Accord de Paix Global entre le Gouvernement de la République Centrafricaine et les Mouvements Politico-Militaires Centrafricains désignés ci après : Armée Populaire pour la Restauration de la Démocratie (APRD), Front Démocratique du Peuple Centrafricain (FDPC), Union des Forces Démocratique pour le Rassemblement (UFDR)

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Country/entity: Central African Republic
Region: Africa (excl MENA)
Agreement name: Accord de Paix Global entre le Gouvernement de la République Centrafricaine et les Mouvements Politico-Militaires Centrafricains désignés ci après : Armée Populaire pour la Restauration de la Démocratie (APRD), Front Démocratique du Peuple Centrafricain (FDPC), Union des Forces Démocratique pour le Rassemblement (UFDR)
Date: 21 Jun 2008
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Central African Republic Conflicts (1996 - )
The Central African Republic conflict is one of a set of regionally connected conflicts addressed by the African Great Lakes process. After the country gained independence from France in 1960 it has been ruled by a sequence of autocratic leaders that principally gained power through coups. Since the mid-1990s several waves of internal conflict took place in the Central African Republic, primarily along tribal, and later-on increasingly sectarian, lines. In 1996 and 1997, French troops and soldiers from neighbouring countries intervened to end a mutiny in the capital, Bangui, by factions of the army. The fighting was predominantly along tribal lines, with southern tribes in revolt against the ‘northern’ government. A UN mission was installed in 1998 to secure the truce.
After General Bozizé took control of the country after several coup attempts in 2003, a ‘bush war’ began led by armed opposition forces. From late 2006 onward, government troops with French military support severely weakened the rebels. Following this, a number of agreements were signed during 2007-2008, but not all factions have accepted them. In 2011, Bozizé was re-elected in supposedly fraudulent elections, which resulted in a new wave of uprisings. Séléka, an alliance of northern rebel groups, took over parts of the country and forced Bozizé to agree to a power-sharing deal. However, after this agreement broke down, Séléka took control of Bangui and Bozizé had to flee the country in 2013. Leader of Séléka, Michel Djotodia, took office and officially disbanded Séléka. However, continual violence between ex-Séléka groups and opposing militias, collectively known as ‘anti-balaka’, persisted and Djotodia was forced to resign less than a year later. Catherine Samba-Panza was installed as interim president until Faustin Archange Touadéra was elected in January 2016. In February 2019 an agreement was signed between the government and fourteen armed groups, including ex-Seleka groups, committed to disarmament. However, violence between ex-Seleka groups and anti-balaka continues.
Stage: Pre-negotiation/process
Conflict nature: Government
Peace process: CAR: coups and rebellions process
Parties: Ont signé:
Pour le Gouvernement Centrafricain, S.E.M le Ministre de la Communication, du Civisme, du Dialogue et de la Reconciliation Nationale, Cyriaque Gonda
Pour L'A.P.R.D, Jean-Jacques DEMAFOUTH
Pour l'UFDR, Zakaria DAMANE
Pour le FDPC, (unsigned)
Pour le Président de la République Gabonaise, Président du Comité ad hoc, dans l'espace CEMAC, sur les questions centrafricaines, S.E.Mme le Ministre des Affaires Etrangères,de la Coopération, de la Francophonie et de l'intégration Régionale, P.O. S.E.M. le Ministre Délégué, Noel Nelson MESSONE.
Third parties: In the presence of:
- His Excellency El Hadj Omar BONGO ONDIMBA, President of the Republic of Gabon, President of the CEMAC Ad Hoc Committee on the Central African questions
- His Excellency Francois BOZIZE, President of the Central African Republic

