Agreement between the Government of Sudan and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement on temporary arrangements for the administration and security of the Abyei Area

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Country/entity: South Sudan
Sudan
Southern Kordofan - Blue Nile - Abyei
Region: Africa (excl MENA)
Agreement name: Agreement between the Government of Sudan and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement on temporary arrangements for the administration and security of the Abyei Area
Date: 20 Jun 2011
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Sudan Conflicts (1955 - )
Agreements relate to several distinct dyads, and also the negotiated independence of South Sudan, and subsequent internal conflict in South Sudan. Sudan-South Sudan. The long-standing conflict between the north and the south of the country dates back to colonial times, where the British introduced a so-called ‘Southern Policy’, severely hampering population movements between these big regions. Immediately after gaining independence in 1956, southern movements started to fight for independence; this fight became professionalised in 1983 with the foundation of the soon internationally supported Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA). When the Islamic Front government introduced strict sharia laws in the south after it took over power in 1988 the war intensified. A decade later, the military situation reached a stalemate, enabling internationally facilitated peace negotiations to begin in 1997. After more fighting, a final negotiation push began in 2002, leading to the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Areement (CPA) in January 2005.

Sudan-South Sudan post referendum. South Sudan became independent in July 2011; since then, relations between the two countries are complicated and violent conflict led by the SPLM (North) in the Sudanese Nuba mountains region has since intensified.

Darfur. Other long-standing violent conflicts are in the east and the west of the country. In the east, the Beja Congress, established in 1957, is the spearhead of a currently ‘peaceful’ opposition movement. In the west, the violent conflict in Darfur intensified in the early 2000s and rapidly gained international attention, even resulting in genocide charges against leading figures of the Sudanese government. The situation on the ground is complex, with over a dozen organisations (most notably the Sudanese Liberation Movement and the Justice and Equality Movement) fighting the Sudanese government and allied groups like the Janjaweed – although all parties have switched sides on numerous occasions. Several mediation attempts have not been successful, due to the shaky commitment of the Sudanese central government and the distrust among the armed opposition.

South Sudan - internal
In December 2013, after president Salva Kiir accused opposition leader Riek Machar of attempting a coup, violent conflict broke out between government forces of the SPLM/A and anti-governmental groups. In addition, several other political militias as well as communal militias have joined the conflict. In 2015 the Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in South Sudan (ARCSS) was signed. Due to unsuccessful implementation the agreement was revitalized in 2018. In September 2019, Kiir and Machar agreed to establish a power-sharing government after struggles on forming a unity transitional government.
Stage: Framework/substantive - partial
Conflict nature: Government/territory
Peace process: Kordofan - Blue Nile - Abyei process
Parties: Idress Abdel Gadir, Government of Sudan; Pagan Amum Okiech, Sudan People's Liberation Movement
Third parties: Witnessed by: Thabo Mvuyelwa Mbeki, African Union High Level Implementation Panel
Description: An agreement on administration and security arrangement for Abyei Area, which include the devolution of power to the Abyei Area Administration, with oversight from the Abyei Joint Oversight Committee, as well as the demilitarisation of the Area with the exception of the UN-authorised and Ethiopian-provided Interim Security Force for Abyei (ISFA). The parties also reaffirmed their commitment to resolve the final status of Abyei peacefully, and with the consideration of African Union High Level Implementation Panel proposals on the matter.

Agreement document: SD_110620_Agmt between GoS and SPLM on Temporary Arrangements for Abyei.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: Groups→Refugees/displaced persons→Substantive
Page 7, (VI) Humanitarian Activities
36. All displaced former residents of Abyei have the right to return to their former places of residence. The Parties shall facilitate the rapid return of IDPs.
38. The Parties shall make a joint appeal for assistance for return and rehabilitation of people displace or otherwise affected by the conflict, including assistance to those who have lost livelihoods, income or assets.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: Page 2, Introduction
1. This Agreement between the Government of Sudan (GoS) and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM) (hereinafter, the Parties) provides for temporary administrative arrangements for Abyei Area and for the redeployment of Sudanese military forces (Sudan Armed Forces and Sudan People's Liberation Army) from Abyei Area, immediately consequent on the deployment of an Interim Security Force for Abyei (ISFA) composed of Ethiopian troops.

Page 8, (VIII) Process for Resolution of the Final Status of Abyei
40. The Parties reiterate their commitment to resolve peacefully the final status of Abyei, and shall therefore consider, in good faith, proposals that the African Union High Level Implementation Panel shall make to resolve this matter. The Panel shall be advised by the President of Sudan and the President of the Government of Southern Sudan, on the timeframe within which to present its proposals.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: Page 2, Introduction
2. The Provisions of this agreement shall not prejudge the final status of Abyei Area whose borders have been defined by the Permanent Court of Arbitration. Except as modified by the terms herein, this Agreement respects the provisions of the Protocol on the Resolution of the Abyei Conflict (Abyei Protocol). The 1 January 1956 line between the north and the south will be inviolate, unless changed as a result of the outcome of the referendum foreseen in the Abyei Protocol or other decisions of the Parties on the final status of Abyei.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): Governance→Political institutions (new or reformed)→Temporary new institutions
Page 2, Introduction
1. This Agreement between the Government of Sudan (GoS) and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM) (hereinafter, the Parties) provides for temporary administrative arrangements for Abyei Area and for the redeployment of Sudanese military forces (Sudan Armed Forces and Sudan People's Liberation Army) from Abyei Area, immediately consequent on the deployment of an Interim Security Force for Abyei (ISFA) composed of Ethiopian troops.

