Military Technical Agreement between the International Security Force and the Governments of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the Republic of Serbia
- Country/entity
-
Kosovo
Serbia
Yugoslavia (former) - Region
-
Europe and Eurasia
- Agreement name
- Military Technical Agreement between the International Security Force and the Governments of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the Republic of Serbia
- Date
- 9 Jun 1999
- Agreement status
- Unilateral document
- Interim arrangement
- Yes
- Agreement/conflict level
- Interstate/intrastate conflict(s)
- Stage
- Pre-negotiation/process
- Conflict nature
- Government/territory
- Peace process
- Kosovo process
- Parties
-
For the international security force (KFOR): Lieutenant General Mike Jackson, Commander, KFOR
For the Governments of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the Republic of Serbia: Colonel General Svetozar Marjanovic General Staff of VJ; Lieutenant General Obrad Stevanovic, Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Serbia - Third parties
- -
- Description
- This military agreement provides for cessation of hostilities, phased withdrawal of all Federal Republic of Yugoslavia forces from Kosovo, and establishes a joint implementation commission. Appendix B provides for the authority of international security force (KFOR) operations.
Groups
- Children/youth
No specific mention.
- Disabled persons
No specific mention.
- Elderly/age
No specific mention.
- Migrant workers
No specific mention.
- Racial/ethnic/national group
No specific mention.
- Religious groups
No specific mention.
- Indigenous people
No specific mention.
- Other groups
No specific mention.
- Refugees/displaced persons
No specific mention.
- Social class
No specific mention.
Gender
- Women, girls and gender
No specific mention.
- Men and boys
No specific mention.
- LGBTI
No specific mention.
- Family
No specific mention.
State definition
- Nature of state (general)
No specific mention.
- State configuration
No specific mention.
- Self determination
No specific mention.
- Referendum
No specific mention.
- State symbols
No specific mention.
- Independence/secession
No specific mention.
- Accession/unification
No specific mention.
- Border delimitation
No specific mention.
- Cross-border provision
No specific mention.
Governance
- Political institutions (new or reformed)
No specific mention.
- Elections
No specific mention.
- Electoral commission
No specific mention.
- Political parties reform
No specific mention.
- Civil society
- Page 2, Article 1, General obligations, 4. (b)
The purposes of these obligations are as follows: To provide for the support and authorization of the international security force (KFOR) and in particular to authorize the international security force (KFOR) to take such actions as are required, including the use of necessary force, to ensure compliance with this agreement and protection of the international security force (KFOR), and to contribute to a secure environment for the international civil implementation presence and other international organizations, agencies and non-governmental organizations (details in appendix B). - Traditional/religious leaders
No specific mention.
- Public administration
No specific mention.
- Constitution
No specific mention.
Power sharing
- Political power sharing
No specific mention.
- Territorial power sharing
No specific mention.
- Economic power sharing
No specific mention.
- Military power sharing
No specific mention.
Human rights and equality
- Human rights/RoL general
No specific mention.
- Bill of rights/similar
No specific mention.
- Treaty incorporation
No specific mention.
- Civil and political rights
No specific mention.
- Socio-economic rights
No specific mention.
Rights related issues
- Citizenship
No specific mention.
- Democracy
No specific mention.
- Detention procedures
No specific mention.
- Media and communication
No specific mention.
- Mobility/access
No specific mention.
- Protection measures
- Rights related issues→Protection measures→OtherPage 2, Article 1, General obligations, 4. (b)
The purposes of these obligations are as follows: To provide for the support and authorization of the international security force (KFOR) and in particular to authorize the international security force (KFOR) to take such actions as are required, including the use of necessary force, to ensure compliance with this agreement and protection of the international security force (KFOR), and to contribute to a secure environment for the international civil implementation presence and other international organizations, agencies and non-governmental organizations (details in appendix B).
Page 7, Appendix B, International security force (KFOR) operations, 2.
The international security force (KFOR) commander shall have the authority, without interference or permission, to do all that he judges necessary and proper, including the use of military force, to protect the international security force (KFOR) and the international civil implementation presence, and to carry out the responsibilities inherent in this military-technical agreement and the peace settlement which it supports. - Other
No specific mention.
