Sommet Extraordinaire des Chefs d'Etat de Governement sur la Situation en Côte d'Ivoire, Communiqué Final (Accra I)

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Country/entity: Cote d'Ivoire
Region: Africa (excl MENA)
Agreement name: Sommet Extraordinaire des Chefs d'Etat de Governement sur la Situation en Côte d'Ivoire, Communiqué Final (Accra I)
Date: 29 Sep 2002
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Interstate/intrastate conflict(s)
Ivorian Civil War (2002 - 2011)
The Ivorian civil war broke out in 2002 over the disqualification of Alassane Ouattara from the predominantly Muslim north for the presidential elections due to his missing “Ivoirity”. This concept, politically enforced by nationalist forces around President Laurent Ggagbo in the South of the country and in the capital Abidjan, demanded that both parents of a presidential candidate had to be born in Cote D’Ivoire. Despite several agreements and French military involvement the fighting continued until 2005, when a South African mediation attempt – and the qualification of the national football squad for the World Cup in 2006 – helped to end the fighting. The situation remained unstable even with a UN peacekeeping force in place. Renewed fighting broke out after the presidential elections in 2010 where Ouattara was allowed to run, but he lost the elections under unclear circumstances and perceptions of fraud. Finally, Ggagbo was arrested in April 2011 by French-backed forces supporting Ouattara.
Stage: Pre-negotiation/process
Conflict nature: Government
Peace process: Cote D'Ivoire: peace process
Parties: His Excellency Blaise CAMPAORE President of Faso Head of Government
His Excellency Pedro Verona Rodrigues PIRES President of the Republic of Cape Verde
His Excellency Laurent GBAGBO President of the Republic of Côte d’Ivoire
His Excellency John Agyekum KUFUOR President of the Republic of Ghana
His Excellency Koumba Yala Kobde NHANCA President of the Republic of Guinea-Bissau
His Excellency Dahpkanah Dr Charles Ghankay TAYLOR President of the Republic of Liberia
His Excellency Amadou Toumani TOURE President of the Republic of Mali
His Excellency Mamadou TANDJA President of the Republic of Niger
His Excellency Olusegun OBASANJO President, Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Federal Republic of Nigeria
His Excellency Maftre Abdoulaye WADE President of the Republic of Senegal
His Excellency Gnassingbe EYADEMA President of the Republic of Togo
His Excellency Issatu NJIE SAIDY President of the Republic of Gambia
Mr Bruno AMOUSSOU Minister of State, representing the President of the Republic of Benin
Mr François FALL Minister at the Presidency in charge of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation, representing the President of the Republic of Guinea
Mr Mohammed Lamin KAMARA Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs, representing the President of the Republic of Sierra Leone
Third parties: 4. The following persons were also present at the session as observers:

His Excellency Thabo MBEKI President of the Republic of South Africa and President of the African Union
His Excellency Amara ESSY President of the Commission of the African Union

His Excellency Ahmedou Ould ABDALLAH Special Representative of the Secretary-General of the United Nations, for West Africa
Description: In this communiqué, the member states of the Economic Community of West Africa (ECOWAS) call on the parties in dispute to abstain from the use of force and to start a dialogue. Furthermore, the member state have agreed to establish a contact group to mediate between the parties in dispute and negotiate a cessation of hostilities and a framework agreement to resolve the conflict

Agreement document: CI_020929_Sommet_Extraordinaire_des Chefs d'Etat de Governement sur la Situation en Côte d'Ivoire, Communiqué Final (Accra I)_tr.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF
Agreement document (original language): CI_020929_Sommet Extraordinaire des Chefs d'État de Governement sur la Situation en Côte d'Ivoire.pdf (opens in new tab)| Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: Page 4, Paragraph 17
The Heads of State and of Government extend their compassion to all bereaved families and their sympathy to those who have been victims of the violence perpetrated during the events which began on September 19, 2002.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: Governance→Constitution→Constitution affirmation/renewal
Page 4, Paragraph 13
The Heads of State and of Government have invited the Member States of CEDEAO to provide their immediate support (political, material, logistical) to the legal authorities of Côte d’Ivoire in order to maintain constitutional order, peace, security, unity and national cohesion.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: Page 4, Paragraph 12
The Heads of State and of Government have reaffirmed their commitment to defend by all possible means democratic good governance and the rule of law.