Page 2, Introduction
2. The Provisions of this agreement shall not prejudge the final status of Abyei Area whose borders have been defined by the Permanent Court of Arbitration. Except as modified by the terms herein, this Agreement respects the provisions of the Protocol on the Resolution of the Abyei Conflict (Abyei Protocol). The 1 January 1956 line between the north and the south will be inviolate, unless changed as a result of the outcome of the referendum foreseen in the Abyei Protocol or other decisions of the Parties on the final status of Abyei.

Page 2-3, (I) Abyei Area Administration
[Establishes Abyei Administration; see Power-sharing for mechanism of governance]

Page 3, (I) Abyei Area Administration
6. The Abyei Area Administration shall exercise those powers contained in the Abyei Protocol paragraph 2.5, with the exception of subparagraph 2.5.2, ("supervise and promote security and stability in the area") which shall be deleted, with the powers transferred to the Abyei Joint Oversight Committee (AJOC) see (II) below.

Page 3, (I) Abyei Area Administration
9. The Parties shall constitute a committee to nominate and agree on the Abyei Area Administration including the chief Administrator and Deputy Chief Administrator, by 22nd Jun 2011. The Parties shall exchange their respective nominations by no later than the 21st.

Page 3, (II) Abyei Joint Oversight Committee
10. There shall be established an Abyei Joint Oversight Committee (AJOC) which shall be composed of four members. Each Party shall appoint two members to the committee. Two members of the committee shall serve as joint hairs, one nominated by each Party.

Page 3, (II) Abyei Joint Oversight Committee
11. The African Union Commission Chairperson shall appoint a non-voting member as a facilitator to assist the work of the AJOC.

Page 3, (II) Abyei Joint Oversight Committee
12. The ISFA Force Commander shall attend the AJOC as a non-voting member when security matters are under discussion.

Page 4, (II) Abyei Joint Oversight Committee
13. The AJOC shall exercise, on behalf of the President of Sudan and the President of South Sudan, a political and administrative oversight of the Executive Council, and shall submit a monthly report to the President of Sudan and the President of South Sudan, for as long as this mechanism remains in place.

Page 4, (II) Abyei Joint Oversight Committee
14. The AJOC shall, in accordance with paragraph 6 of this Agreement, assume those powers allocated to the Abyei Executive Council in sub-paragraph 2.5.2. of the Abyei Protocol.

Page 4, (II) Abyei Joint Oversight Committee
15. The Presidents may jointly direct the AJOC to deal with any matter relating to Abyei, including in the case of deadlock in the Executive Council.

Page 4, (II) Abyei Joint Oversight Committee
16. In the event of dealock within the AJOC, the AJOC Co-Chairs may refer any question to the Presidents for their guidance. The opinions and recommendations of the non-voting member of the AJOC shall be forwarded along with the referral.

Page 4, (II) Abyei Joint Oversight Committee
17. The Executive Council shall submit a weekly report to the AJOC, giving an overall picture of the situation in the Abyei Area, including security-related matters.

Page 4, (II) Abyei Joint Oversight Committee
18. The AJOC may direct the Executive Council or any official or committee of the Abyei Area to provide it with a report on any matters within its powers. The AJOC may hold meetings with the Executive Council to discuss any matter within its mandate.

Page 5, (IV) Security Arrangements
24. The JMOC will submit reports to the AJOC.

Page 8, (VIII) Process for Resolution of the Final Status of Abyei
40. The Parties reiterate their commitment to resolve peacefully the final status of Abyei, and shall therefore consider, in good faith, proposals that the African Union High Level Implementation Panel shall make to resolve this matter. The Panel shall be advised by the President of Sudan and the President of the Government of Southern Sudan, on the timeframe within which to present its proposals.

Page 8, (VIII) Process for Resolution of the Final Status of Abyei
41. This Agreement and the Abyei Protocol (except modified by the terms herein) shall continue to apply until such time as the final status of Abyei has been resolved.

Page 8, (VIII) Process for Resolution of the Final Status of Abyei
42. Any question regarding the interpretation of this Agreement shall be determined by the AJOC. In the event that the AJOC fails to agree on an interpretation, the Co-Chairs may refer the question to the Presidents for their joint resolution.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: Page 6, (V) Interim Security Force for Abyei (ISFA)
27. The ISFA shall be established to undertake the following roles: [...]
f. Facilitation and protection of humanitarian assistance;

Page 7, (VI) Humanitarian Activities
37. The Parties shall ensure that humanitarian assistance reaches those in need and shall facilitate the work of the United Nations and other humanitarian agencies.

Page 7, (VI) Humanitarian Activities
38. The Parties shall make a joint appeal for assistance for return and rehabilitation of people displace or otherwise affected by the conflict, including assistance to those who have lost livelihoods, income or assets.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: Power sharing→Political power sharing→General
Sub-state level
Page 4, (II) Abyei Joint Oversight Committee
13. The AJOC shall exercise, on behalf of the President of Sudan and the President of South Sudan, a political and administrative oversight of the Executive Council, and shall submit a monthly report to the President of Sudan and the President of South Sudan, for as long as this mechanism remains in place.