Rights institutions
- NHRI
No specific mention.
- Regional or international human rights institutions
No specific mention.
Justice sector reform
- Criminal justice and emergency law
No specific mention.
- State of emergency provisions
No specific mention.
- Judiciary and courts
No specific mention.
- Prisons and detention
No specific mention.
- Traditional Laws
No specific mention.
Socio-economic reconstruction
- Development or socio-economic reconstruction
No specific mention.
- National economic plan
No specific mention.
- Natural resources
No specific mention.
- International funds
No specific mention.
- Business
No specific mention.
- Taxation
No specific mention.
- Banks
No specific mention.
Land, property and environment
- Land reform/rights
No specific mention.
- Pastoralist/nomadism rights
No specific mention.
- Cultural heritage
No specific mention.
- Environment
No specific mention.
- Water or riparian rights or access
No specific mention.
Security sector
- Security Guarantees
- Page 1, Article 1, General obligations, 3. (d)
The air safety zone (ASZ) is defined as a 25-kilometre zone that extends beyond the~Kosovo province border into the rest of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia territory. It includes the airspace above the 25-kilometre zone;
Page 1, Article 1, General obligations, 3. (e)
The ground safety zone (GSZ) is defined as a 5-kilometre zone that extends beyond the Kosovo province border into the rest of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia territory. It includes the terrain within that 5-kilometre zone;
Page 2, Article II, Cessation of hostilities, 2.
...Federal Republic of Yugoslavia forces will mark and clear minefields, booby traps and obstacles. As they withdraw, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia forces will clear all lines of communication by removing all mines, demolitions, booby traps, obstacles and charges. They will also mark all sides of all minefields... - Ceasefire
- Security sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provisionPage 2, Article II, Cessation of hostilities, 1.
The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia forces shall immediately, upon entry into force of this agreement, refrain from committing any hostile or provocative acts of any type against any person in Kosovo and will order armed forces to cease all such activities. They shall not encourage, organize or support hostile or provocative demonstrations.
Page 2, Article II, Cessation of hostilities, 2.
Phased withdrawal of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia forces (ground). The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia agrees to a phased withdrawal of all Federal Republic of Yugoslavia forces from Kosovo to locations in Serbia outside Kosovo. Federal Republic of Yugoslavia forces will mark and clear minefields, booby traps and obstacles. As they withdraw, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia forces will clear all lines of communication by removing all mines, demolitions, booby traps, obstacles and charges. They will also mark all sides of all minefields. The entry and deployment of the international security force (KFOR) into Kosovo will be synchronized. The phased withdrawal of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia forces from Kosovo will be in accordance with the sequence outlined below:... - Police
- Page 1, Article 1, General obligations, 3. (c)
"Federal Republic of Yugoslavia forces" includes all of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and Republic of Serbia personnel and organizations with a military capability. This includes...border police...military police...federal and Serbian Ministry of Internal Affairs local, special, riot and anti-terrorist police...
Page 2, Article 1, General obligations, 4.
The purposes of these obligations are as follows: (a) To establish a durable cessation of hostilities, under no circumstances shall any forces of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the Republic of Serbia enter into, re-enter, or remain within the territory of Kosovo or the ground safety zone and the air safety zone described in article I, paragraph 3, without the prior express consent of the international security force (KFOR) commander. Local police will be allowed to remain in the GSZ... - Armed forces
- Page 1, Article 1, General obligations, 3. (c)
"Federal Republic of Yugoslavia forces" includes all of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and Republic of Serbia personnel and organizations with a military capability. This includes regular army and naval forces, armed civilian groups, associated paramilitary groups, air forces, national guards, border police, army reserves, military police, intelligence services, federal and Serbian Ministry of Internal Affairs local, special, riot and anti-terrorist police, and any other groups or individuals so designated by the international security force (KFOR) commander;
Page 2, Article 1, General obligations, 4. (a)
The purposes of these obligations are as follows: To establish a durable cessation of hostilities, under no circumstances shall any forces of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the Republic of Serbia enter into, re-enter, or remain within the territory of Kosovo or the ground safety zone and the air safety zone described in article I, paragraph 3, without the prior express consent of the international security force (KFOR) commander. Local police will be allowed to remain in the GSZ. The above paragraph is without prejudice to the agreed return of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and Serbian personnel, which will be the subject of a subsequent separate agreement as provided for in paragraph 6 of the document mentioned in paragraph 1 of this article;
Page 2, Article II, Cessation of hostilities, 2.