And of:
- S.E.M Ambassador Francois Lonseny FALL, Special Representative of the UN Security General in CAR
- Master Djovi GALLY, Special Envoy of the Francophone Security General in CAR
- General Xavier Sylvestre YANGONGO, Representative of the Public Powers
- Honorable Laurent GOMINA-PAMPALI, Representative of the Presidential Majority
- Master Henri POUZERE, Representative of the Democratic Opposition
- Master Bruno Hyacinthe GBIEGBA, Representation of Civil Society.
Description: This agreement is on an amnesty law, the parties reiterate the commitment to the ceasefire, rehabilitation, the concentration of combatants in safe zones followed by decommissioning of weapons and reinsertion with the help of the international community, after the declaration of amnesty the combatants will be placed under protection of a multinational force. They agree on political representation to advance a politically inclusive dialogue, a committee is created with representatives of the groups, Gabon, government, UN Special Representative and representative from the Francophonie. In case of differences on how to implement the agreement, the Committee will be consulted.

Agreement document: CF_080621_AccorddePaixGlobal_tr.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF
Agreement document (original language): CF_Accord de Paix Global entre le Gouvernement et APRD, FDPC, UFDR_2008.pdf (opens in new tab)| Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: Page 1, PREAMBLE
...
Considering the unwavering desire of His Excellency, Army General François BOZIZE, President of the Republic, Head of State, reiterated in his speech to the nation of December 31, 2006, to promote tolerance, dialogue and reconciliation among all the daughters and sons of Africa
Men and boys: Gender→Men and boys→Gender neutral wording
Page 1, PREAMBLE
...
Considering the unwavering desire of His Excellency, Army General François BOZIZE, President of the Republic, Head of State, reiterated in his speech to the nation of December 31, 2006, to promote tolerance, dialogue and reconciliation among all the daughters and sons of Africa
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: Governance→Political parties reform→Rebels transitioning to political parties
Page 2, Article 6
The principle of participation of the representatives of Politico-Military Movements who are signatories to the Global Peace Accord, in the management of Government business, in a spirit of national reconciliation, following the Inclusive Political Dialogue.
Civil society: Page 1, PREAMBLE
...
Considering the desire of every political actor and every member of civil society in Central Africa to participate in the Inclusive Political Dialogue

Page 2, Article 7
The signatories will establish a Committee to monitor implementation of the present Agreement, comprised of:
...
- The Representative of the International Organisation of La Francophonie.

Page 4, Signed . ..

In the presence of:
. ..
- Master Bruno Hyacinthe GBIEGBA, Representation of Civil Society.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: Power sharing→Political power sharing→Executive coalition
State level
Article 6: The principle of participation of the representatives of Politico-‐Military
Movements who are signatories to the Global Peace Accord, in the management of Government business, in a spirit of national reconciliation, following the Inclusive Political Dialogue.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: Power sharing→Military power sharing→Merger of forces
Page 2, Article 3
The reinstatement of the rights of Central African military personnel expelled as a result of the rebellion, and of civilian personnel of the APRD, the FDPC and the UFDR, to their original training units.

Page 2, Article 5
As soon as the law of general amnesty and liberation of prisoners is promulgated, APRD, FDPC and UFDR combatants will be officially placed under the protection of the Multinational Force (FOMUC) and the Central African Armed Forces (FACA).
Power sharing→Military power sharing→Proportionality
Page 4, Article 7: The signatories will establish a Committee to monitor implementation of the
present Agreement, comprised of:
- One (1) Representative of the Republic of Gabon;
- Three (3) Representatives of the Central African Government;
- Three (3) Representatives of the Politico-‐Military Movements;
- The Special Representative of the United Nations Secretary-‐General;
- The Representative of the International Organisation of La Francophonie.

If they agree, the Monitoring Committee may be expanded to include representatives from the
following organisations:
• CEMAC
• FOMUC/FOMAC

Page 5,
• CEEAC
• CEN-‐SAD
• the African Union
• the European Union.