Page 2, Introduction
1. This Agreement between the Government of Sudan (GoS) and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM) (hereinafter, the Parties) provides for temporary administrative arrangements for Abyei Area and for the redeployment of Sudanese military forces (Sudan Armed Forces and Sudan People's Liberation Army) from Abyei Area, immediately consequent on the deployment of an Interim Security Force for Abyei (ISFA) composed of Ethiopian troops.

Page 2, (I) Abyei Area Administration
4. The Abyei Area Administration shall consist of a Chief Administrator, a Deputy Chief Administrator and five heads of departments.

Page 3, (I) Abyei Area Administration
6. The Abyei Area Administration shall exercise those powers contained in the Abyei Protocol paragraph 2.5, with the exception of subparagraph 2.5.2, ("supervise and promote security and stability in the area") which shall be deleted, with the powers transferred to the Abyei Joint Oversight Committee (AJOC) see (II) below.

Page 4, (II) Abyei Joint Oversight Committee
13. The AJOC shall exercise, on behalf of the President of Sudan and the President of South Sudan, a political and administrative oversight of the Executive Council, and shall submit a monthly report to the President of Sudan and the President of South Sudan, for as long as this mechanism remains in place.
Power sharing→Political power sharing→Executive coalition
Sub-state level
Page 3, (II) Abyei Joint Oversight Committee
10. There shall be established an Abyei Joint Oversight Committee (AJOC) which shall be composed of four members. Each Party shall appoint two members to the committee. Two members of the committee shall serve as joint chairs, one nominated by each Party.

Page 4, (II) Abyei Joint Oversight Committee
13. The AJOC shall exercise, on behalf of the President of Sudan and the President of South Sudan, a political and administrative oversight of the Executive Council, and shall submit a monthly report to the President of Sudan and the President of South Sudan, for as long as this mechanism remains in place.

Page 4, (II) Abyei Joint Oversight Committee
14. The AJOC shall, in accordance with paragraph 6 of this Agreement, assume those powers allocated to the Abyei Executive Council in sub-paragraph 2.5.2. of the Abyei Protocol.
Power sharing→Political power sharing→Other proportionality
Sub-state level
Page 2, (I) Abyei Area Administration
4. The Abyei Area Administration shall consist of a Chief Administrator, a Deputy Chief Administrator and five heads of departments.

Page 2, (I) Abyei Area Administration
5. The Chief Administrator shall be a nominee of the SPLM, agreed by the GoS. The Deputy chief Administrator shall be nominee of the GoS, agreed by the SPLM. In each instance, the nominating Party shall make three nominations for each positions, from which the other Party must agree one. Of the five heads of department, three shall be nominees of the SPLM, and two shall be nominees of the GoS.

Page 3, (I) Abyei Area Administration
6. The Abyei Area Administration shall exercise those powers contained in the Abyei Protocol paragraph 2.5, with the exception of subparagraph 2.5.2, ("supervise and promote security and stability in the area") which shall be deleted, with the powers transferred to the Abyei Joint Oversight Committee (AJOC) see (II) below.

Page 3, (I) Abyei Area Administration
8. The Abyei Area Council shall continue to be composed of twenty members consistent with the Abyei Protocol. The Chairperson of the Council shall be elected by the members of the Council from a list of three (3) persons nominated by the GoS.

Page 3, (I) Abyei Area Administration
9. The Parties shall constitute a committee to nominate and agree on the Abyei Area Administration including the chief Administrator and Deputy Chief Administrator, by 22nd Jun 2011. The Parties shall exchange their respective nominations by no later than the 21st.
Power sharing→Political power sharing→Form of 'veto' or communal majority
Sub-state level
Page 3, (I) Abyei Area Administration
7. Decisions of the Executive Council shall be made by consensus. A quorum of the Executive Council shall be five members present.

Page 4, (II) Abyei Joint Oversight Committee
15. The Presidents may jointly direct the AJOC to deal with any matter relating to Abyei, including in the case of deadlock in the Executive Council.

Page 4, (II) Abyei Joint Oversight Committee
16. In the event of dealock within the AJOC, the AJOC Co-Chairs may refer any question to the Presidents for their guidance. The opinions and recommendations of the non-voting member of the AJOC shall be forwarded along with the referral.
Power sharing→Political power sharing→International involvement
Sub-state level
Page 3, (II) Abyei Joint Oversight Committee
11. The African Union Commission Chairperson shall appoint a non-voting member as a facilitator to assist the work of the AJOC.
Territorial power sharing: Power sharing→Territorial power sharing→Autonomous regions
Page 2, Introduction
1. This Agreement between the Government of Sudan (GoS) and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM) (hereinafter, the Parties) provides for temporary administrative arrangements for Abyei Area and for the redeployment of Sudanese military forces (Sudan Armed Forces and Sudan People's Liberation Army) from Abyei Area, immediately consequent on the deployment of an Interim Security Force for Abyei (ISFA) composed of Ethiopian troops.

Page 2, Introduction
2. The Provisions of this agreement shall not prejudge the final status of Abyei Area whose borders have been defined by the Permanent Court of Arbitration. Except as modified by the terms herein, this Agreement respects the provisions of the Protocol on the Resolution of the Abyei Conflict (Abyei Protocol). The 1 January 1956 line between the north and the south will be inviolate, unless changed as a result of the outcome of the referendum foreseen in the Abyei Protocol or other decisions of the Parties on the final status of Abyei.

Page 2, (I) Abyei Area Administration
4. The Abyei Area Administration shall consist of a Chief Administrator, a Deputy Chief Administrator and five heads of departments.

