Agreement on the Temporary International Presence in the City of Hebron

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Country/entity: Israel
Palestine
Region: Middle East and North Africa
Agreement name: Agreement on the Temporary International Presence in the City of Hebron
Date: 9 May 1996
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Arab-Israeli Conflicts (1948 - )
This conflict involves Israelis and Palestinians over territory and belonging and has long historical antecedents. The agreements post-1990 are between the Palestinian Liberation Organisation (PLO) and Israel, with some supporting inter-state agreements (i.e. between Israel and Jordan). More recently the importance of the once dominating Palestinian Liberation Organisation (PLO) has diminished not in the least due to the effective disappearance of its left-wing members and the loss of the popularity of their political wing, Fatah. Hamas and other Islamic groups have attained significant relevance in Fatah’s stead, with Hamas controlling the Gaza strip (from which Israel ultimately unilaterally withdrew (not coded as a peace agreement).

Geo-political implications of the conflict have been considerable across the MENA region.
Stage: Framework/substantive - partial
Conflict nature: Government/territory
Peace process: Israel-Palestine peace process
Parties: Israel, signed by Mr. Joel Singer; PLO, signed by Dr. Saeb Erakat
Third parties: -
Description: Pursuant to Article VII of the Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, dated September 28, 1995, the two sides agree to the establishment of a Temporary International Presence in the city of Hebron.

Agreement document: IL_PS_960409_Agreement_on_Temporary_International_Presence_in_Hebron (I).pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: Power sharing→Military power sharing→Proportionality
Page 2, 6. The TIPH will report to the following:
e. On specific events - to a Joint Hebron Committee ("JHC"), comprised of two representatives from each side. The senior Palestinian representative will be the Mayor of Hebron and the senior Israeli representative will be the head of the Civil Administration in the city of Hebron. A representative of the TIPH will be invited on a bi -weekly basis to participate in the JHC meeting in order to report on the TIPH activities.
f. Periodically - to the Monitoring and Steering Committee established pursuant to the Interim Agreement.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: Page 2, 8. The TIPH will enjoy freedom of movement for the performance of its tasks within the city of Hebron. Such freedom of movement shall not be restricted, except for reasons of imperative military necessity, and then only as an exceptional and temporary measure.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: No specific mention.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: Page 2, 10. The expenses of the TIPH will be borne by Norway.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: Page 1, Article 4. The tasks of the TIPH personnel will be:
b. to contribute by their presence to a feeling of security to the Palestinians of Hebron;

Page 2, 7. The members of the TIPH shall wear distinctive uniforms with a special emblem, as agreed by the two sides, and their vehicles shall be
marked with the same emblem. TIPH members may carry pistols for self-defense purposes.
Ceasefire: No specific mention.
Police: Page 1, Article 3. The TIPH personnel shall have no military or police functions.
Armed forces: Page 1, Article 3. The TIPH personnel shall have no military or police functions.

Page 2, 6. The TIPH will report to the following:
e. On specific events - to a Joint Hebron Committee ("JHC"), comprised of two representatives from each side. The senior Palestinian representative will be the Mayor of Hebron and the senior Israeli representative will be the head of the Civil Administration [run by IDF] in the city of Hebron. A representative of the TIPH will be invited on a bi -weekly basis to participate in the JHC meeting in order to report on the TIPH activities.
f. Periodically - to the Monitoring and Steering Committee established pursuant to the Interim Agreement.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: No specific mention.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: [Summary] Agreement establishes that an international presence will be established in Hebron to "assist in promoting stability and in monitoring and reporting the efforts to maintain normal life in the city". This agreement will remain in force until such time as Israeli forces redeploy from Hebron.The two sides shall request Norway to provide 50-60 persons, citizens of Norway, as TIPH personnel, consisting of field observers, office staff and support personnel, as agreed between the two sides.