Page 4, Paragraph 18
The Heads of State and of Government have noted the African Union’s strong commitment and support for Côte d’Ivoire and CEDEAO in their efforts to defend and protect democracy, constitutional governance, respect for human rights and the rule of law.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: Page 3, Paragraph 6
During their work, the Heads of State and of Government strongly condemned the attempt to undermine democracy and the constitutional legality of Côte d’Ivoire, and deplored the loss of numerous lives and the pointless destruction of property. They expressed their concern for the peace and security of the wider region which is threatened by this situation, and which could also result in a human catastrophe.

Page 3, Paragraph 7
In accordance with the Declaration of the Political Principles of CEDEAO of July 6, 1991 adopted at Abuja, with the Protocol on the Mechanism for Prevention, Management and Resolution of Conflicts, and Maintenance of Peace and Security of December 10, 1999, and with Decision AHG DEC 142 (xxv) on the framework for a reaction by the OUA to anti-constitutional changes of Government, adopted by OUA in Algiers in July 1999, the Heads of State and of Government reaffirmed the position of CEDEAO under the terms of which no government will be recognised which takes power by overthrowing a democratically elected government or by using unconstitutional methods.

Page 4, Paragraph 12
The Heads of State and of Government have reaffirmed their commitment to defend by all possible means democratic good governance and the rule of law.

Page 4, Paragraph 18
The Heads of State and of Government have noted the African Union’s strong commitment and support for Côte d’Ivoire and CEDEAO in their efforts to defend and protect democracy, constitutional governance, respect for human rights and the rule of law.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: Rights related issues→Media and communication→Other
Page 4, Paragraph 16
The Heads of State and of Government have launched an appeal to the press to refrain from reporting in ways which will create misunderstanding between the Member States of the region
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: No specific mention.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: Page 3, Paragraph 6
During their work, the Heads of State and of Government strongly condemned the attempt to undermine democracy and the constitutional legality of Côte d’Ivoire, and deplored the loss of numerous lives and the pointless destruction of property. They expressed their concern for the peace and security of the wider region which is threatened by this situation, and which could also result in a human catastrophe.

Page 4, Paragraph 10
They have agreed to hold an urgent meeting of the Defence and Security Committee.

Page 4, Paragraph 13
The Heads of State and of Government have invited the Member States of CEDEAO to provide their immediate support (political, material, logistical) to the legal authorities of Côte d’Ivoire in order to maintain constitutional order, peace, security, unity and national cohesion.

