Preliminary Agreement on National Reconciliation Pact

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Country/entity: Central African Republic
Region: Africa (excl MENA)
Agreement name: Preliminary Agreement on National Reconciliation Pact
Date: 18 Jan 1997
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Central African Republic Conflicts (1996 - )
The Central African Republic conflict is one of a set of regionally connected conflicts addressed by the African Great Lakes process. After the country gained independence from France in 1960 it has been ruled by a sequence of autocratic leaders that principally gained power through coups. Since the mid-1990s several waves of internal conflict took place in the Central African Republic, primarily along tribal, and later-on increasingly sectarian, lines. In 1996 and 1997, French troops and soldiers from neighbouring countries intervened to end a mutiny in the capital, Bangui, by factions of the army. The fighting was predominantly along tribal lines, with southern tribes in revolt against the ‘northern’ government. A UN mission was installed in 1998 to secure the truce.
After General Bozizé took control of the country after several coup attempts in 2003, a ‘bush war’ began led by armed opposition forces. From late 2006 onward, government troops with French military support severely weakened the rebels. Following this, a number of agreements were signed during 2007-2008, but not all factions have accepted them. In 2011, Bozizé was re-elected in supposedly fraudulent elections, which resulted in a new wave of uprisings. Séléka, an alliance of northern rebel groups, took over parts of the country and forced Bozizé to agree to a power-sharing deal. However, after this agreement broke down, Séléka took control of Bangui and Bozizé had to flee the country in 2013. Leader of Séléka, Michel Djotodia, took office and officially disbanded Séléka. However, continual violence between ex-Séléka groups and opposing militias, collectively known as ‘anti-balaka’, persisted and Djotodia was forced to resign less than a year later. Catherine Samba-Panza was installed as interim president until Faustin Archange Touadéra was elected in January 2016. In February 2019 an agreement was signed between the government and fourteen armed groups, including ex-Seleka groups, committed to disarmament. However, violence between ex-Seleka groups and anti-balaka continues.
Stage: Pre-negotiation/process
Conflict nature: Government
Peace process: CAR: Bangui process
Parties: Political parties:
(Signed)
ADP
FC
CN
FPP
ELAN
GILA-MND
MDD
MDI/S
MDREC
MESAN
MESAN/B
MLPC
MNR
PCD
MSCA
PLD
PARELI
PRC
UNDRP
RDC
UNDD
UDR/FK
UPDES
UPR

Trade unions:
CNTC USTC
USTC
USTC

Civil society:
(a) Religious denominations:
AEEC
(b) Human rights, justice and
CECA
democracy:
CICA
ACAT
LCDH
AFJC
MDDH
GERDES
OCDH

(c) National organizations:
JEUNESSE OFCA

(d) Occupational organizations: UNPC

Notes
a Complete names of political parties, trade unions and members of civil society signatories to
this Agreement:

ACAT Association Centrafricaine de Lutte contre la Torture et l'Abolition de la Peina de Mort

ADP Alliance pour la Démocratie et le Progrès

AEEC Association des Eglises Evangéliques Centrafricaines AFJC Association des Femmes
juristes de Centrafrique
CCTC Confédération Chrétienne des Travailleurs Centrafricains CECA Conférence Episcopale
Centrafricaine
CICA Communauté Islamique Centrafricaine CN Convention Nationale
CNTC Confédération Nationale des Travailleurs Centrafricains

CSTC Confédération Syndicale des Travailleurs Centrafricains ELAN Effort Libéral en Afrique
Noire
FC Forum Civique

FPP Front Patriotique pour le Progès

GERDDES Groupement d'Etudes et de Recherches pour la Démocratie et le Développement Economique et
Social

GILA/MND GILA-Mouvement National pour la Démocratie JEUNESSE Comité Ad Hoc de la Jeunesse
LCDH Ligue Centrafricaine des Droits de l'Homme

MDD Mouvement pour la Démocratie et le Développement

MDDH Mouvement pour la Défense des Droits de l'Homme

MDI/PS Mouvement pour la Démocratie, l'Indépendance et le Progrès Social MDREC Mouvement pour
la Démocratie en République Centrafricaine
MESAN Mouvement d'Evolution Sociale de l'Afrique Noire

MESAN/B Mouvement d'Evolution Sociale de l'Afrique Noire/Barthélémy Boganda

MLPC Mouvement de Libération du Peuple Centrafricain MNR Mouvement de National pour le
Renouveau
MSCA Mouvement Socialiste Centrafricain

OCDH Observatoire Centrafricain des Droits de l'Homme OFCA Organisation des Femmes
Centrafricaines
OSLP Organisation des Syndicats Libres des Secteurs Public, Para-Public et Privé

