Agreement on the peaceful regulation of the Situation in the Chechen Republic (on a set of military issues)

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Country/entity: Russia
Chechnya
Region: Europe and Eurasia
Agreement name: Agreement on the peaceful regulation of the Situation in the Chechen Republic (on a set of military issues)
Date: 30 Jul 1995
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Chechnya Conflicts (1991 - 2009)
The First Chechen War (1995 - 1997)
Following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, relations between the Federal Russian government with the over 100 ethnic groups deteriorated as demands for autonomy became a major political issue. In March 1992, a federation treaty was drafted and by 1994 the treaty was signed between 87 of the 88 federal jurisdictions and central government, with Chechnya being the exception. The conflict erupted in 1991 following the death of the head of the Communist Party in Grozny when a faction of the USSR’s dissolved military stormed Party Headquarters. Russian forces failed to re-take Grozny and in 1993 the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria announced its independence. Violence and discrimination preceded economic stagnation as non-Chechnens fled the region, and eventually an undeclared civil war broke out as the Chechen opposition attempted a counter-coup against the Chechen ruler Dzhokhar Dudayev. Following the dissolution of the Chechen Parliament in June 1993, a state of emergency was declared, and in December that year an other coup was attempted by the opposition. Issues of sovereignty spurred an assault by Russian troops in December 1994, marking the start of the first Chechen War wherein Russian troops faced four years of insurgency until a ceasefire was unilaterally declared in 1996. A peace treaty was signed in 1997 and Russian forces withdrew.

The Second Chechen War (1999 - 2004)
The inter-war period was marked by economic desolation, corruption and crime. Political polarization was rife, and religious extremism flourished. In August 1999, the Islamic International Brigade led by Shamil Basayev invaded the Russian Republic of Dagestan seeking to found an Islamic State, thereby sparking the Second Chechen War. In response, the Russian Federation began a bombing campaign against the Chechen government and eventually re-took Grozny. An insurgency began following the fall of the Chechen government and separatist attacks spurred an increasingly harsh response from the Kremlin. By 2006, the main separatist leaders had been killed, and the republic has been run by the pro-Russian government led by Ramzan Kadyrov since 2007.
Stage: Pre-negotiation/process
Conflict nature: Government/territory
Peace process: Chechnya peace process
Parties: 3
The sides have agreed on the continuation of negotiations on the political and economic sets of issues.
The agreement goes into force from the moment of its signing.
From the government of the Russian Federation:
Mikhailov, V. A.
Volsky, A. N.
Krasnov, M. A.
Kulikov, A. S.
Semenov, I. I.

From the government of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria:
Imaev, U. K.
Zakaev, A. Kh.
Idigov, A. D.
Maskhadov, A. A.
Yarikhanov, Kh. A.
Third parties: Signed in the presence of the OSCE Support Group in the Chechen Republic:
S. Mesarosh
O. M. Pelen
Description: Agreement outlines a full cessation of military activities, and end to terrorist acts and sabotage, disarmament protocols, and the release of detainees.

Agreement document: RU_950730_Peaceful Resolution Military Issues.pdf.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: Page 1, The plenipotentiary delegations of the Government of the Russian Federation and the Government of the Chechen Republic of Ichheria1 on the peaceful regulation of the situation in the Chechen Republic, guided by the sincere desire to cease military activities and achieve peace, rejecting the use of force or the threat of force in the resolution of disputed issues, and striving to create conditions for the conducting of free democratic elections, came to the following agreement:

Page 2, The sides have also agreed that:
... For the period of the decision of the set of military issues until the holding of elections there are created the following structures with the exclusive right of control over the implementation of the Agreement that has been reached:
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: Special Observation Commission to be establihsed with control over the carrying of all agmts concerning the whole set of military issues, to inlude local elders and clergy,
Traditional/religious leaders: Page 1, a) The cessation of military activities is secured by the following measures:
... the creation of a Special Observation Commission (SNK), upon which is laid the task of the organization of the work and control over the fulfilment of the understandings and agreements on the whole set of military issues. Within the SNK, by the mutual agreement, are included the military representatives of the sides, the Committee of national accord, the council of elders, the clergy, and the Territorial Administration of federal organs of executive power in the Chechen Republic. Representatives of the OSCE are invited as observers;