Phased withdrawal of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia forces (ground). The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia agrees to a phased withdrawal of all Federal Republic of Yugoslavia forces from Kosovo to locations in Serbia outside Kosovo. Federal Republic of Yugoslavia forces will mark and clear minefields, booby traps and obstacles. As they withdraw, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia forces will clear all lines of communication by removing all mines, demolitions, booby traps, obstacles and charges. They will also mark all sides of all minefields. The entry and deployment of the international security force (KFOR) into Kosovo will be synchronized. The phased withdrawal of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia forces from Kosovo will be in accordance with the sequence outlined below:...
Page 2-3, Article II, Cessation of hostilities, 2. (a)
By EIF + 1 day, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia forces located in zone 3 will have vacated, via designated routes, that zone to demonstrate compliance (depicted on the map in appendix A to this agreement). Once it is verified that Federal Republic of Yugoslavia forces have complied with this subparagraph and with paragraph 1 of this article, NATO air strikes will be suspended. The suspension will continue provided that the obligations of this agreement are fully complied with and provided that the Security Council adopts a resolution concerning the deployment of the international security force (KFOR) so rapidly that a security gap can be avoided;
Page 3, Article II, Cessation of hostilities, 2. (b)
By EIF + 6 days, all Federal Republic of Yugoslavia forces in Kosovo will have vacated zone 1 (depicted on the map in appendix A to this agreement). Establish liaison teams with the KFOR commander in Pristina;
Page 3, Article II, Cessation of hostilities, 2. (c)
By EIF + 9 days, all Federal Republic of Yugoslavia forces in Kosovo will have vacated zone 2 (depicted on the map in appendix A to this agreement);
Page 3, Article II, Cessation of hostilities, 2. (d)
By EIF + 11 days, all Federal Republic of Yugoslavia forces in Kosovo will have vacated zone 3 (depicted on the map in appendix A to this agreement);
Page 3, Article II, Cessation of hostilities, 2. (e)
By EIF + 11 days, all Federal Republic of Yugoslavia forces in Kosovo will have completed their withdrawal from Kosovo (depicted on the map in appendix A to this agreement) to locations in Serbia outside Kosovo, and not within the 5-kilometre GSZ. At the end of the sequence (EIF+11), the senior Federal Republic of Yugoslavia force commanders responsible for the withdrawing forces shall confirm in writing to the international security force (KFOR) commander that the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia forces have complied and completed the phased withdrawal. The international security force (KFOR) commander may approve specific requests for exceptions to the phased withdrawal. The bombing campaign will terminate on complete withdrawal of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia forces as provided under article II. The international security force (KFOR) shall retain, as necessary, authority to enforce compliance with this agreement;
Page 3, Article II, Cessation of hostilities, 2. (f)
The authorities of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the Republic of Serbia will cooperate fully with the international security force (KFOR) in its verification of the withdrawal of forces from Kosovo and beyond the ASZ/GSZ;
Page 3, Article II, Cessation of hostilities, 2. (g)
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia armed forces withdrawing in accordance with appendix A, i.e., in designated assembly areas or withdrawing on designated routes, will not be subject to air attack;
Page 3-4, Article II, Cessation of hostilities, 3. (a)
Phased withdrawal of Yugoslav air and air defence forces: At EIF + 1 day, no Federal Republic of Yugoslavia aircraft, fixed wing or rotary, will fly in Kosovo airspace or over the ASZ without prior approval by the international security force (KFOR) commander. All air defence systems, radar, surface-to-air missiles and aircraft of the Parties will refrain from acquisition, target-tracking or otherwise illuminating international security
force (KFOR) air platforms operating in the Kosovo airspace or over the ASZ;
Page 4, Article II, Cessation of hostilities, 3. (b)
By EIF + 3 days, all aircraft, radars, surface-to-air missiles (including man-portable air defence systems} and anti-aircraft artillery in Kosovo will withdraw to other locations in Serbia outside the 25-kilometre ASZ;
Page 7, Appendix B, International security force (KFOR) operations, 4.