PARELI Parti Républicain Libéral

UNPC Union Nationale du Patronat Centrafricain PCD Parti Chrétien Démocrate
PLD Parti Libéral Democrate

PRC Parti Républicain Centrafricain PSD Parti Social Démocrate
RDC Rassemblement du Peuple Centrafricain UND/FK Union Démocratie Républicaine/Fini Kodro
UDRP Union pour la Démocratie et le Renouveau Panafricain UNDD Union Nationale pour la
Défense de la Démocratie
UPDES Union du Peuple pour le Développement Economique et Social UPR Union pour la
République
USTC Union Syndicale des Travailleurs de Centrafrique
Third parties: -
Description: Agreement amongst political parties and civil society organisations to support work of the Committee on Consensus-building and Dialogue, and the International Monitoring Commission, and to participate fully in the meeting of the National Reconciliation Conference to be organized. The general report of the work of the Committee on Consensus-Building and Dialogue and the report of the Political and Institutional Commission, the Security and Social Commission, and the National Reconciliation and Reparation Commission are attached to the Agreement as enforceable clauses.

Agreement document: CF_970118_PreliminaryAgreementonNationalReconciliationPact.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: Page 3-4, (Signed)
OFCA Organisation des Femmes Centrafricaines
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: Page 7
1. With regard to the address by the head of State on 31 December 1996, the participants welcomed the announcement of a voting timetable, but they felt there was first a need to revise the electoral code to take into account the municipal elections. It was recommended that an independent, joint electoral commission should be set up whose function it would be to specify the timetable, taking into account the availability of funding and the level of security prevailing in the country.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: Pg 4-9, agreement signed by a range of civil society groups.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: Governance→Constitution→Constitution affirmation/renewal
Page 2, Article 1
We, the signatories to this Agreement, have resolved to respect constitutional legality and to safeguard the democratic process threatened by the grave socio-economic and political crisis and the disastrous consequences of various rebellions.

Page 8, I. POLITICAL AND INSTITUTIONAL MEASURES, Paragraph 11
One of the focal points of the debates was the revision of certain articles of the Constitution. The participants recommended a re-reading of the Basic Law.

Page 8, I. POLITICAL AND INSTITUTIONAL MEASURES, Paragraph 13
The participants decided to make an appeal for respect for the Constitution, for constitutional legality, for the institutions, laws and regulations of the Republic and for democratic principles and human rights.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: Page 1, UNTITLED PREAMBLE
...
Desirous of reinforcing the democratic process and the rule of law, of ensuring respect for human rights, of safeguarding the achievements of Central African democracy and of preserving peace and national unity
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: Page 1, UNTITLED PREAMBLE
...
Desirous of reinforcing the democratic process and the rule of law, of ensuring respect for human rights, of safeguarding the achievements of Central African democracy and of preserving peace and national unity

Page 2, Article 1
We, the signatories to this Agreement, have resolved to respect constitutional legality and to safeguard the democratic process threatened by the grave socio-economic and political crisis and the disastrous consequences of various rebellions.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: No specific mention.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: No specific mention.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: No specific mention.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: Page 1, UNTITLED PREAMBLE
...
Desirous of reinforcing the democratic process and the rule of law, of ensuring respect for human rights, of safeguarding the achievements of Central African democracy and of preserving peace and national unity

Page 2, Article 4
We undertake to participate fully in the meetings of the National Reconciliation Conference to be organized.

[Summary - Page 8-9: The Section II of the General report of the Committee on Consensus-building and Dialogue provides for national reconciliation measures in its entirety. Reconciliation is defines as measures based on the principles of good governance, in particular skilful management of human and financial resources, transparency, the banning of impunity, the establishment of accountability and respect for human rights, so that a true culture of peace and democracy could take root in the country.]

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: Page 2, Article 3
We request that the International Monitoring Committee be retained so as to ensure strict respect for the recommendations of the Committee on Consensus- building and Dialogue.
In the case of non-compliance by one of the parties to this Agreement, any party having a complaint may resort to the arbitration of the International Monitoring Committee.
Enforcement mechanism: Page 1, UNTITLED PREAMBLE
...
Considering the establishment, following this mission, of the International Monitoring committee to supervise the implementation of the measures contained in the final communique of 8 December 1996 and to help find a peaceful and lasting solution to the Central African crisis, and in view of the positive results achieved

Page 2, Article 3
We request that the International Monitoring Committee be retained so as to ensure strict respect for the recommendations of the Committee on Consensus- building and Dialogue.
In the case of non-compliance by one of the parties to this Agreement, any party having a complaint may resort to the arbitration of the International Monitoring Committee.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: http://peacemaker.un.org/