[Summary] there is mention of a council of elders at the village level to cooperate with the SNK for disarming local militias and individuals.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: Power sharing→Military power sharing→Proportionality
Page 1, a) The cessation of military activities is secured by the following measures:
... the creation of a Special Observation Commission (SNK), upon which is laid the task of the organization of the work and control over the fulfilment of the understandings and agreements on the whole set of military issues. Within the SNK, by the mutual agreement, are included the military representatives of the sides, the Committee of national accord, the council of elders, the clergy, and the Territorial Administration of federal organs of executive power in the Chechen Republic. Representatives of the OSCE are invited as observers;
a mutual exchange of maps of the location and deployment of military formations and maps of minefields, and the handing over of these maps to the SNK.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: Page 1, The plenipotentiary delegations of the Government of the Russian Federation and the Government of the Chechen Republic of Ichheria1 on the peaceful regulation of the situation in the Chechen Republic, guided by the sincere desire to cease military activities and achieve peace, rejecting the use of force or the threat of force in the resolution of disputed issues, and striving to create conditions for the conducting of free democratic elections, came to the following agreement:
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: No specific mention.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: Security sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provision
Page 1, a) The cessation of military activities is secured by the following measures:
the simultaneous issuance of order to cease fire, signed by the Commander of the Joint group of Russian troops in the Chechen Republic and the Chief of the main staff of the armed forces of the Chechen Republic;
... a mutual exchange of maps of the location and deployment of military formations and maps of minefields, and the handing over of these maps to the SNK.
Police: Page 2, The sides have also agreed that:
-- weapons are handed over the SNK according to the procedure established by law by the decision of the council of elders of populated points and with the agreement of the SNK in populated points, detachments of 15 to 25 persons are formed for their defense until the formation of law-enforcement organs. Arms given over to them are registered and stored according to established procedure;

Page 2, The sides have also agreed that:
The sides have agreed also, that on the territory of the Chechen Republic there will be deployed the Internal Troops of the Interior Ministry (MVD) of Russia in number up to one brigade. Among the tasks of this brigade will be included the provision of aid to law-enforcement organs in support of social order and the securing of the safety of citizens. From the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation there will be one machine-gun (motostrelkovaya) brigade. The plan of deployment for the aforementioned brigades in the following is agreed with the organs of state power of the Chechen Republic.
Armed forces: Page 1, a) The cessation of military activities is secured by the following measures:
... the creation of a Special Observation Commission (SNK), upon which is laid the task of the organization of the work and control over the fulfilment of the understandings and agreements on the whole set of military issues. Within the SNK, by the mutual agreement, are included the military representatives of the sides, the Committee of national accord, the council of elders, the clergy, and the Territorial Administration of federal organs of executive power in the Chechen Republic. Representatives of the OSCE are invited as observers;
a mutual exchange of maps of the location and deployment of military formations and maps of minefields, and the handing over of these maps to the SNK.

Page 2, The sides have also agreed that:
-- simultaneously with disarmament, there takes place a gradual withdrawal of troops.

Page 2, The sides have also agreed that:
The sides have agreed also, that on the territory of the Chechen Republic there will be deployed the Internal Troops of the Interior Ministry (MVD) of Russia in number up to one brigade. Among the tasks of this brigade will be included the provision of aid to law-enforcement organs in support of social order and the securing of the safety of citizens. From the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation there will be one machine-gun (motostrelkovaya) brigade. The plan of deployment for the aforementioned brigades in the following is agreed with the organs of state power of the Chechen Republic.
DDR: Security sector→DDR→Demilitarisation provisions
Page 1, c) Disarmament and a gradual withdrawal of troops are the most important issues of this set. Under their examination, the sides have agreed that complete disarmament entails the disarmament of illegal armed formations (i.e. formations not covered by Law “Defense”) and individual citizens illegally possessing arms. Disarmament is conducted in three stages. The first stage involves the disarmament of illegal armed formations, subdivisions and other organizations under the command of field commanders. In the second stage, subject to disarmament are citizens belonging to militias defending villages and populated points. In the third stage, individual persons are disarmed.