Page 4, Paragraph 19
The Heads of State and of Government call on the international community to support all of the initiatives taken by CEDEAO in order to restore peace and security in Côte d’Ivoire.
Ceasefire: Security sector→Ceasefire→General commitments
Page 3, Paragraph 8
The Heads of State and of Government have decided to create a high-level contact group made up of the following Heads of State: Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger, Nigeria and Togo to establish contact with the assailants, get them to cease hostilities immediately, restore calm in the occupied localities and negotiate a general framework for resolving the crisis. The Special Representative of the President of the African Union will be a member of the Mediation Committee. To this end the African Union will work in close collaboration with CEDEAO. The President of the ministerial meeting of the Mediation and Security Council and the Executive Secretary will also work in close collaboration with the mediation mission.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: Security sector→DDR→Demilitarisation provisions
Page 4, Paragraph 9
They have demanded that the assailants who continue to occupy several towns refrain immediately from violence and assaults against the populations of these towns, to engage without delay in dialogue with the Mediation Committee of CEDEAO, with a view to handing over their weapons and resolving their differences with the Government by peaceful means.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: Page 4, Paragraph 9
They have demanded that the assailants who continue to occupy several towns refrain immediately from violence and assaults against the populations of these towns, to engage without delay in dialogue with the Mediation Committee of CEDEAO, with a view to handing over their weapons and resolving their differences with the Government by peaceful means.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: Page 4, Paragraph 17
The Heads of State and of Government extend their compassion to all bereaved families and their sympathy to those who have been victims of the violence perpetrated during the events which began on September 19, 2002
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: UN Special Representative of the UN Secretary General for West Africa attended meeting as observer.
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: Page 3, Paragraph 8
The Heads of State and of Government have decided to create a high-level contact group made up of the following Heads of State: Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger, Nigeria and Togo to establish contact with the assailants, get them to cease hostilities immediately, restore calm in the occupied localities and negotiate a general framework for resolving the crisis. The Special Representative of the President of the African Union will be a member of the Mediation Committee. To this end the African Union will work in close collaboration with CEDEAO. The President of the ministerial meeting of the Mediation and Security Council and the Executive Secretary will also work in close collaboration with the mediation mission.

Page 4, Paragraph 13
The Heads of State and of Government have invited the Member States of CEDEAO to provide their immediate support (political, material, logistical) to the legal authorities of Côte d’Ivoire in order to maintain constitutional order, peace, security, unity and national cohesion.

Page 4, Paragraph 18
The Heads of State and of Government have noted the African Union’s strong commitment and support for Côte d’Ivoire and CEDEAO in their efforts to defend and protect democracy, constitutional governance, respect for human rights and the rule of law.
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: http://peacemaker.un.org/

ECONOMIC COMMUNITY OF

WEST AFRICAN STATES

EXTRAORDINARY SUMMIT OF HEADS OF STATE AND OF GOVERNMENT

ON THE SITUATION IN COTE D’IVOIRE

Accra, September 29, 2002

FINAL COMMUNIQUE

September 2002

1. Following the exceptionally serious events which have been unfolding during the last few days in Côte d’Ivoire, and have already caused hundreds of deaths and injured persons, and the prolonged occupation of several towns by hundreds of armed assailants, His Excellency Maftre Abdoulaye WADE, President of the Republic of Senegal and current President of CEDEAO, has convened an extraordinary session of Heads of State and of Government of Member States of CEDEAO, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Protocol on the Mechanism for Prevention, Management and Resolution of Conflicts, and Maintenance of Peace and Security, which took place in Accra on September 29, 2002.

2. The extraordinary session examined the security situation in Côte d’Ivoire as well as its implications for the wider region .

3. The following Heads of State and of Government or their duly accredited representatives were present at the extraordinary session:

His Excellency Blaise CAMPAORE President of Faso Head of Government

His Excellency Pedro Verona Rodrigues PIRES President of the Republic of Cape Verde

His Excellency Laurent GBAGBO President of the Republic of Côte d’Ivoire

His Excellency John Agyekum KUFUOR President of the Republic of Ghana

His Excellency Koumba Yala Kobde NHANCA President of the Republic of Guinea-Bissau

His Excellency Dahpkanah Dr Charles Ghankay TAYLOR President of the Republic of Liberia

His Excellency Amadou Toumani TOURE President of the Republic of Mali

His Excellency Mamadou TANDJA President of the Republic of Niger

His Excellency Olusegun OBASANJO President, Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Federal Republic of Nigeria

His Excellency Maftre Abdoulaye WADE President of the Republic of Senegal

His Excellency Gnassingbe EYADEMA President of the Republic of Togo

His Excellency Issatu NJIE SAIDY President of the Republic of Gambia

Mr Bruno AMOUSSOU Minister of State, representing the President of the Republic of Benin

Mr François FALL Minister at the Presidency in charge of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation, representing the President of the Republic of Guinea

Mr Mohammed Lamin KAMARA Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs, representing the President of the Republic of Sierra Leone

4. The following persons were also present at the session as observers:

His Excellency Thabo MBEKI President of the Republic of South Africa and President of the African Union

His Excellency Amara ESSY President of the Commission of the African Union

His Excellency Ahmedou Ould ABDALLAH Special Representative of the Secretary-General of the United Nations, for West Africa

5. The Heads of State and of Government listened to a memorandum from the Executive Secretary of CEDEAO, and a presentation by His Excellency Laurent GBAGBO, President of the Republic of Côte d’Ivoire on recent developments in the situation in this member state.