Preliminary Agreement on a National Reconciliation Pact

We, the signatories to this Agreement,

- Political parties:

a ADP, CN, ELAN, FC, FPP, GILA-MND, MDD, MDI/PS, MDREC, MESAN, MESAN-BOC, MLPC, MNR, MSCA, PARELI, PCD, PLD, PRC, PSD, RDC, UDR-FK, UDRP, UNDD, UPDES and UPR;

- Trade unions:

CCTC, CNTC, CSTC, OSLP and USTC;

- Civil society,

Meeting in Bangui from 11 to 18 January 1997 at the seat of the National Assembly, in the context of the work of the Committee on Consensus-building and Dialogue, under the auspices of the International Monitoring Committee chaired by His Excellency General Amadou Toumani Touré,

Considering that the Nineteenth Summit Meeting of Heads of State and Government of France and Africa, held in Ouagadougou from 4 to 6 December 1996, decided to send a mediation mission to Bangui composed of Their Excellencies

El Hadj Omar Bongo of Gabon, Mr. Blaise Compaoré of Burkina Mr. Idriss Deby of Chad and Mr. Alpha-Oumar Konaré of Mali,

Considering the establishment, following this mission, Monitoring Committee to supervise the implementation of the in the final communiqué of 8 December 1996 and to help find lasting solution to the Central African crisis, and in view results achieved,

Faso,

of the Internationalmeasures containeda peaceful andof the positive

Considering the address by the President of the Republic on

31 December 1996 announcing a series of de-escalation measures and calling for a national reawakening,

Considering the worsening of socio-political tensions, which are likely to threaten national unity,

Determined, in the higher interest of the Central African nation and of the African continent, to prevent, through dialogue and consensus-building, any return to armed confrontation,

Desirous of reinforcing the democratic process and the rule of law, of ensuring respect for human rights, of safeguarding the achievements of Central African democracy and of preserving peace and national unity,

In view of the general report and recommendations of the Committee on Consensus-building and Dialogue, adopted in Bangui on 18 January 1997,

Have solemnly agreed as follows:

Article 1

We, the signatories to this Agreement, have resolved to respect constitutional legality and to safeguard the democratic process threatened by the grave socio-economic and political crisis and the disastrous consequences of various rebellions.

Article 2

We approve all the provisions of the conclusions stemming from the work of the Committee on Consensus-building and Dialogue, and we undertake to enforce them.

Consequently, we call on the government authorities to approve them and put them into practice in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution.

Article 3

We request that the International Monitoring Committee be retained so as to ensure strict respect for the recommendations of the Committee on Consensus- building and Dialogue.

In the case of non-compliance by one of the parties to this Agreement, any party having a complaint may resort to the arbitration of the International Monitoring Committee.

Article 4

We undertake to participate fully in the meetings of the National Reconciliation Conference to be organized.

Article 5

We support all negotiations and are willing to participate in them to help find a peaceful and lasting solution to all the problems stemming from the Central African crisis.

We undertake to settle, or to help settle through dialogue and consensus- building, all disputes that may arise.

Article 6

We reaffirm our attachment to the implementation of the Political Agreement Protocol, of the conclusions of the General meeting on National Defence and of the Minimum Standards Programme.

Article 7

The general report on the work of the Committee on Consensus-building and Dialogue and the report of the Political and Institutional Commission, the Security and Social Commission and the National Reconciliation and Reparation Commission are attached to this Agreement as enforceable clauses.

DONE at Bangui on 18 January 1997. (

Signed)

Political parties:

ADP CN ELAN

FC FPP GILA-MND MDD MDI/PS MDREC MESAN MESAN/B MLPC

MNR MSCA PARELI PCD PLD PRC

PSD RDC UDR/FK UDRP UNDD UPDES UPR

Trade unions:

CCTC CNTC CSTC OSLP USTC

Civil society:

(a) Religious denominations:

AEEC CECA CICA (b) Human rights, justice and democracy:

ACAT AFJC GERDES LCDH MDDH OCDH

JEUNESSE OFCA

(d) Occupational organizations:

UNPC

Notes

a Complete names of political parties, trade unions and members of civil society signatories to this Agreement:

ACAT Association Centrafricaine de Lutte contre la Torture et l'Abolition de la Peina de Mort