Page 2, (I) Abyei Area Administration
5. The Chief Administrator shall be a nominee of the SPLM, agreed by the GoS. The Deputy chief Administrator shall be nominee of the GoS, agreed by the SPLM. In each instance, the nominating Party shall make three nominations for each positions, from which the other Party must agree one. Of the five heads of department, three shall be nominees of the SPLM, and two shall be nominees of the GoS.

Page 3, (I) Abyei Area Administration
6. The Abyei Area Administration shall exercise those powers contained in the Abyei Protocol paragraph 2.5, with the exception of subparagraph 2.5.2, ("supervise and promote security and stability in the area") which shall be deleted, with the powers transferred to the Abyei Joint Oversight Committee (AJOC) see (II) below.

Page 3, (I) Abyei Area Administration
7. Decisions of the Executive Council shall be made by consensus. A quorum of the Executive Council shall be five members present.

Page 3, (I) Abyei Area Administration
8. The Abyei Area Council shall continue to be composed of twenty members consistent with the Abyei Protocol. The Chairperson of the Council shall be elected by the members of the Council from a list of three (3) persons nominated by the GoS.

Page 3, (I) Abyei Area Administration
9. The Parties shall constitute a committee to nominate and agree on the Abyei Area Administration including the chief Administrator and Deputy Chief Administrator, by 22nd Jun 2011. The Parties shall exchange their respective nominations by no later than the 21st.

Page 3, (II) Abyei Joint Oversight Committee
10. There shall be established an Abyei Joint Oversight Committee (AJOC) which shall be composed of four members. Each Party shall appoint two members to the committee. Two members of the committee shall serve as joint hairs, one nominated by each Party.

Page 4, (II) Abyei Joint Oversight Committee
13. The AJOC shall exercise, on behalf of the President of Sudan and the President of South Sudan, a political and administrative oversight of the Executive Council, and shall submit a monthly report to the President of Sudan and the President of South Sudan, for as long as this mechanism remains in place.

Page 4, (II) Abyei Joint Oversight Committee
14. The AJOC shall, in accordance with paragraph 6 of this Agreement, assume those powers allocated to the Abyei Executive Council in sub-paragraph 2.5.2. of the Abyei Protocol.

Page 4, (II) Abyei Joint Oversight Committee
15. The Presidents may jointly direct the AJOC to deal with any matter relating to Abyei, including in the case of deadlock in the Executive Council.

Page 4, (II) Abyei Joint Oversight Committee
16. In the event of dealock within the AJOC, the AJOC Co-Chairs may refer any question to the Presidents for their guidance. The opinions and recommendations of the non-voting member of the AJOC shall be forwarded along with the referral.

Page 4, (II) Abyei Joint Oversight Committee
18. The AJOC may direct the Executive Council or any official or committee of the Abyei Area to provide it with a report on any matters within its powers. The AJOC may hold meetings with the Executive Council to discuss any matter within its mandate.
Economic power sharing: Power sharing→Economic power sharing→Sharing of resources
Page 4, (III) Finance
19. The Abyei Area Executive Council shall draw up a budget for review and approval by the Abyei Area Council. The GoS and GOSS shall jointly finance that budget.
Military power sharing: Power sharing→Military power sharing→Proportionality
Page 5, (IV) Security Arrangements
22. A Joint Military Observer Committee (JMOC), consisting of an equal number of observers from the two Parties shall be stationed in Abyei. The Force Commander of ISFA shall chair the JMOC. The JMOC shall liaise with carrying out its functions.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: Human rights and equality→Civil and political rights→Freedom of movement
Page 7, (VII) Pastoralist Migration
39. Consistent with the Abyei Protocol, pastoral nomads shall enjoy rights of migration and access to pasture and water in accordance with traditional migration routes in the Abyei area.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: Page 6, (V) Interim Security Force for Abyei (ISFA)
27. The ISFA shall be established to undertake the following roles: [...]
f. Facilitation and protection of humanitarian assistance;
Protection measures: Rights related issues→Protection measures→Other
Page 6, (V) Interim Security Force for Abyei (ISFA)
27. The ISFA shall be established to undertake the following roles: [...]
f. Facilitation and protection of humanitarian assistance;

Page 5, (IV) Security Arrangements
23. The military shall form Joint Military Observer Teams. The military observers shall be unarmed. They shall be protected by the ISFA.

Page 5, (IV) Security Arrangements
24. The JMOC will submit reports to the AJOC.

Page 6, (V) Interim Security Force for Abyei (ISFA)
27. The ISFA shall be established to undertake the following roles:
a. Monitoring and verification;
b. Protection of monitoring teams;
c. Security within Abyei area;
d. Protection of the borders of Abyei from incursions by unauthorised elements
e. Support and capacity building to Abyei Police Service;
f. Facilitation and protection of humanitarian assistance;
g. Protection of civilians under imminent threat.
Other: Page 7, (VI) Humanitarian Activities
36. All displaced former residents of Abyei have the right to return to their former places of residence. The Parties shall facilitate the rapid return of IDPs.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: Socio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Humanitarian assistance
Page 6, (V) Interim Security Force for Abyei (ISFA)
27. The ISFA shall be established to undertake the following roles: [...]
f. Facilitation and protection of humanitarian assistance;

Page 7, (VI) Humanitarian Activities
36. All displaced former residents of Abyei have the right to return to their former places of residence. The Parties shall facilitate the rapid return of IDPs.