Article 8:
The Gabonese Government is responsible for contacting the organisations listed in the second part of Article 7, and for convening the first meeting of the Monitoring Committee, no later than one month after signature of the Global Peace Agreement.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: Page 1, PREAMBLE
...
Determined to consolidate rule of law, and of Good Governance, with its corollary of social progress, and full legal entitlement to fundamental liberties
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: Rights related issues→Protection measures→Other
Page 3,

Article 5: As soon as the law of general amnesty and liberation of prisoners is promulgated, APRD, FDPC and UFDR combatants will be officially placed under the protection of the Multinational Force (FOMUC) and the Central African Armed Forces (FACA).
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: Page 2, Article 2
The promulgation of a law of general amnesty for military personnel, combatants and civilians from the APRD, FDPC, and UFDR, for crimes and offences currently under trial in the national jurisdictions of Central Africa, other than those referred to the International Criminal Court.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: No specific mention.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: Security sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provision
Page 2, Article 1
Confirm their agreement to respect the ceasefire already established in previous agreements
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: Security sector→DDR→DDR programmes
Page 2, Article 4
The confinement of APRD, FDPC, and UFDR troops in their present zones, followed by a process of demobilisation, disarmament and reinsertion with the support of the International Community. These sites will be determined by mutual agreement between the parties.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: Page 1, PREAMBLE
...
In light of the Libreville Ceasefire and Peace Agreement signed on May 9, 2008, between the Government of the Central African Republic and the Popular Army for the Restoration of Democracy

Page 1, PREAMBLE
...
In light of the Birao Peace Agreement signed on April 13, 2007, between the Government of the Central African Republic and the Union of Democratic Forces for Unity

Page 1, PREAMBLE
...
In light of the Peace Agreement signed at Sirte in Libya on February 2, 2007, between the Government of the Central African Republic and the Democratic Front of the Central African People;

Page 2, Article 2
The promulgation of a law of general amnesty for military personnel, combatants and civilians from the APRD, FDPC, and UFDR, for crimes and offences currently under trial in the national jurisdictions of Central Africa, other than those referred to the International Criminal Court.

Page 2, Article 3
The reinstatement of the rights of Central African military personnel expelled as a result of the rebellion, and of civilian personnel of the APRD, the FDPC and the UFDR, to their original training units.

Page 2, Article 4
The confinement of APRD, FDPC, and UFDR troops in their present zones, followed by a process of demobilisation, disarmament and reinsertion with the support of the International Community. These sites will be determined by mutual agreement between the parties.

Page 2, Article 5
As soon as the law of general amnesty and liberation of prisoners is promulgated, APRD, FDPC and UFDR combatants will be officially placed under the protection of the Multinational Force (FOMUC) and the Central African Armed Forces (FACA).

Page 2, Article 6
The principle of participation of the representatives of Politico-Military Movements who are signatories to the Global Peace Accord, in the management of Government business, in a spirit of national reconciliation, following the Inclusive Political Dialogue.

Page 2, Article 7
The signatories will establish a Committee to monitor implementation of the present Agreement, comprised of:
...
- Three (3) Representatives of the Politico-Military Movements;
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: Transitional justice→Amnesty/pardon→Amnesty/pardon proper
Page 2, Article 2
The promulgation of a law of general amnesty for military personnel, combatants and civilians from the APRD, FDPC, and UFDR, for crimes and offences currently under trial in the national jurisdictions of Central Africa, other than those referred to the International Criminal Court.

Page 2, Article 5:
As soon as the law of general amnesty and liberation of prisoners is promulgated, APRD, FDPC and UFDR combatants will be officially placed under the protection of the Multinational Force (FOMUC) and the Central African Armed Forces (FACA).
Transitional justice→Amnesty/pardon→Relief of other sanctions
Page 2, Article 3:
The reinstatement of the rights of Central African military personnel expelled as a result of the rebellion, and of civilian personnel of the APRD, the FDPC and the UFDR, to their original training units.
Courts: Transitional justice→Courts→International courts
Page 2, Article 2
The promulgation of a law of general amnesty for military personnel, combatants and civilians from the APRD, FDPC, and UFDR, for crimes and offences currently under trial in the national jurisdictions of Central Africa, other than those referred to the International Criminal Court.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: Page 2, Article 5
As soon as the law of general amnesty and liberation of prisoners is promulgated, APRD, FDPC and UFDR combatants will be officially placed under the protection of the Multinational Force (FOMUC) and the Central African Armed Forces (FACA).
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: Page 1, PREAMBLE
...
Considering the unwavering desire of His Excellency, Army General François BOZIZE, President of the Republic, Head of State, reiterated in his speech to the nation of December 31, 2006, to promote tolerance, dialogue and reconciliation among all the daughters and sons of Africa