ADP Alliance pour la Démocratie et le Progrès

AEEC Association des Eglises Evangéliques Centrafricaines

AFJC Association des Femmes juristes de Centrafrique

CCTC Confédération Chrétienne des Travailleurs Centrafricains

CECA Conférence Episcopale Centrafricaine

CICA Communauté Islamique Centrafricaine

CN Convention Nationale

CNTC Confédération Nationale des Travailleurs Centrafricains

CSTC Confédération Syndicale des Travailleurs Centrafricains

ELAN Effort Libéral en Afrique Noire

FC Forum Civique

FPP Front Patriotique pour le Progès

GERDDES Groupement d'Etudes et de Recherches pour la Démocratie et le Développement Economique et Social

GILA/MND GILA-Mouvement National pour la Démocratie JEUNESSE Comité Ad Hoc de la Jeunesse

LCDH Ligue Centrafricaine des Droits de l'Homme

MDD Mouvement pour la Démocratie et le Développement

MDDH Mouvement pour la Défense des Droits de l'Homme

MDI/PS Mouvement pour la Démocratie, l'Indépendance et le Progrès Social

MDREC Mouvement pour la Démocratie en République Centrafricaine

MESAN Mouvement d'Evolution Sociale de l'Afrique Noire

MESAN/B Mouvement d'Evolution Sociale de l'Afrique Noire/Barthélémy Boganda

MLPC Mouvement de Libération du Peuple Centrafricain MNR Mouvement de National pour le Renouveau

MSCA Mouvement Socialiste Centrafricain

OCDH Observatoire Centrafricain des Droits de l'Homme OFCA Organisation des Femmes Centrafricaines

OSLP Organisation des Syndicats Libres des Secteurs Public, Para-Public et Privé

PARELI Parti Républicain Libéral

UNPC Union Nationale du Patronat Centrafricain

PCD Parti Chrétien Démocrate

PLD Parti Libéral Democrate

PRC Parti Républicain Centrafricain

PSD Parti Social Démocrate

RDC Rassemblement du Peuple Centrafricain

UND/FK Union Démocratie Républicaine/Fini Kodro

UDRP Union pour la Démocratie et le Renouveau Panafricain

UNDD Union Nationale pour la Défense de la Démocratie

UPDES Union du Peuple pour le Développement Economique et Social UPR Union pour la République

USTC Union Syndicale des Travailleurs de Centrafrique

General report of the Committee on Consensus-building and Dialogue

From 11 to 16 January 1997 in Bangui, capital of the Central African Republic, a meeting was held of the Committee on Consensus-building and Dialogue, a body set up by the International Monitoring Committee to find solutions to the crisis in that country, with the logistical and technical support of the Resident Representative of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in Bangui.

Attending the meeting were representatives of political parties and civil society, dynamic forces of the Central African Republic, under the chairmanship of His Excellency General Amadou Toumani Touré, former head of State of Mali and Chairman of the International Monitoring Committee.

The opening meeting of the Committee on Consensus-building and Dialogue took place at the seat of the Central African National Assembly.

In his opening address, General Touré said that three rebellions in eight months was not acceptable.

He called on all parties to come to their senses.

Accordingly, after a number of consultations, he had decided to initiate two levels of dialogue and consensus-building to examine the problems thoroughly in order to find lasting solutions to the crisis rocking the country.

The first level of dialogue and consensus-building would function among the rebel youth of the Central African Armed Forces, and the second among the political parties, civil society and resource persons.

He hoped that through frank, calm discussions, especially on the basis of mutual good faith, understanding and respect, the dynamic forces of the Central African nation would, on the one hand, help implement the measures announced by the head of State, His Excellency Ange-Félix Patasse, in his New Year's message to the nation on 31 December 1996 and, on the other hand, take stock of the old and/or new measures proposed;

lastly, he hoped that they would follow the progress of the parallel negotiations being held between the International Monitoring Committee and the rebel youth, and take into account their results.

At the request of several members, the Committee decided, before beginning its work, to issue a declaration in which the participants undertook to work together to reach conclusions which would restore calm and hope to the Central African people and requested all the parties involved in the crisis to avoid all actions or words that might disturb the peaceful pursuit of their work.

The participants on the Committee on Consensus-building and Dialogue then decided to continue their work in three commissions:

the Political and Institutional Commission, the Security and Social Commission and the National Reconciliation and Reparation Commission.

Each commission was chaired by a member of the International Monitoring Committee, each assisted by two or three rapporteurs appointed by each Commission.

The General Rapporteur, Chairman of the Review Committee and representative of the Study and Research Group on the Democratic, Economic and Social Development of Africa (GERDDES-Africa), was appointed by the International Monitoring Committee.

Upon completion of their work, the participants drew up a list of measures whose implementation, they trusted, would allow the Central African Republic to restore peace definitively so that it could finally pursue sustainable human development for the greater benefit of its people.