Page 2, 9. The TIPH and its members shall, in conformity with the Modalities referred to in paragraph 2, be accorded such privileges and immunities as are necessary for the fulfilment of their tasks, and for the independent exercise of their functions, including immunity of the TIPH premises. The presence and activities of the personnel assigned by Norway to the TIPH will be in accordance with Israel's responsibility for security in Hebron consistent with the DOP and dates of its implementation.
Enforcement mechanism: Page 2, 6. The TIPH will report to the following:
e. On specific events - to a Joint Hebron Committee ("JHC"), comprised of two representatives from each side. The senior Palestinian representative will be the Mayor of Hebron and the senior Israeli representative will be the head of the Civil Administraion in the city of Hebron. A representative of the TIPH will be invited on a bi -weekly basis to participate in the JHC meeting in order to report on the TIPH activities.

f. Periodically - to the Monitoring and Steering Committee established pursuant to the Interim Agreement.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: UN Peacemaker http://peacemaker.un.org/; http://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/IS%20PS_960409_Agreement%20on%20Temporary%20International%20Presence%20in%20Hebron.pdf

Agreement on Temporary International Presence in

the City of Hebron

1. Pursuant to Article VII of the Interim Agreement on the West

Bank and the Gaza Strip, dated September 28, 1995, the two sides

agree to the establishment of a Temporary International Presence in

the city of Hebron ("TIPH").

This agreement will remain in force until

such time as Israeli forces redeploy from Hebron, whereupon it will be

superseded by a new agreement to be negotiated by the two sides and

the TIPH established by this Agreement will be replaced by a new TIPH

to be established under the new agreement ("the new TIPH").

2. A Temporary International presence will be established in the

city of Hebron.

As detailed in paragraph 4 below, the TIPH will, in

anticipation of the Israeli redeployment in Hebron, act as an advance

party for the new TIPH, assist in promoting stability and in monitoring

and reporting the efforts to maintain normal life in the city of Hebron,

thus creating a feeling of security among Palestinians in the city of

Hebron.

The organizational structure, operational guidelines, logistics,

support and privileges and immunities of the TIPH shall be in

accordance with the Modalities on the establishment of the TIPH

established by Norway with the agreement of the two sides.

3. The two sides shall request Norway to provide 50-60 persons,

citizens of Norway, as TIPH personnel, consisting of field observers,

office staff and support personnel, as agreed between the two sides.

Consistent with its stated task, the TIPH personnel shall have no

military or police functions.

4. The tasks of the TIPH personnel will be:

a. to begin preparations for the establishment of the new

TIPH;

b. to contribute by their presence to a feeling of security to

the Palestinians of Hebron;

c. to help promote stability and an appropriate environment

conducive to the enhancement of the well-being of the

Palestinians in Hebron and their economic development;

and

d. to provide reports as set out in paragraph 6 below.

5. In order to facilitate the carrying out of the TIPH tasks, a

building will be chosen in the city of Hebron as a seat for the TIPH.

6. The TIPH will report to the following:

e. On specific events - to a Joint Hebron Committee ("JHC"),

comprised of two representatives from each side.

The

senior Palestinian representative will be the Mayor of

Hebron and the senior Israeli representative will be the

head of the Civil Administration in the city of Hebron.

representative of the TIPH will be invited on a bi -weekly

basis to participate in the JHC meeting in order to report

on the TIPH activities.

f. Periodically - to the Monitoring and Steering Committee

established pursuant to the Interim Agreement.

7. The members of the TIPH shall wear distinctive uniforms with a

special emblem, as agreed by the two sides, and their vehicles shall be

marked with the same emblem.

TIPH members may carry pistols for

self-defense purposes.

8. The TIPH will enjoy freedom of movement for the performance of

its tasks within the city of Hebron.

Such freedom of movement shall

not be restricted, except for reasons of imperative military necessity,

and then only as an exceptional and temporary measure.

9. The TIPH and its members shall, in conformity with the

Modalities referred to in paragraph 2, be accorded such privileges and

immunities as are necessary for the fulfilment of their tasks, and for

the independent exercise of their functions, including immunity of the

TIPH premises.

The presence and activities of the personnel assigned

by Norway to the TIPH will be in accordance with Israel's responsibility

for security in Hebron consistent with the DOP and dates of its

implementation.

10. The expenses of the TIPH will be borne by Norway.

11. The TIPH may commence its operation immediately after the

signing of this Agreement and continue to function for a period of

three months or until such earlier date on which this agreement is

superseded by a new agreement pursuant to paragraph 1 above.

With

the consent of the two sides, the TIPH may extend the period or

change the scope of its operation, as agreed.

Signed by:

Mr. Joel Singer

Dr. Saeb Erakat

9 May 1996