Page 7, (VI) Humanitarian Activities
37. The Parties shall ensure that humanitarian assistance reaches those in need and shall facilitate the work of the United Nations and other humanitarian agencies.

Page 7, (VI) Humanitarian Activities
38. The Parties shall make a joint appeal for assistance for return and rehabilitation of people displace or otherwise affected by the conflict, including assistance to those who have lost livelihoods, income or assets.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: Page 5, (IV) Security Arrangements
26. A special unit of the Abyei Police Service shall deal with the particular issues arising from nomadic migration including accompanying nomads within the Abyei Area on their annual migrations.

Page 7, (VII) Pastoralist Migration
39. Consistent with the Abyei Protocol, pastoral nomads shall enjoy rights of migration and access to pasture and water in accordance with traditional migration routes in the Abyei area.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: Page 7, (VII) Pastoralist Migration
39. Consistent with the Abyei Protocol, pastoral nomads shall enjoy rights of migration and access to pasture and water in accordance with traditional migration routes in the Abyei area.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: Page 2, Introduction
1. This Agreement between the Government of Sudan (GoS) and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM) (hereinafter, the Parties) provides for temporary administrative arrangements for Abyei Area and for the redeployment of Sudanese military forces (Sudan Armed Forces and Sudan People's Liberation Army) from Abyei Area, immediately consequent on the deployment of an Interim Security Force for Abyei (ISFA) composed of Ethiopian troops.

Page 3, (I) Abyei Area Administration
6. The Abyei Area Administration shall exercise those powers contained in the Abyei Protocol paragraph 2.5, with the exception of subparagraph 2.5.2, ("supervise and promote security and stability in the area") which shall be deleted, with the powers transferred to the Abyei Joint Oversight Committee (AJOC) see (II) below.

Page 3, (II) Abyei Joint Oversight Committee
12. The ISFA Force Commander shall attend the AJOC as a non-voting member when security matters are under discussion.

Page 4, (II) Abyei Joint Oversight Committee
14. The AJOC shall, in accordance with paragraph 6 of this Agreement, assume those powers allocated to the Abyei Executive Council in sub-paragraph 2.5.2. of the Abyei Protocol.

Page 4, (II) Abyei Joint Oversight Committee
17. The Executive Council shall submit a weekly report to the AJOC, giving an overall picture of the situation in the Abyei Area, including security-related matters.

Page 5, (IV) Security Arrangements
20. With the exception of ISFA, the Abyei Area shall be demilitarized. Any SAF and SPLA forces shall redeploy out of the Area. Henceforth, all other forces, apart from the ISFA shall remain outside of the boundaries of Abyei Area, as defined by the Permanent Court of Arbitration.

Page 5, (IV) Security Arrangements
21. As soon as authorised by the United Nations, the ISFA shall deploy in the Abyei Area.

Page 5, (IV) Security Arrangements
22. A Joint Military Observer Committee (JMOC), consisting of an equal number of observers from the two Parties shall be stationed in Abyei. The Force Commander of ISFA shall chair the JMOC. The JMOC shall liaise with carrying out its functions.

Page 5, (IV) Security Arrangements
23. The military shall form Joint Military Observer Teams. The military observers shall be unarmed. They shall be protected by the ISFA.

Page 5, (IV) Security Arrangements
24. The JMOC will submit reports to the AJOC.

Page 6, (V) Interim Security Force for Abyei (ISFA)
27. The ISFA shall be established to undertake the following roles:
a. Monitoring and verification;
b. Protection of monitoring teams;
c. Security within Abyei area;
d. Protection of the borders of Abyei from incursions by unauthorised elements
e. Support and capacity building to Abyei Police Service;
f. Facilitation and protection of humanitarian assistance;
g. Protection of civilians under imminent threat.

Page 6, (V) Interim Security Force for Abyei (ISFA)
28. The Government of Sudan, the SPLM and the UN shall constitute a joint committee with the Government of Ethiopia to draft the mandate for ISFA, based upon the roles specified in paragraph 27 of this Agreement. The draft shall be submitted to the UN Security Council. The committee shall complete its work no later than 21st June 2011.

Page 6, (V) Interim Security Force for Abyei (ISFA)
29. The Government of Sudan and the SPLM will request the UN Security council to approve the deployment and mandate of the ISFA, with the understanding that the mandate referred to in paragraph 27 of this Agreement shall not be changed without the agreement of the GoS, the SPLM and the Government of Ethiopia.

Page 6, (V) Interim Security Force for Abyei (ISFA)
30. The ISFA shall consist of one brigade (armoured) provided by the Ethiopian National Defense Force. The Force Commander shall be an Ethiopian officer of the rank of Brigadier General or above.

Page 6, (V) Interim Security Force for Abyei (ISFA)
31. The ISFA shall be deployed and financed by the UN on the basis of the above mandate.

Page 7, (V) Interim Security Force for Abyei (ISFA)
32. The ISFA shall work to implement this mandate in collaboration with the Parties, Abyei Area Administration and AJOC. It shall be led by a Force Commander who shall report to the UN.

Page 7, (V) Interim Security Force for Abyei (ISFA)
33. The ISFA Force Commander shall brief the AJOC regularly on the situation pertinent to his responsibility.

Page 7, (V) Interim Security Force for Abyei (ISFA)
34. Immediately on the authorisation from the UN Security Council, an ISFA advance team shall be despatched to the Abyei Area to finalize detailed deployment plans, the plans for the establishment of the Joint Military Observation Committee, and the details for the demilitarisation of the Area.