Page 2, Article 6
The principle of participation of the representatives of Politico-Military Movements who are signatories to the Global Peace Accord, in the management of Government business, in a spirit of national reconciliation, following the Inclusive Political Dialogue.

Implementation

UN signatory: Agreement signed in presence of Special Representative of UN Secretary General, SEM L’Ambassadeur Francois Lonsény FALL, Représentant Spécial du Secrétaire Général des Nations Unies en Centrafrique.
Other international signatory: In the presence of:
- His Excellency El Hadj Omar BONGO ONDIMBA, President of the Republic of Gabon, President of the CEMAC Ad Hoc Committee on the Central African questions
- His Excellency Francois BOZIZE, President of the Central African Republic

And of:
- S.E.M Ambassador Francois Lonseny FALL, Special Representative of the UN Security General in CAR
- Master Djovi GALLY, Special Envoy of the Francophone Security General in CAR
. . .
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: Page 2, Article 4
The confinement of APRD, FDPC, and UFDR troops in their present zones, followed by a process of demobilisation, disarmament and reinsertion with the support of the International Community. These sites will be determined by mutual agreement between the parties.

Page 2, Article 5
As soon as the law of general amnesty and liberation of prisoners is promulgated, APRD, FDPC and UFDR combatants will be officially placed under the protection of the Multinational Force (FOMUC) and the Central African Armed Forces (FACA).

Page 2, Article 7
The signatories will establish a Committee to monitor implementation of the present Agreement, comprised of:
- One (1) Representative of the Republic of Gabon;
- Three (3) Representatives of the Central African Government;
- Three (3) Representatives of the Politico-Military Movements;
- The Special Representative of the United Nations Secretary-General;
- The Representative of the International Organisation of La Francophonie.
If they agree, the Monitoring Committee may be expanded to include representatives from the following organisations:
• CEMAC
• FOMUC/FOMAC
• CEEAC
• CEN-SAD
• the African Union
• the European Union

Page 3, Article 8
The Gabonese Government is responsible for contacting the organisations listed in the second part of Article 7, and for convening the first meeting of the Monitoring Committee, no later than one month after signature of the Global Peace Agreement.
Enforcement mechanism: Page 2, Article 7
The signatories will establish a Committee to monitor implementation of the present Agreement, comprised of:
- One (1) Representative of the Republic of Gabon;
- Three (3) Representatives of the Central African Government;
- Three (3) Representatives of the Politico-Military Movements;
- The Special Representative of the United Nations Secretary-General;
- The Representative of the International Organisation of La Francophonie.
If they agree, the Monitoring Committee may be expanded to include representatives from the following organisations:
• CEMAC
• FOMUC/FOMAC
• CEEAC
• CEN-SAD
• the African Union
• the European Union

Page 3, Article 8
The Gabonese Government is responsible for contacting the organisations listed in the second part of Article 7, and for convening the first meeting of the Monitoring Committee, no later than one month after signature of the Global Peace Agreement.

Page 3, Article 9
In case of any disagreement on the implementation of the present Agreement, either of the parties may appeal to the Monitoring Committee. If disagreement persists despite the efforts of the Committee, either party may appeal to the President of the CEMAC space Ad Hoc Committee on Central African questions, whose judgement is final.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: UN Peacemaker: http://peacemaker.un.org/

GLOBAL PEACE AGREEMENT

between

The Government of the Central African Republic

and

the Central African Political Movements

indicated below:

The Popular Army for the Restoration of Democracy (APRD)

The Democratic Front of the Central African People (FDPC)

The Union of Democratic Forces for Unity (UFDR)