The international security force (KFOR) shall have the right: (a) To monitor and ensure compliance with this agreement and to respond promptly to any violations and restore compliance, using military force if required. This includes necessary actions to: (i) Enforce withdrawals of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia forces; (ii) Enforce compliance following the return of selected Federal Republic of Yugoslavia personnel to Kosovo;...
Page 7, Appendix B, International security force (KFOR) operations, 4.
The international security force (KFOR) shall have the right: (b) To establish liaison arrangements with local Kosovo authorities and with Federal Republic of Yugoslavia/Serbian civil and military authorities;
Page 7-8, Appendix B, International security force (KFOR) operations, 5.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this agreement, the Parties understand and agree that the international security force (KFOR) commander has the right and is authorized to compel the removal, withdrawal or relocation of specific forces and weapons, and to order the cessation of any activities whenever the international security force (KFOR) commander determines a potential threat to either the international security force (KFOR) or its mission, or to another party. Forces failing to redeploy, withdraw, relocate or to cease threatening or potentially threatening activities following such a demand by the international security force (KFOR) shall be subject to military action by the international security force (KFOR), including the use of necessary force, to ensure compliance. - DDR
No specific mention.
- Intelligence services
- Page 1, Article 1, General obligations, 3. (c)
"Federal Republic of Yugoslavia forces" includes all of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and Republic of Serbia personnel and organizations with a military capability. This includes...intelligence services... - Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces
- Page 1, Article 1, General obligations, 3. (c)
"Federal Republic of Yugoslavia forces" includes all of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and Republic of Serbia personnel and organizations with a military capability. This includes...armed civilian groups, associated paramilitary groups... - Withdrawal of foreign forces
No specific mention.
- Corruption
No specific mention.
- Crime/organised crime
No specific mention.
- Drugs
No specific mention.
- Terrorism
- Page 1, Article 1, General obligations, 3. (c)
"Federal Republic of Yugoslavia forces" includes all of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and Republic of Serbia personnel and organizations with a military capability. This includes...border police...military police...federal and Serbian Ministry of Internal Affairs local, special, riot and anti-terrorist police...
Transitional justice
- Transitional justice general
No specific mention.
- Amnesty/pardon
No specific mention.
- Courts
No specific mention.
- Mechanism
No specific mention.
- Prisoner release
No specific mention.
- Vetting
No specific mention.
- Victims
No specific mention.
- Missing persons
No specific mention.
- Reparations
No specific mention.
- Reconciliation
No specific mention.
Implementation
- UN signatory
No specific mention.
- Other international signatory
No specific mention.
- Referendum for agreement
No specific mention.
- International mission/force/similar
- Page 1, Article 1, General obligations, 1.
The Parties to this agreement reaffirm the document presented by President Ahtisaari to President Milosevic and approved by the Serb Parliament and the Federal Government on 3 June 1999, to include deployment in Kosovo under United Nations auspices of effective international civil and security presences. The Parties further note that the United Nations Security Council is prepared to adopt a resolution, which has been introduced, regarding these presences.
Page 2, Article 1, General obligations, 4. (b)
The purposes of these obligations are as follows: To provide for the support and authorization of the international security force (KFOR) and in particular to authorize the international security force (KFOR) to take such actions as are required, including the use of necessary force, to ensure compliance with this agreement and protection of the international security force (KFOR), and to contribute to a secure environment for the international civil implementation presence and other international organizations, agencies and non-governmental organizations (details in appendix B).
Page 2, Article II, Cessation of hostilities, 2.
...The entry and deployment of the international security force (KFOR) into Kosovo will be synchronized...