Page 7, (V) Interim Security Force for Abyei (ISFA)
35. The ISFA will be deployed according the schedule contained in Annex A.

Page 10, Annex A: Timeline of Activities
D-Day: United Nations Security Council authorisation
D+1: Deployment of Advance Party (Advon1) to Abyei
D+3: Completion of Rules of Engagement and Status of Force Agreements
D+5: Deployment Advon2
D+9: Deployment of main body
D+10-13: Relief in place (redeployment and handover of responsibility)
Ceasefire: No specific mention.
Police: Page 5, (IV) Security Arrangements
25. An Abyei Police Service shall be established. The AJOC shall determine its size and composition.

Page 5, (IV) Security Arrangements
26. A special unit of the Abyei Police Service shall deal with the particular issues arising from nomadic migration including accompanying nomads within the Abyei Area on their annual migrations.

Page 6, (V) Interim Security Force for Abyei (ISFA)
27. The ISFA shall be established to undertake the following roles: [...]
e. Support and capacity building to Abyei Police Service;
Armed forces: Page 2, Introduction
1. This Agreement between the Government of Sudan (GoS) and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM) (hereinafter, the Parties) provides for temporary administrative arrangements for Abyei Area and for the redeployment of Sudanese military forces (Sudan Armed Forces and Sudan People's Liberation Army) from Abyei Area, immediately consequent on the deployment of an Interim Security Force for Abyei (ISFA) composed of Ethiopian troops.

Page 5, (IV) Security Arrangements
20. With the exception of ISFA, the Abyei Area shall be demilitarized. Any SAF and SPLA forces shall redeploy out of the Area. Henceforth, all other forces, apart from the ISFA shall remain outside of the boundaries of Abyei Area, as defined by the Permanent Court of Arbitration.
DDR: Security sector→DDR→Demilitarisation provisions
Page 5, (IV) Security Arrangements
20. With the exception of ISFA, the Abyei Area shall be demilitarized. Any SAF and SPLA forces shall redeploy out of the Area. Henceforth, all other forces, apart from the ISFA shall remain outside of the boundaries of Abyei Area, as defined by the Permanent Court of Arbitration.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: Page 6, (V) Interim Security Force for Abyei (ISFA)
27. The ISFA shall be established to undertake the following roles: [...]
d. Protection of the borders of Abyei from incursions by unauthorised elements
~
Page 2, Introduction
1. This Agreement between the Government of Sudan (GoS) and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM) (hereinafter, the Parties) provides for temporary administrative arrangements for Abyei Area and for the redeployment of Sudanese military forces (Sudan Armed Forces and Sudan People's Liberation Army) from Abyei Area, immediately consequent on the deployment of an Interim Security Force for Abyei (ISFA) composed of Ethiopian troops.

Page 5, (IV) Security Arrangements
20. With the exception of ISFA, the Abyei Area shall be demilitarized. Any SAF and SPLA forces shall redeploy out of the Area. Henceforth, all other forces, apart from the ISFA shall remain outside of the boundaries of Abyei Area, as defined by the Permanent Court of Arbitration.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: Page 7, (VI) Humanitarian Activities
38. The Parties shall make a joint appeal for assistance for return and rehabilitation of people displace or otherwise affected by the conflict, including assistance to those who have lost livelihoods, income or assets.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: Witnessed by: Thabo Mvuyelwa Mbeki, African Union High Level Implementation Panel
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: Page 2, Introduction
1. This Agreement between the Government of Sudan (GoS) and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM) (hereinafter, the Parties) provides for temporary administrative arrangements for Abyei Area and for the redeployment of Sudanese military forces (Sudan Armed Forces and Sudan People's Liberation Army) from Abyei Area, immediately consequent on the deployment of an Interim Security Force for Abyei (ISFA) composed of Ethiopian troops.

Page 5, (IV) Security Arrangements
21. As soon as authorised by the United Nations, the ISFA shall deploy in the Abyei Area.

Page 6, (V) Interim Security Force for Abyei (ISFA)
27. The ISFA shall be established to undertake the following roles:
a. Monitoring and verification;
b. Protection of monitoring teams;
c. Security within Abyei area;
d. Protection of the borders of Abyei from incursions by unauthorised elements
e. Support and capacity building to Abyei Police Service;
f. Facilitation and protection of humanitarian assistance;
g. Protection of civilians under imminent threat.

Page 6, (V) Interim Security Force for Abyei (ISFA)
28. The Government of Sudan, the SPLM and the UN shall constitute a joint committee with the Government of Ethiopia to draft the mandate for ISFA, based upon the roles specified in paragraph 27 of this Agreement. The draft shall be submitted to the UN Security Council. The committee shall complete its work no later than 21st June 2011.

Page 6, (V) Interim Security Force for Abyei (ISFA)
29. The Government of Sudan and the SPLM will request the UN Security council to approve the deployment and mandate of the ISFA, with the understanding that the mandate referred to in paragraph 27 of this Agreement shall not be changed without the agreement of the GoS, the SPLM and the Government of Ethiopia.

Page 6, (V) Interim Security Force for Abyei (ISFA)
30. The ISFA shall consist of one brigade (armoured) provided by the Ethiopian National Defense Force. The Force Commander shall be an Ethiopian officer of the rank of Brigadier General or above.