Preamble

Considering the relevant provisions of the United Nations Charter, the African Union, the Community of Sahel-Saharan States (CEN-SAD), the Economic and Monetary Community of Central African States (CEMAC) and the national resolutions on the peaceful resolution of conflicts, in particular the firm recommendations of the National Dialogue and the Code of Good Conduct;

In light of the Central African Constitution of December 27, 2004;

Considering that tolerance and dialogue constitute the bedrock of peace and national unity;

Determined to consolidate a State of Law, and of Good Governance, with its corollary of social progress, and full legal entitlement to fundamental liberties;

In light of the Libreville Ceasefire and Peace Agreement signed on May 9, 2008, between the Government of the Central African Republic and the Popular Army for the Restoration of Democracy;

In light of the Birao Peace Agreement signed on April 13, 2007, between the Government of the Central African Republic and the Union of Democratic Forces for Unity;

In light of the Peace Agreement signed at Sirte in Libya on February 2, 2007, between the Government of the Central African Republic and the Democratic Front of the Central African People;

Considering the unwavering desire of His Excellency, Army General François BOZIZE, President of the Republic, Head of State, reiterated in his speech to the nation of December 31, 2006, to promote tolerance, dialogue and reconciliation among all the daughters and sons of Africa;

Considering the desire of every political actor and every member of civil society in Central Africa to participate in the Inclusive Political Dialogue;

Responding to the mediation initiatives of His Excellency EL HADJ OMAR BONGO ONDIMBA, President of the Republic of Gabon, President of the CEMAC space ad-hoc committee on Central African questions and His Excellency MOHAMMAR AL KHADAFI, Guide of the EL FATAH Revolution, Permanent High Mediator for peace in the CEN-SAD area;

The Government of the Central African Republic and Politico-Military Movements indicated above

Agree the following:

Article 1:

Confirm their agreement to respect the ceasefire already established in previous agreements.

Article 2:

The promulgation of a law of general amnesty for military personnel, combatants and civilians from the APRD, FDPC, and UFDR, for crimes and offences currently under trial in the national jurisdictions of Central Africa, other than those referred to the International Penal Court.

Article 3:

The reinstatement of the rights of Central African military personnel expelled as a result of the rebellion, and of civilian personnel of the APRD, the FDPC and the UFDR, to their original training units .

Article 4:

The confinement of APRD, FDPC, and UFDR troops in their present zones, followed by a process of demobilisation, disarmament and reinsertion with the support of the International Community.

These sites will be determined by mutual agreement between the parties.

Article 5:

As soon as the law of general amnesty and liberation of prisoners is promulgated, APRD, FDPC and UFDR combatants will be officially placed under the protection of the Multinational Force (FOMUC) and the Central African Armed Forces (FACA).

Article 6:

The principle of participation of the representatives of Politico-Military Movements who are signatories to the Global Peace Accord, in the management of Government business, in a spirit of national reconciliation, following the Inclusive Political Dialogue.

Article 7:

The signatories will establish a Committee to monitor implementation of the present Agreement, comprised of:

One (1) Representative of the Republic of Gabon;

Three (3) Representatives of the Central African Government;

Three (3) Representatives of the Politico-Military Movements;

The Special Representative of the United Nations Secretary-General;

The Representative of the International Organisation of La Francophonie.

If they agree, the Monitoring Committee may be expanded to include representatives from the following organisations:

the African Union

the European Union.

Article 8:

The Gabonese Government is responsible for contacting the organisations listed in the second part of Article 7, and for convening the first meeting of the Monitoring Committee, no later than one month after signature of the Global Peace Agreement.

Article 9:

In case of any disagreement on the implementation of the present Agreement, either of the parties may appeal to the Monitoring Committee.

If disagreement persists despite the efforts of the Committee, either party may appeal to the President of the CEMAC space Ad Hoc Committee on Central African questions, whose judgement is final .

Article 10:

The present Global Peace Agreement enters into force upon signature.

Names and signatures