Page 2, The sides have also agreed that:
-- weapons are handed over the SNK according to the procedure established by law by the decision of the council of elders of populated points and with the agreement of the SNK in populated points, detachments of 15 to 25 persons are formed for their defense until the formation of law-enforcement organs. Arms given over to them are registered and stored according to established procedure;

Page 2, The sides have also agreed that:
-- disarmament in individual cases entails the buyback of weapons;
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: Page 1, c) Disarmament and a gradual withdrawal of troops are the most important issues of this set. Under their examination, the sides have agreed that complete disarmament entails the disarmament of illegal armed formations (i.e. formations not covered by Law “Defense”) and individual citizens illegally possessing arms. Disarmament is conducted in three stages. The first stage involves the disarmament of illegal armed formations, subdivisions and other organizations under the command of field commanders. In the second stage, subject to disarmament are citizens belonging to militias defending villages and populated points. In the third stage, individual persons are disarmed.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: Page 1, c) Disarmament and a gradual withdrawal of troops are the most important issues of this set. Under their examination, the sides have agreed that complete disarmament entails the disarmament of illegal armed formations (i.e. formations not covered by Law “Defense”) and individual citizens illegally possessing arms. Disarmament is conducted in three stages. The first stage involves the disarmament of illegal armed formations, subdivisions and other organizations under the command of field commanders. In the second stage, subject to disarmament are citizens belonging to militias defending villages and populated points. In the third stage, individual persons are disarmed.

Page 2, The sides have also agreed that:
-- during the period of disarmament, there takes place the withdrawal of military formations from the lines of contact to a distance of 2-4 kilometers in order to secure safety and the impermissibility of unprovoked incidents;

Page 2, The sides have also agreed that:
-- simultaneously with disarmament, there takes place a gradual withdrawal of troops.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: Page 2, The sides have also agreed that:
d) The cessation of terrorist acts and sabotage entails a declaration of the military command of the sides on the full condemnation and impermissibility of any terrorist acts and sabotage. The delegation of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria has condemned any terrorist acts and has obligated itself to provide the Russian side with aid in the search and detention of Shamil Basaev and his group, accused of undertaking a terrorist act in the city of Budyennovsk.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: Page 1, b) The freeing of forcibly detained people entails the conducting of the following mutual agreed actions:
a mutual exchange of lists of forcibly detained persons, including the submission of lists of persons confined in filtration points in Mozdok, Grozny and other area of their confinement;
a mutual exchange of lists of persons disappearing without a trace;
a mutual freeing of forcibly detained person on the principle of “all in all” within a period of a week from the day of the signing of this Agreement;
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: Page 1, b) The freeing of forcibly detained people entails the conducting of the following mutual agreed actions:
a mutual exchange of lists of forcibly detained persons, including the submission of lists of persons confined in filtration points in Mozdok, Grozny and other area of their confinement;
a mutual exchange of lists of persons disappearing without a trace;
a mutual freeing of forcibly detained person on the principle of “all in all” within a period of a week from the day of the signing of this Agreement;
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: Signed in the presence of the OSCE Support Group in the Chechen Republic:
S. Mesarosh
O. M. Pelen
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: Page 2, The sides have also agreed that:
... A Special Observation Commission, created on an agreed basis with the participation of the OSCE;
Enforcement mechanism: Page 1, the creation of a Special Observation Commission (SNK), upon which is laid the task of the organization of the work and control over the fulfilment of the understandings and agreements on the whole set of military issues. Within the SNK, by the mutual agreement, are included the military representatives of the sides, the Committee of national accord, the council of elders, the clergy, and the Territorial Administration of federal organs of executive power in the Chechen Republic. Representatives of the OSCE are invited as observers;

Page 2, The sides have also agreed that:
-- disarmament is conducted under the control of the SNK;

Page 2, The sides have also agreed that:
-- the mechanism of disarmament is agreed in every concrete instance with the council of elders of the village, with the participation of the SNK;

Page 2, The sides have also agreed that:
... The plenipotentiary of the Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the Chechen Republic, and also the SNK, the co-presidents of which are the Commander of the Unified group of Russian troops in the Chechen Republic and the Chief of the Main Staff of the Armed Forces of the Chechen Republic A. Maskhadov, act as the guarantors of the implementation of the present Agreement.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: https://peacemaker.un.org/russia-militaryissues95

Agreement on the peaceful regulation of the situation in the Chechen Republic (on a set of military issues)

Signed in Grozny on 30 July 1995

The plenipotentiary delegations of the Government of the Russian Federation and the Government of the Chechen Republic of Ichheria1 on the peaceful regulation of the situation in the Chechen Republic, guided by the sincere desire to cease military activities and achieve peace, rejecting the use of force or the threat of force in the resolution of disputed issues, and striving to create conditions for the conducting of free democratic elections, came to the following agreement:

a) The cessation of military activities is secured by the following measures:

the simultaneous issuance of order to cease fire, signed by the Commander of the Joint group of Russian troops in the Chechen Republic and the Chief of the main staff of the armed forces of the Chechen Republic;

the creation of a Special Observation Commission (SNK), upon which is laid the task of the organization of the work and control over the fulfilment of the understandings and agreements on the whole set of military issues.