Page 6, (V) Interim Security Force for Abyei (ISFA)
31. The ISFA shall be deployed and financed by the UN on the basis of the above mandate.

Page 7, (V) Interim Security Force for Abyei (ISFA)
32. The ISFA shall work to implement this mandate in collaboration with the Parties, Abyei Area Administration and AJOC. It shall be led by a Force Commander who shall report to the UN.

Page 7, (V) Interim Security Force for Abyei (ISFA)
33. The ISFA Force Commander shall brief the AJOC regularly on the situation pertinent to his responsibility.

Page 7, (V) Interim Security Force for Abyei (ISFA)
34. Immediately on the authorisation from the UN Security Council, an ISFA advance team shall be despatched to the Abyei Area to finalize detailed deployment plans, the plans for the establishment of the Joint Military Observation Committee, and the details for the demilitarisation of the Area.

Page 7, (V) Interim Security Force for Abyei (ISFA)
35. The ISFA will be deployed according the schedule contained in Annex A.

Page 10, Annex A: Timeline of Activities
D-Day: United Nations Security Council authorisation
D+1: Deployment of Advance Party (Advon1) to Abyei
D+3: Completion of Rules of Engagement and Status of Force Agreements
D+5: Deployment Advon2
D+9: Deployment of main body
D+10-13: Relief in place (redeployment and handover of responsibility)
Enforcement mechanism: Page 2, Introduction
3. The Parties request the African Union and the United Nations to support this Agreement and its implementation.

Page 8, (IX) Effective Date
43. This Agreement shall come into force upon signature, and shall be implemented in accordance with the timelines indicated in Annex A herein.

Page 10, Annex A: Timeline of Activities
D-Day: United Nations Security Council authorisation
D+1: Deployment of Advance Party (Advon1) to Abyei
D+3: Completion of Rules of Engagement and Status of Force Agreements
D+5: Deployment Advon2
D+9: Deployment of main body
D+10-13: Relief in place (redeployment and handover of responsibility)
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: Peacemaker.un.org,. 2015. 'UN Peacemaker'. http://peacemaker.un.org.

Agreement Between The Government of the Republic of Sudan and The Sudan People's Liberation Movement On Temporary Arrangements for the Administration and Security of the Abyei Area

Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

20 June 2011

Introduction

l. This Agreement between the Government of Sudan (GoS) and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM) (hereinafter, the Parties) provides for temporary administrative arrangements for Abyei Area and for the redeployment of Sudanese military forces (Sudan Armed Forces and Sudan People's Liberation Army) from Abyei Area, immediately consequent on the deployment of an Interim Security Force for Abyei (ISFA) composed of Ethiopian troops.

2. The provisions of this Agreement shall not prejudge the final status of Abyei Area whose borders have been defined by the Permanent Court of Arbitration.

Except as modified by the terms herein, this Agreement respects the provisions of the Protocol on the Resolution of the Abyei Conflict (the Abyei Protocol).

The 1 January 1956 line between the north and the south will be inviolate, unless changed as a result of the outcome of the referendum foreseen in the Abyei Protocol or other decision of the Parties on the final status of Abyei.

3. The Parties request the African Union and the United Nations to support this Agreement and its implementation.

(I) Abyei Area Administration

4. The Abyei Area Administration shall consist of a Chief Administrator, a Deputy Chief Administrator and five heads of department.

5. The Chief Administrator shall be a nominee of the SPLM, agreed by the GoS. The Deputy Chief Administrator shall be a nominee of the GoS, agreed by the SPLM.

In each instance, the nominating Party shall make three nominations for each position, from which the other Party must agree one.

Of the five heads of department, three shall be nominees of the SPLM, and two shall be nominees of the GoS.

6. The Abyei Area Administration shall exercise those powers contained in the Abyei Protocol paragraph 2.5, with the exception of subparagraph 2.5.2, ("supervise and promote security and stability in the area,,) which shall be deleted, with the powers transferred to the Abyei Joint Oversight Committee (AJOC) see (II) below.

7. Decisions of the Executive Council shall be made by consensus.

A quorum of the Executive Council shall be five members present.

8. The Abyei Area Council shall continue to be composed of twenty members consistent with the Abyei Protocol.

The Chairperson of the Council shall be elected by the members of the Council from a list of three (3) persons nominated by the GoS.

9. The Parties shall constitute a committee to nominate and agree on the Abyei Area Administration including the Chief Administrator and Deputy Chief Administrator, by 22nd June 2011.

The Parties shall exchange their respective nominations by no later than the 21st.

(II) Abyei Joint Oversight Committee

10. There shall be established an Abyei Joint Oversight Committee (AJOC) which shall be composed of four members.

Each Party shall appoint two members to the committee.

Two members of the committee shall serve as joint chairs, one nominated by each Party.

11. The African Union Commission Chairperson shall appoint a non-voting member as a facilitator to assist the work of the AJOC.

12. The TSFA Force Commander shall attend the AJOC as a non-voting member when security matters are under discussion.

13. The AJOC shall exercise, on behalf of the President of Sudan and the President of South Sudan, political and administrative oversight of the Executive Council, and shall submit a monthly report to the President of Sudan and the President of South Sudan, for as long as this mechanism remains in place.

14. The AJOC shall, in accordance with paragraph 6 of this Agreement, assume those powers allocated to the Abyei Executive Council in subparagraph 2.5.2 of the Abyei Protocol.

