Acuerdo I Acuerdo para el respeto a la población civil y la implementación del cese al fuego bilateral, temporal de carácter nacional con impacto territorial entre el Gobierno Nacional de la República de Colombia y el Estado Mayor central de las FARC-EP.

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Country/entity: Colombia
Region: Americas
Agreement name: Acuerdo I Acuerdo para el respeto a la población civil y la implementación del cese al fuego bilateral, temporal de carácter nacional con impacto territorial entre el Gobierno Nacional de la República de Colombia y el Estado Mayor central de las FARC-EP.
Date: 16 Oct 2023
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Colombian Conflict (1964 - )
The Colombian conflict is really a set of conflicts and the peace agreements reflect both different processes relating to different conflict groups and dyads, and processes taking place at different times in a complex peace process history. The Colombian civil war has its roots in the late 1940s and the violent infighting between liberal and the conservative factions. Emerging from the liberal tradition with a thorough grounding in nationalist communist ideology, the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia—People's Army (FARC) began its armed insurrection against the Colombian government in 1964. Other left-wing guerrillas emerged as well, most notably the socialist/populist M-19, which would later be integrated into the formal political system in the peace process of 1990s; the National Liberation Army (ELN), which has strong roots in liberation theology, and the Maoist Ejército Popular de Liberación (EPL) (also part of the 1990 process, less successfully). Several stages of peace processes were undertaken by the various sides, which were further complicated by the emergence of right-wing paramilitary ‘self-defence’ forces. The peace agreement between the Colombian government under President Uribe and the main alliance of the paramilitary groups, the United Self-Defence Forces of Colombia (AUC), concluded in 2005 and is still heavily disputed as several remnants are still active, but now subsumed under the heading ‘Bacrim’ (Bandas criminales). In addition, FARC and ELN maintain a military presence, but both demonstrate a strong interest in completing successful peace negotiations with the government, with the most recent agreements being between FARC and the Government.
Stage: Ceasefire/related
Conflict nature: Government/territory
Peace process: Colombia VII - Petro Peace Dialogues with FARC-EP
Parties: [Government of Colombia]:
Camilo González Posso
Coordinator
Delegation of National Government
in the Peace Dialogues Table

Iván Danilo Rueda
High Commissioner for Peace
National Government

Gloria Quinceno Acevedo
Delegation of National Government
in the Peace Dialogues Table

Fabio Valencia Cossio
Delegation of National Government
in the Peace Dialogues Table

Feliciano Valencia Medina
Delegation of National Government
in the Peace Dialogues Table

Luz Dari Landázury Segura
Delegation of National Government
in the Peace Dialogues Table

[No signature]
Carlos Murgas Guerrero
Delegation of National Government
in the Peace Dialogues Table

[No signature]
Pedro José Arenas García
Delegation of National Government
in the Peace Dialogues Table

Coronel (r) Genny Calvo Olmos
Delegation of National Government
in the Peace Dialogues Table

Yesid Arteta Dávila
Delegation of National Government
in the Peace Dialogues Table

Oscar Gerardo Salazar Muñoz
Delegation of National Government
in the Peace Dialogues Table

Coronel (r) Luis Alfonso Novoa Díaz
Delegation of National Government
in the Peace Dialogues Table

[Central General Staff of the FARC-EP]:

Andrey Avendaño
Head of Delegation of the Central General
Staff of the FARC-EP

Sebastián Martínez
Delegation of the Central
General Staff of the FARC-EP

José Tomás Ojeda
Delegation of the Central
General Staff of the FARC-EP

Leopoldo Durán García
Delegation of the Central
General Staff of the FARC-EP

[No signature]
Alexander Farfán
Delegation of the Central
General Staff of the FARC-EP

Javier 33
Delegation of the Central
General Staff of the FARC-EP

Franco Ramírez
Delegation of the Central
General Staff of the FARC-EP

[No signature]
Angela Izquierdo
Delegation of the Central
General Staff of the FARC-EP

Fernanda Briceño
Delegation of the Central
General Staff of the FARC-EP
Third parties: Signed the guarantors as witnesses and depositaries:

Carlos Eduardo Martínez Mendoza
Ambassador of the
Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela

Louise Wilson
Deputy Head of Mission
Embassy of Ireland

Phillip Lustenberger
Special Envoy
Swiss Confederation

Dag Nagoda
Minister Counsellor
Embassy of the Kingdom of Norway

Accompanying persons:

Raúl Rosende
Delegate of the Special
Representative of the General Secretary
Of the United Nations in Colombia

Roberto Menéndez
Chief Mission
Mission to Support the
Peace Process of the
Organisation of American
States (MAPP-OEA)

Padre. Eliecer Soto Ardila
Representative Episcopal
Conference of Colombia

Humberto Martín Shikiya
Special Envoy of the World
Council of Churches

Signed as witness:
Jörg Schreiber
Business officer a.i.
Delegation of the European Union
Description: In the first of a series of agreements as part of the Peace Dialogue Table (MDP) between the Government of Colombia and the Central General Staff (EMC) of the FARC-EP, the parties agreed to a temporary ceasefire lasting three months.