Page 3, Article II, Cessation of hostilities, 2. (e)
...The international security force (KFOR) commander may approve specific requests for exceptions to the phased withdrawal. The bombing campaign will terminate on complete withdrawal of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia forces as provided under article II. The international security force (KFOR) shall retain, as necessary, authority to enforce compliance with this agreement;
Page 3, Article II, Cessation of hostilities, 2. (f)
The authorities of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the Republic of Serbia will cooperate fully with the international security force (KFOR) in its verification of the withdrawal of forces from Kosovo and beyond the ASZ/GSZ;
Page 3, Article II, Cessation of hostilities, 2. (h)
The international security force (KFOR) will provide appropriate control of the borders of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in Kosovo with Albania and the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia until the arrival of the civilian mission of the United Nations.
Page 4, Article II, Cessation of hostilities, 3. (c)
The international security force (KFOR} commander will control and coordinate use of airspace over Kosovo and the ASZ commencing at EIF. Violation of any of the provisions above, including the international security force (KFOR) commander's rules and procedures governing the airspace over Kosovo, as well as unauthorized flight or activation of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia integrated air defence within the ASZ, are subject to military action by the international security force (KFOR}, including the use of necessary force. The international security force (KFOR) commander may delegate control of normal
civilian air activities to appropriate Federal Republic of Yugoslavia institutions to monitor operations, deconflict international security force (KFOR) air traffic movements and ensure smooth and safe operations of the air traffic system. I~ is envisioned that control of civil air traffic will be returned to civilian authorities as soon as practicable.
Page 4, Article III, Notifications, 1.
This agreement and written orders requiring compliance will be immediately communicated to all Federal Republic of Yugoslavia forces.
Page 4, Article III, Notifications, 2.
By EIF + 2 days, the State governmental authorities of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the Republic of Serbia shall furnish the following specific information regarding the status of all Federal Republic of Yugoslavia forces:
(a) Detailed records, positions and descriptions of all mines, unexploded ordnance, explosive devices, demolitions, obstacles, booby traps, wire entanglement, or physical or military hazards to the safe movement of any personnel in Kosovo laid by Federal Republic of Yugoslavia forces;
(b) Any further information of a military or security nature about Federal Republic of Yugoslavia forces in the territory of Kosovo and the GSZ and ASZ requested by the international security force (KFOR) commander.
Page 5, Article V, Final authority to interpret
The international security force (KFOR) commander is the final authority regarding interpretation of this agreement and the security aspects of the peace settlement it supports. His determinations are binding on all Parties and persons.
Page 7, Appendix B, International security force (KFOR) operations, 1.
Consistent with the general obligations of the military-technical agreement the State governmental authorities of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the Republic of Serbia understand and agree that the international security force (KFOR) will deploy and operate without hindrance within Kosovo and with the authority to take all necessary action to establish and maintain a secure environment for all citizens of Kosovo.
Page 7, Appendix B, International security force (KFOR) operations, 2.
The international security force (KFOR) commander shall have the authority, without interference or permission, to do all that he judges necessary and proper, including the use of military force, to protect the international security force (KFOR) and the international civil implementation presence, and to carry out the responsibilities inherent in this military-technical agreement and the peace settlement which it supports.
Page 7, Appendix B, International security force (KFOR) operations, 3.
Neither the international security force (KFOR) nor any of its personnel shall be liable for any damages to public or private property that they may cause in the course of duties related to the implementation of this agreement. The Parties will agree on a status-of-forces agreement as soon as possible.
Page 7, Appendix B, International security force (KFOR) operations, 4.
The international security force (KFOR) shall have the right: (a) To monitor and ensure compliance with this agreement and to respond promptly to any violations and restore compliance, using military force if required. This includes necessary actions to: (i) Enforce withdrawals of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia forces; (ii) Enforce compliance following the return of selected Federal Republic of Yugoslavia personnel to Kosovo; (iii) Provide assistance to other international entities involved in the implementation or otherwise authorized by the Security Council;
Page 7, Appendix B, International security force (KFOR) operations, 4.
The international security force (KFOR) shall have the right: (c) To observe, monitor and inspect any and all facilities or activities in Kosovo that the international security force (KFOR) commander believes has or may have military or police capability, or may be associated with the employment of military or police capabilities, or are otherwise relevant to compliance with this agreement.