15. The Presidents may jointly direct the AJOC to deal with any matter relating to Abyei, including in the case of deadlock in the Executive Council.

16. In the event of deadlock within the AJOC, the AJOC Co-Chairs may refer any question to tl1e Presidents for their guidance.

The opinions and recommendations of the non-voting member of the AJOC shall be forwarded along with the referral.

17. The Executive Council shall submit a weekly report to the AJOC, giving an overall picture of the situation in the Abyei Area, including security-related matters.

18. The AJOC may direct the Executive Council or any official or committee of the Abyei Area to provide it with a report on any matters within its powers.

The AJOC may hold meetings with the Executive Council to discuss any matter within its mandate.

(III) Finance

19. The Abyei Area Executive Council shall draw up a budget for review and approval by the Abyei Area Council.

The GoS and GoSS shall jointly finance that budget.

(IV) Security Arrangements

20. With the exception of ISFA1 the Abyei Area shall be demilitarized.

Any SAF and SPLA forces shall redeploy out of the Area.

Henceforth, all other forces, apart from the ISFA shall remain outside of the boundaries of Abyei Area, as defined by the Permanent Court of Arbitration.

21. As soon as authorised by the United Nations, the ISFA shall deploy in the Abyei Area.

22. A Joint Military Observer Committee QMOC), consisting of an equal number of observers from the two Parties shall be stationed in Abyei.

The Force Commander of ISFA shall chair the JMOC.

The ]MOC shall liaise with ISFA in carrying out its functions.

23. The military observers shall form Joint Military Observer Teams.

The military observers shall be unarmed.

They shall be protected by the ISFA.

24. The ]MOC will submit reports to the AJOC.

25. An Abyei Police Service shall be established.

The AJOC shall determine its size and composition.

26. A special unit of the Abyei Police Service shall deal with the particular issues arising from nomadic migration including accompanying nomads within the Abyei Area on their annual migrations.

(V) Interim Security Force for Abyei (ISFA)

27. The ISFA shall be established to undertake the following roles:

a. Monitoring and verification;

b. Protection of monitoring teams;

c. Security within Abyei area;

d. Protection of the borders of Abyei from incursions by unauthorised elements;

c. Support and capacity building to Abyei Police Service;

f. Facilitation and protection of humanitarian assistance;

g. Protection of civilians under imminent threat.

28. The Government of Sudan, the SPLM and the UN shall constitute a joint committee with the Government of Ethiopia to draft the mandate for ISFA, based upon the roles specified in paragraph 2 7 of this Agreement.

The draft shall be submitted to the UN Security Council.

The committee shall complete its work no later than 21st June 2011.

29. The Government of Sudan and the SPLM will request the UN Security Council to approve the deployment and mandate of the ISFA, with the understanding that the mandate referred to in paragraph 27 of this Agreement shall not be changed without the agreement of the GoS, the SPLM and the Government of Ethiopia.

30. The ISFA shall consist of one brigade (armoured) provided by the Ethiopian National Defence Force.

The Force Commander shall be an Ethiopian officer of the rank of Brigad icr General or above.

31. The ISFA shall be deployed and financed by the UN on the basis of the above mandate.

32. The ISFA shall work to implement this mandate in collaboration with the Parties, Abyei Area Administration and AJOC.

It shall be led by a Force Commander who shall report to the UN.

33. The ISFA Force Commander shall brief the AJOC regularly on the situation pertinent to his responsibility.

34. Immediately on the authorisation from the UN Security Council, an ISFA advance team shall be despatched to the Abyei Area to finalize detailed deployment plans, the plans for the establishment of the Joint Military Observation Committee, and the details for the demilitarization of the Area.

35. The ISFA will be deployed according to the schedule contained in Annex A.

(VI) Humanitarian Activities

36. All displaced former residents of Abyei have the right to return to their former places of residence.

The Parties shall facilitate the rapid return of IDPs.

37. The Parties shall ensure that humanitarian assistance reaches those in need and shall facilitate the work of the United Nations and other humanitarian agencies.

38. The Parties shall make a joint appeal for assistance for return and rehabilitation of people displaced or otherwise affected by the conflict, including assistance to those who have lost Livelihoods, income or assets.

(VII) Pastoralist Migration

39. Consistent with the Abyei Protocol, pastoral nomads shall enjoy rights of migration and access to pasture and water in accordance with traditional migration routes in the Abyei Area.

(VIII) Process for Resolution of the Final Status of Abyei

40. The Parties reiterate their commitment to resolve peacefully the final status of Abyei, and shall therefore consider, in good faith, proposals that the African Union High Level Implementation Panel shall make to resolve this matter.

The Panel.

shall be advised by the President of Sudan and the President of the Government o f Southern Sudan, on the timeframe within which to present its proposals.

41. This Agreement and the Abyei Protocol (except as modified by the terms herein) shall continue to apply until such time as the final status of Abyei has been resolved.

42. Any question regarding the interpretation o f this Agreement shall be determined by the AJOC.

In the event that the AJOC fails to agree on an interpretation, the Co,Chairs may refer the question to the Presidents for their joint resolution.

(IX) Effective Date

43. This Agreement shall come into force upon signature, and shall be implemented in accordance with the timelines indicated in Annex A herein.

Signed on 201h June 2011

Idriss Abdel Gadir

Government of Sudan

Pagan Amum Okiech

Sudan People's

Liberation Movement

Witnessed by

Thabo Mvuyelwa Mbeki

African Union High Level Implementation Panel