Within the SNK, by the mutual agreement, are included the military representatives of the sides, the Committee of national accord, the council of elders, the clergy, and the Territorial Administration of federal organs of executive power in the Chechen Republic.

Representatives of the OSCE are invited as observers;

a mutual exchange of maps of the location and deployment of military formations and maps of minefields, and the handing over of these maps to the SNK.

b) The freeing of forcibly detained people entails the conducting of the following mutual agreed actions:

a mutual exchange of lists of forcibly detained persons, including the submission of lists of persons confined in filtration points in Mozdok, Grozny and other area of their confinement;

a mutual exchange of lists of persons disappearing without a trace;

a mutual freeing of forcibly detained person on the principle of “all in all” within a period of a week from the day of the signing of this Agreement;

c) Disarmament and a gradual withdrawal of troops are the most important issues of this set.

Under their examination, the sides have agreed that complete disarmament entails the disarmament of illegal armed formations (i.e. formations not covered by Law “Defense”) and individual citizens illegally possessing arms.

Disarmament is conducted in three stages.

The first stage involves the disarmament of illegal armed formations, subdivisions and other organizations under the command of field commanders.

In the second stage, subject to

1 The delegation of the government of the Russian Federation states that the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria is not recognised by the Legislation of the Russian Federation.

disarmament are citizens belonging to militias defending villages and populated points.

In the third stage, individual persons are disarmed.

The sides have also agreed that:

-- disarmament is conducted under the control of the SNK;

-- the mechanism of disarmament is agreed in every concrete instance with the council of elders of the village, with the participation of the SNK;

-- weapons are handed over the SNK according to the procedure established by law by the decision of the council of elders of populated points and with the agreement of the SNK in populated points, detachments of 15 to 25 persons are formed for their defense until the formation of law-enforcement organs.

Arms given over to them are registered and stored according to established procedure;

-- disarmament in individual cases entails the buyback of weapons;

-- during the period of disarmament, there takes place the withdrawal of military formations from the lines of contact to a distance of 2-4 kilometers in order to secure safety and the impermissibility of unprovoked incidents;

-- simultaneously with disarmament, there takes place a gradual withdrawal of troops.

The sides have agreed also, that on the territory of the Chechen Republic there will be deployed the Internal Troops of the Interior Ministry (MVD) of Russia in number up to one brigade.

Among the tasks of this brigade will be included the provision of aid to law-enforcement organs in support of social order and the securing of the safety of citizens.

From the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation there will be one machine-gun (motostrelkovaya) brigade.

The plan of deployment for the aforementioned brigades in the following is agreed with the organs of state power of the Chechen Republic.

d) The cessation of terrorist acts and sabotage entails a declaration of the military command of the sides on the full condemnation and impermissibility of any terrorist acts and sabotage.

The delegation of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria has condemned any terrorist acts and has obligated itself to provide the Russian side with aid in the search and detention of Shamil Basaev and his group, accused of undertaking a terrorist act in the city of Budyennovsk.

For the period of the decision of the set of military issues until the holding of elections there are created the following structures with the exclusive right of control over the implementation of the Agreement that has been reached:

The plenipotentiary of the Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the Chechen Republic;

A Special Observation Commission, created on an agreed basis with the participation of the OSCE;

The plenipotentiary of the Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the Chechen Republic, and also the SNK, the co-presidents of which are the Commander of the Unified group of Russian troops in the Chechen Republic and the Chief of the Main Staff of the Armed Forces of the Chechen Republic A. Maskhadov, act as the guarantors of the implementation of the present Agreement.

The sides have agreed on the continuation of negotiations on the political and economic sets of issues.

The agreement goes into force from the moment of its signing.

From the government of the Russian Federation:

Mikhailov, V. A.

Volsky, A. N.

Krasnov, M. A.

Kulikov, A. S.

Semenov, I. I.

From the government of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria:

Imaev, U. K.

Zakaev, A. Kh.

Idigov, A. D.

Maskhadov, A. A.

Yarikhanov, Kh.

Signed in the presence of the OSCE Support Group in the Chechen Republic:

S. Mesarosh

O. M. Pelen