Page 7-8, Appendix B, International security force (KFOR) operations, 5.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this agreement, the Parties understand and agree that the international security force (KFOR) commander has the right and is authorized to compel the removal, withdrawal or relocation of specific forces and weapons, and to order the cessation of any activities whenever the international security force (KFOR) commander determines a potential threat to either the international security force (KFOR) or its mission, or to another party. Forces failing to redeploy, withdraw, relocate or to cease threatening or potentially threatening activities following such a demand by the international security force (KFOR) shall be subject to military action by the international security force (KFOR), including the use of necessary force, to ensure compliance. - Enforcement mechanism
- Page 5, Article IV, Establishment of a Joint Implementation Commission
A Joint Implementation Commission shall be established with the deployment of the international security force (KFOR) to Kosovo, as directed by the international security force (KFOR) commander.
Page 7, Appendix B, International security force (KFOR) operations, 4.
The international security force (KFOR) shall have the right: (a) To monitor and ensure compliance with this agreement and to respond promptly to any violations and restore compliance, using military force if required... - Related cases
No specific mention.
- Source
- UN Peacemaker
http://peacemaker.un.org/
Military-technical aqreement between the international security force (KFOR) and the Governments of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the Republic of Serbia
Article I General obligations
1. The Parties to this agreement reaffirm the document presented by President Ahtisaari to President Milosevic and approved by the Serb Parliament and the Federal Government on 3 June 1999, to include deployment in Kosovo under United Nations auspices of effective international civil and security presences.
The Parties further note that the United Nations Security Council is prepared to adopt a resolution, which has been introduced, regarding these presences.
2. The State governmental authorities of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the Republic of Serbia understand and agree that the international security force (KFOR) will deploy following the adoption of the Security Council resolution referred to in paragraph 1 and operate without hindrance within Kosovo and with the authority to take all necessary action to establish and maintain a secure environment for all citizens of Kosovo and otherwise carry out its mission.
They further agree to comply with all of the obligations of this agreement and to facilitate the deployment and operation of this force.
3. For purposes of the agreement, the following expressions shall have the meanings as described below:
(a) "The Parties" are those signatories to the agreement;
(b) "Authorities" means the appropriate responsible individual, agency or organization of the Parties;
(c) "Federal Republic of Yugoslavia forces" includes all of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and Republic of Serbia personnel and organizations with a military capability.
This includes regular army and naval forces, armed civilian groups, associated paramilitary groups, air forces, national guards, border police, army reserves, military police, intelligence services, federal and Serbian Ministry of Internal Affairs local, special, riot and anti-terrorist police, and any other groups or individuals so designated by the international security force (KFOR) commander;
(d) The air safety zone (ASZ) is defined as a 25-kilometre zone that extends beyond the~Kosovo province border into the rest of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia territory.
It includes the airspace above the 25-kilometre zone;
(e) The ground safety zone (GSZ) is defined as a 5-kilometre zone that extends beyond the Kosovo province border into the rest of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia territory.
It includes the terrain within that 5-kilometre zone;
(f) Entry-into-force day (EIF) is defined as the day this agreement is signed.
4. The purposes of these obligations are as follows:
(a) To establish a durable cessation of hostilities, under no circumstances shall any forces of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the
Republic of Serbia enter into, re-enter, or remain within the territory of Kosovo or the ground safety zone and the air safety zone described in article I, paragraph 3, without the prior express consent of the international security force (KFOR) commander.
Local police will be allowed to remain in the GSZ.
The above paragraph is without prejudice to the agreed return of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and Serbian personnel, which will be the subject of a subsequent separate agreement as provided for in paragraph 6 of the document mentioned in paragraph 1 of this article;
(b) To provide for the support and authorization of the international security force (KFOR) and in particular to authorize the international security
force (KFOR) to take such actions as are required, including the use of necessary force, to ensure compliance with this agreement and protection of the international security force (KFOR), and to contribute to a secure environment for the international civil implementation presence and other international organizations, agencies and non-governmental organizations (details in appendix B) .
Article II Cessation of hostilities
1. The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia forces shall immediately, upon entry into force of this agreement, refrain from committing any hostile or provocative acts of any type against any person in Kosovo and will order armed forces to cease all such activities.