These measures, as discussed below, include political and institutional measures, social and security measures and national reconciliation measures.

I. POLITICAL AND INSTITUTIONAL MEASURES

1. With regard to the address by the head of State on 31 December 1996, the participants welcomed the announcement of a voting timetable, but they felt there was first a need to revise the electoral code to take into account the municipal elections.

It was recommended that an independent, joint electoral commission should be set up whose function it would be to specify the timetable, taking into account the availability of funding and the level of security prevailing in the country.

2. The formation of a real government of national union, expanded to include all the political parties and civil society, was specified as a precondition.

The criteria to be used to choose its members would be competence, integrity and geopolitical considerations.

3. Most participants agreed that a pension should be granted to former heads of State.

Nonetheless, some of the representatives of civil society, i.e., some trade unions, expressed reservations, pointing out that if a pension was granted to former heads of State, it would also be necessary to take care of the population in general.

4. Concerning the suspension of the judicial enforcement of the parliamentary audit, the participants asked that it simply be abandoned for purposes of promoting peace.

However, some of the representatives of civil society expressed reservations, noting that this practice was likely to introduce the idea of impunity into Central African customs, to encourage poor management of government affairs and financial resources and to diminish accountability, an important element of good governance.

5. The establishment of a high-level council on broadcasting is being awaited impatiently.

However, so as not to "put the cart before the horse", the participants proposed that a draft law on a press code should first be submitted to the National Assembly.

6. The participants felt that the proposed amnesty measure was indispensable and urgent.

The participants hoped it would be general but limited to events and acts relating to the third rebellion.

7. As for the General Meeting on the National Defence, the participants on the Committee on Consensus-building and Dialogue recommended that the acts promulgated by it should be enforced.

The same applied to the conclusions of the General Meeting on Youth, which had not yet been implemented.

8. The discussions showed that there was an urgent need to revise the provisions of the code of penal procedure, providing a control mechanism for periods of preventive detention.

Human and material resources should also be increased to improve the operation of the judicial system.

9. A long debate was held on the failure to respect procedures for acceding to various posts at the University of Bangui, which violated the standards of the universities members of the African and Malagasy Council on Higher Education (CAMES).

The participants recommended that the government authorities should respect the autonomy of this institution.

They also stressed the criteria of competence, integrity and experience for appointments to civil service posts.

10. The participants felt that there were so many departments under the Presidency of the Republic that they overlapped with the ministries and often presented a barrier between the head of State and his people.

They therefore suggested that these departments should be considerably cut back, leaving only the essential services and reducing at the same time the costs of operating this Government institution.

11. One of the focal points of the debates was the revision of certain articles of the Constitution.

The participants recommended a re-reading of the Basic Law.

12. The crucial problem on which the participants focused was the failure to enforce legal and regulatory texts and consensual acts.

They strongly recommended the effective enforcement of these texts, including the Political Agreement Protocol and soon the Minimum Standards Programme.

The participants also recommended that the authorities should take into account the conclusions of the work of the Committee on Consensus-building and Dialogue.

13. The participants decided to make an appeal for respect for the Constitution, for constitutional legality, for the institutions, laws and regulations of the Republic and for democratic principles and human rights.

II. NATIONAL RECONCILIATION MEASURES

14. National reconciliation requires first taking into account the harm that has been suffered by all sides.

The participants therefor advocated the organization of an appropriate framework for a thorough evaluation of the damage caused by the various crises, and for just compensation for the victims.

15. In order to lay the groundwork for a lasting peace, the participants recommended holding a National Reconciliation Conference.

However, the time

periods announced by the head of State seemed too short.

The participants therefore suggested that those periods should be adjusted to allow time for adequate preparation.

To that end, the participants hoped that such a forum would be preceded by meetings at the prefectural level, which would send delegations and their proposals to the National Reconciliation Conference so as to involve all segments of the population.

The National Reconciliation Conference would conclude with a solemn commitment to peace by all participants.

16. For national reconciliation to last, the participants felt it was essential to establish a system of government management in the Central African Republic based on the principles of good governance, in particular skilful management of human and financial resources, transparency, the banning of impunity, the establishment of accountability and respect for human rights, so that a true culture of peace and democracy could take root in the country.

17. The participants suggested that the rebel soldiers in the Central African Armed Forces should be reintegrated with honour and dignity.

III. SOCIAL AND SECURITY MEASURES

18. Despite appeals to those connected with government institutions to return to their work and courses, the administrative offices and educational establishments are nearly empty.

It is urgent to create conditions of confidence and security in order to remedy this situation.

The participants also recommended the payment of back salaries, pensions and scholarships and the revision of the 1996-1997 school calendar.

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