issues to be addressed to the Chair.

Personal attacks or animosity shall not be acceptable from any member.

Punctuality shall be observed by all members.

0 member of CFC shall brief the press or issue statement on behalf of CFC unless with

prior authorization by the Chairperson.

Confidentiality of CFC deliberations on need to know basis.

Avoid actions that may discredit any Party.

r. Place interests of Darfuris ahead of personal agendas.

J. Understand the CFC mandate and act within it.

CEASE FIRE COMMISSION RESOURCES AND SECRETARIAT

13. The Chairperson shall exercise control over the CFC and all the SSCFCs.

The Sector Commanders and Chief of Staff CFC Secretariat shall be directly answerable to the Chairperson on the management of CFC resources put under their control.

14. The Sector Commanders shall exercise control of the SSCFCs and Ceasefire TSGs within their AOR and remain answerable to the Chairperson.

The SSCFC reports on violations shall be forwarded to the Chairperson through the CFC Secretariat.

15. The Chief of Staff CFC shall be responsible to the Chairperson for the effective and efficient support to the work of CFC.

The Secretariat shall be organized to support the CFC on administrative matters.

It shall be organized into cells for ease of administration.

SECTOR SUB-CEASEFIRE COMMISSIONS

16. Each sector shall establish and maintain SSCFC to ensure an effective investigation and reporting cycle.

The sectors shall establish a Secretariat to be headed by the chief sub CFC modeled on the CFC Secretariat.

Team site groups comprising various elements at sub-unit!

unit levels shall be established as the primary sources of reporting and investigating incidents/violations to the CF A.

FUNCTIONS OF SSCFC

17. The main functions of the SSCFC are to:

a. Oversee compliance of the Parties to their obligations within the Sector Area of Responsibility (AOR) as per the CF A.

b. Supervise, verify, investigate and report matters of disagreements and alleged violations between the Parties, in accordance with the CF A.

c. Implement CFC policy and directions.

d. Report periodically and refer unresolved complaints to the CFC at FHQ with a full

explanation as to the matter in dispute.

Responsible for investigations of violations as stipulated in the CF A.

Assign tasks/missions to TSGs.

18. When consensus cannot be reached on a particular issue, it shall be forwarded to the CFC for resolution.

COMPOSITION

19. The SSCFC shall comprise of the following members:

Chairperson

Members

Vice Chairperson

Member

Member 5

a. Sector Commander

b. Party Reps (two each)

c. UN Police Sector Commander

d. Senior Military Observer

e. Senior Liaison Officer

Political Adviser

g. UNDSS Representative

h. Military Information Officer

Member Member Secretary

1. J.

CIMIC Officer ChiefSSCFC

REPORTS

20. SSCFCs shall forward their reports covering ceasefire violations/cessation of hostilities as clearly

reaffirmed in the CFA or by any other agreement in force to CFC Secretariat by 1600 hrs daily.

21.

As a minimum, the report is to cover:

Nature/Type of violation;

When and where it occurred;

Party/Parties involved;

Confirmed or unconfirmed;

UNAMID actions;

Other relevant facts/information.

CEASEFIRE TEAMS SITE GROUPS

22. Ceasefire Team Site Groups (CTSG) provides SSCFC situational awareness and serves as the first

level of conflict resolution within the mission.

23. The CTSGs are charged with the responsibility of overseeing the compliance of the Parties to the ceasefire as enshrined in the CFA within their areas of responsibility.

This will be achieved through monitoring, patrolling, visiting, inspecting, liaison, investigating, verification and reporting as directed and supervised by the SSCFC.

COMPOSITION OF CEASEFIRE TEAM SITE GROUPS

24. The CTSGs at sub-unit level Area of Responsibility (AOR) shall be composed of:

Military Observer Team Leader

Party Reps (two each)

Officer Commanding

Civilian Police Detachment Commander

CIMIC Officer

Chairperson Members Member Member Member Member Secretary

g. Military Liaison Officer

JOINT COMMISSION

Military Information Officer

25. The Joint Special Representative (JSR) shall chair the Commission and in his absence, the Deputy JSR shall perform the duties.

The Commission shall be composed of the following:

a. JSR

Chair

b. State of Qatar Member

c. Reps of Parties (three each) Members

d. League of Arab States (LAS) Member

e. European Union Member

f. UNAMID Political Affairs Secretary

26. The following states shall enjoy observer status and may be called upon by the Chair to address

the Commission as required.

Canada

China

Norway

FUNCTIONS/TERMS OF REFERENCE

27. The Commission shall be established to resolve disputes among parties referred to it by the CFC,

and for ensuring the effective implementation of the provisions of the Final Security Arrangements.

28.

The Commission shall perform the following functions:

Follow-up the implementation of the ceasefire agreement signed in Doha between parties;

Be responsible for the interpretation of provisions in the CFA, when necessary.

In case of

gross violations, the Commission shall notify the UN Security Council and AU Peace and Security Council;

c. To arbitrate irregularities and violations and to accept and decide upon complaints filed by the parties that cannot be suitably addressed by the CFC.

All attempts will be made to investigate fully and resolve contentious issues collaboratively and by consensus at the lowest level;

d. Draw attention to any act of evolution or development that would delay the implementation of the Doha agreement or compromise it and to take measures to avoid repetition;

To issue appropriate penalties and make further recommendations on punitive action;

and

Any additional functions that the Commission may deem appropriate within the spirit of

the agreement.

MEETINGS

29. The Commission shall hold its meetings at the UNAMID headquarters in EI Fasher or by exception in any other country agreed by the Commission.

The UNAMID Joint Special Representative shall chair the Commission.

30. The Commission shall meet on a monthly basis and shall issue a report after each meeting.

The members shall be notified of the agenda and documentation at least seven days before each meeting.

The Commission shall call emergency meetings, and forego this preliminary notification requirement, when deemed necessary.

Parties may request the Commission to convene an emergency meeting when deemed necessary.

31. The Parties shall abide by and implement the Commission's recommendations on disciplinary measures relating to the ceasefire violations.

The Parties shall distribute to their members and constituencies, the reports of the Commission.

The Commission shall issue regular public statements on progress towards implementing this

Agreement.

ABBREVIA TIONS

AOR Area of Responsibility

CFC Ceasefire Commission

COS Chief of Staff

DDR Demobilization, Disarmament, Reintegration DFC Deputy Force Commander

FC Force Commander

FHQ Force Headquarter

HQ Headquarters

M&V Monitoring and Verification

SSCFC Sector Sub- Ceasefire Commissions CTSG Ceasefire Team Site Group

UNDSS UN Department of Safety and Security

SSCFC Secretariat

Team Site Groups

SSCFC Secretariat

Team Site Groups

I--

Appendix 1 to Annex I to Ceasefire Agreement of18 March 2010 CEASEFIRE IMPLEMENTATION MECHANISM STRUCTURE

Joint Commission

Ceasefire Commission

CFCSecretariatI--

Sector North SSCFC

Sector South SSCFC

....- .

Sector West SSCFC

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Team Site Groups