They shall not encourage, organize or support hostile or provocative demonstrations.
2. Phased withdrawal of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia forces (ground).
The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia agrees to a phased withdrawal of all Federal Republic of Yugoslavia forces from Kosovo to locations in Serbia outside Kosovo.
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia forces will mark and clear minefields, booby traps and obstacles.
As they withdraw, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia forces will clear all lines of communication by removing all mines, demolitions, booby traps, obstacles and charges.
They will also mark all sides of all minefields.
The entry and deployment of the international security force (KFOR) into Kosovo will be synchronized.
The phased withdrawal of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
forces from Kosovo will be in accordance with the sequence outlined below:
(a) By EIF + 1 day, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia forces located in zone 3 will have vacated, via designated routes, that zone to demonstrate
compliance (depicted on the map in appendix A to this agreement).
Once it is verified that Federal Republic of Yugoslavia forces have complied with this subparagraph and with paragraph 1 of this article, NATO air strikes will be suspended.
The suspension will continue provided that the obligations of this agreement are fully complied with and provided that the Security Council adopts a resolution concerning the deployment of the international security force (KFOR) so rapidly that a security gap can be avoided;
(b) By EIF + 6 days, all Federal Republic of Yugoslavia forces in Kosovo will have vacated zone 1 (depicted on the map in appendix A to this agreement).
Establish liaison teams with the KFOR commander in Pristina;
(c} By EIF + 9 days, all Federal Republic of Yugoslavia forces in Kosovo will have vacated zone 2 (depicted on the map in appendix A to this agreement};
(d) By EIF + 11 days, all Federal Republic of Yugoslavia forces in Kosovo will have vacated zone 3 (depicted on the map in appendix A to this agreement);
(e} By EIF + 11 days, all Federal Republic of Yugoslavia forces in Kosovo will have completed their withdrawal from Kosovo (depicted on the map in appendix A to this agreement) to locations in Serbia outside Kosovo, and not within the 5-kilometre GSZ.
At the end of the sequence (EIF+11), the senior Federal Republic of Yugoslavia force commanders responsible for the withdrawing forces shall confirm in writing to the international security force (KFOR) commander that the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia forces have complied and completed the phased withdrawal.
The international security force (KFOR) commander may approve specific requests for exceptions to the phased withdrawal.
The bombing campaign will terminate on complete withdrawal of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia forces as provided under article II.
The international security force (KFOR) shall retain, as necessary, authority to enforce compliance with this agreement;
(f) The authorities of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the Republic of Serbia will cooperate fully with the international security force {KFOR) in its verification of the withdrawal of forces from Kosovo and beyond the ASZ/GSZ;
(g) Federal Republic of Yugoslavia armed forces withdrawing in accordance with appendix A, i.e., in designated assembly areas or withdrawing on designated routes, will not be subject to air attack;
(h) The international security force (KFOR) will provide appropriate control of the borders of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in Kosovo with
Albania and the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia until the arrival of the civilian mission of the United Nations.
3. Phased withdrawal of Yugoslav air and air defence forces:
(a) At EIF + 1 day, no Federal Republic of Yugoslavia aircraft, fixed wing or rotary, will fly in Kosovo airspace or over the ASZ without prior approval by the international security force (KFOR) commander.
All air defence systems, radar, surface-to-air missiles and aircraft of the Parties will refrain from acquisition, target-tracking or otherwise illuminating international security
force (KFOR) air platforms operating in the Kosovo airspace or over the ASZ;
(b) By EIF + 3 days, all aircraft, radars, surface-to-air missiles (including man-portable air defence systems} and anti-aircraft artillery in Kosovo will withdraw to other locations in Serbia outside the 25-kilometre ASZ;
(c) The international security force (KFOR} commander will control and coordinate use of airspace over Kosovo and the ASZ commencing at EIF.
Violation of any of the provisions above, including the international security force (KFOR) commander's rules and procedures governing the airspace over Kosovo, as well as unauthorized flight or activation of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia integrated air defence within the ASZ, are subject to military action by the international security force (KFOR}, including the use of necessary force.