6. During their work , the Heads of State and of Government strongly condemned the attempt to undermine democracy and the constitutional legality of Côte d’Ivoire, and deplored the loss of numerous lives and the pointless destruction of property.

They expressed their concern for the peace and security of the wider region which is threatened by this situation, and which could also result in a human catastrophe.

7. In accordance with the Declaration of the Political Principles of CEDEAO of July 6, 1991 adopted at Abuja, with the Protocol on the Mechanism for Prevention, Management and Resolution of Conflicts, and Maintenance of Peace and Security of December 10, 1999, and with Decision AHG DEC 142 (xxv) on the framework for a reaction by the OUA to anti-constitutional changes of Government, adopted by OUA in Algiers in July 1999, the Heads of State and of Government reaffirmed the position of CEDEAO under the terms of which no government will be recognised which takes power by overthrowing a democratically elected government or by using unconstitutional methods.

8. The Heads of State and of Government have decided to create a high-level contact group made up of the following Heads of State:

Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger, Nigeria and Togo to establish contact with the assailants, get them to cease hostilities immediately, restore calm in the occupied localities and negotiate a general framework for resolving the crisis.

The Special Representative of the President of the African Union will be a member of the Mediation Committee.

To this end the African Union will work in close collaboration with CEDEAO.

The President of the ministerial meeting of the Mediation and Security Council and the Executive Secretary will also work in close collaboration with the mediation mission.

9. They have demanded that the assailants who continue to occupy several towns refrain immediately from violence and assaults against the populations of these towns, to engage without delay in dialogue with the Mediation Committee of CEDEAO, with a view to handing over their weapons and resolving their differences with the Government by peaceful means.

10. They have agreed to hold an urgent meeting of the Defence and Security Committee.

11. The Heads of State and of Government have launched an appeal to all Ivorians to continue to resolve their differences by means of dialogue, in a spirit of brotherhood.

12. The Heads of State and of Government have reaffirmed their commitment to defend by all possible means democratic good governance and the State of Law.

13. The Heads of State and of Government have invited the Member States of CEDEAO to provide their immediate support (political, material, logistical) to the legal authorities of Côte d’Ivoire in order to maintain constitutional order, peace, security, unity and national cohesion.

14. The Heads of State and of Government are invited to respect the Non-Aggression and Mutual Assistance Protocols in Defence matters.

15. They have invited Member States to create conditions which will favour good civilian-military relations.

16. The Heads of State and of Government have launched an appeal to the press to refrain from reporting in ways which will create misunderstanding between the Member States of the region.

17. The Heads of State and of Government extend their compassion to all bereaved families and their sympathy to those who have been victims of the violence perpetrated during the events which began on September 19, 2002.

18. The Heads of State and of Government have noted the African Union’s strong commitment and support for Côte d’Ivoire and CEDEAO in their efforts to defend and protect democracy, constitutional governance, respect for human rights and the State of Law

19. The Heads of State and of Government call on the international community to support all of the initiatives taken by CEDEAO in order to restore peace and security in Côte d’Ivoire.

20. The Heads of State and of Government have expressed their deepest gratitude to His Excellency John Agyekum KUFUOR, President of the Republic of Ghana, to the Government and to the people of Ghana, for the warm welcome and generous hospitality extended to them, and the excellent facilities made available to them to ensure the success of the meeting.

DONE AT ACCRA, SEPTEMBER 29, 2002