The international security force (KFOR) commander may delegate control of normal civilian air activities to appropriate Federal Republic of Yugoslavia institutions to monitor operations, deconflict international security force (KFOR) air traffic movements and ensure smooth and safe operations of the air traffic system.
I~ is envisioned that control of civil air traffic will be returned to civilian authorities as soon as practicable.
Article III Notifications
1. This agreement and written orders requiring compliance will be immediately communicated to all Federal Republic of Yugoslavia forces.
2. By EIF + 2 days, the State governmental authorities of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the Republic of Serbia shall furnish the following specific information regarding the status of all Federal Republic of Yugoslavia forces:
(a) Detailed records, positions and descriptions of all mines, unexploded ordnance, explosive devices, demolitions, obstacles, booby traps, wire
entanglement, or physical or military hazards to the safe movement of any personnel in Kosovo laid by Federal Republic of Yugoslavia forces;
(b) Any further information of a military or security nature about Federal Republic of Yugoslavia forces in the territory of Kosovo and the GSZ and ASZ requested by the international security force (KFOR) commander.
Article IV Establishment of a Joint Implementation Commission
A Joint Implementation Commission shall be established with the deployment of the international security force (KFOR) to Kosovo, as directed by the international security force (KFOR) commander.
Article V Final authority to interpret
The international security force (KFOR) commander is the final authority regarding interpretation of this agreement and the security aspects of the peace settlement it supports.
His determinations are binding on all Parties and persons·.
Article VI Entry into force
This agreement shall enter into force upon signature.
Appendices:
A. Phased withdrawal of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia forces from Kosovo.
B. International security force (KFOR) operations.
For the international security force (KFOR): Lieutenant General Mike Jackson, Commander, KFOR
For the Governments of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the Republic of Serbia:
Colonel General Svetozar Marjanovic, General Staff of VJ
Lieutenant General Obrad Stevanovic Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Serbia
Appendix A:
Phased withdrawal of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia forces, routes and assembly areas [maps]
Appendix B:
International security force (KFOR) operations
1. Consistent with the general obligations of the military-technical agreement the State governmental authorities of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the Republic of Serbia understand and agree that the international security force (KFOR) will deploy and operate without hindrance within Kosovo and with the authority to take all necessary action to establish and maintain a secure environment for all citizens of Kosovo.
2. The international security force (KFOR) commander shall have the authority, without interference or permission, to do all that he judges necessary and proper, including the use of military force, to protect the international security force (KFOR) and the international civil implementation presence, and to carry out the responsibilities inherent in this military-technical agreement and the peace settlement which it supports.
3. Neither the international security force (KFOR) nor any of its personnel shall be liable for any damages to public or private property that they may cause in the course of duties related to the implementation of this agreement.
The Parties will agree on a status-of-forces agreement as soon as possible.
4. The international security force (KFOR) shall have the right:
(a) To monitor and ensure compliance with this agreement and to respond promptly to any violations and restore compliance, using military force if
required.
This includes necessary actions to:
(i) Enforce withdrawals of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia forces;
(ii) Enforce compliance following the return of selected Federal Republic of Yugoslavia personnel to Kosovo;
(iii) Provide assistance to other international entities involved in the implementation or otherwise authorized by the Security Council;
(b) To establish liaison arrangements with local Kosovo authorities and with Federal Republic of Yugoslavia/Serbian civil and military.
authorities;
(c) To observe, monitor and inspect any and all facilities or activities in Kosovo that the international security force (KFOR) commander believes has or may have military or police capability, or may be associated with the employment of military or police capabilities, or are otherwise relevant to compliance with this agreement.
5. Notwithstanding any other provision of this agreement, the Parties understand and agree that the international security force (KFOR) commander has the right and is authorized to compel the removal, withdrawal or relocation of potential threat to either the international security force (KFOR) or its mission, or to another party.
Forces failing to redeploy, withdraw, relocate or to cease threatening or potentially threatening activities following such a demand by the international security force (KFOR) shall be subject to military action by the international security force (KFOR), including the use of necessary force, to ensure compliance.