Agreement document: CO_241016_Acuerdo_I_Respeto_a_la_población_civil_y_la_implementación_del_CFBNT_EN (opens in new tab) | Download PDF
Agreement document (original language): CO_241016_Acuerdo I_Respeto a la población civil y la implementación del CFBNT (opens in new tab)| Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: Groups→Children/youth→Rhetorical
V. Specific Commitments:
The parties commit to:
...
3. Respect and promote the rights of boys, girls, and adolescents within the framework of the IHL
Groups→Children/youth→Substantive
This Agreement has as its frame of reference International Humanitarian Law -IHL-, in particular Article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions of 1949, Additional Protocol II of 1977, Resolution 1325 of 2000 of the United Nations Security Council, which recognises the impact of armed conflicts on women and girls, their protection and participation in peace processes, Resolution 2535 of 2020 of the United Nations Security Council on Youth, Peace and Security, and the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (General Assembly Resolution 61/295 of 13 September 2007), as well as the United Nations Declaration on the rights of peasants and other people working in rural areas (Resolution 73/165 approved by the General Assembly on 17 December 2018).
...
In particular, it will guarantee the participation of the victims of the conflict, the indigenous peoples, the Black communities, the Afro-Colombians, the Raizales, the Palenqueras, the Rrom, the peasant farmers, women, young people and other groups of special protection.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: This Agreement has as its frame of reference International Humanitarian Law -IHL-, in particular Article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions of 1949, Additional Protocol II of 1977, Resolution 1325 of 2000 of the United Nations Security Council, which recognises the impact of armed conflicts on women and girls, their protection and participation in peace processes, Resolution 2535 of 2020 of the United Nations Security Council on Youth, Peace and Security, and the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (General Assembly Resolution 61/295 of 13 September 2007), as well as the United Nations Declaration on the rights of peasants and other people working in rural areas (Resolution 73/165 approved by the General Assembly on 17 December 2018).
...
Groups→Racial/ethnic/national group→Rhetorical
II. Principles:
...
• Approaches based on population, territory, environment, gender, ethnicity, participation and the inclusion of diversity.
Groups→Racial/ethnic/national group→Substantive
In particular, it will guarantee the participation of the victims of the conflict, the indigenous peoples, the Black communities, the Afro-Colombians, the Raizales, the Palenqueras, the Rrom, the peasant farmers, women, young people and other groups of special protection.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: This Agreement has as its frame of reference International Humanitarian Law -IHL-, in particular Article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions of 1949, Additional Protocol II of 1977, Resolution 1325 of 2000 of the United Nations Security Council, which recognises the impact of armed conflicts on women and girls, their protection and participation in peace processes, Resolution 2535 of 2020 of the United Nations Security Council on Youth, Peace and Security, and the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (General Assembly Resolution 61/295 of 13 September 2007), as well as the United Nations Declaration on the rights of peasants and other people working in rural areas (Resolution 73/165 approved by the General Assembly on 17 December 2018).
...
Groups→Indigenous people→Substantive
In particular, it will guarantee the participation of the victims of the conflict, the indigenous peoples, the Black communities, the Afro-Colombians, the Raizales, the Palenqueras, the Rrom, the peasant farmers, women, young people and other groups of special protection.
Other groups: Groups→Other groups→Rhetorical
In particular, it will guarantee the participation of the victims of the conflict, the indigenous peoples, the Black communities, the Afro-Colombians, the Raizales, the Palenqueras, the Rrom, the peasant farmers, women, young people and other groups of special protection.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: In particular, it will guarantee the participation of the victims of the conflict, the indigenous peoples, the Black communities, the Afro-Colombians, the Raizales, the Palenqueras, the Rrom, the peasant farmers, women, young people and other groups of special protection.
Groups→Social class→Substantive
This Agreement has as its frame of reference International Humanitarian Law -IHL-, in particular Article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions of 1949, Additional Protocol II of 1977, Resolution 1325 of 2000 of the United Nations Security Council, which recognises the impact of armed conflicts on women and girls, their protection and participation in peace processes, Resolution 2535 of 2020 of the United Nations Security Council on Youth, Peace and Security, and the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (General Assembly Resolution 61/295 of 13 September 2007), as well as the United Nations Declaration on the rights of peasants and other people working in rural areas (Resolution 73/165 approved by the General Assembly on 17 December 2018).

Gender

Women, girls and gender: This Agreement has as its frame of reference International Humanitarian Law -IHL-, in particular Article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions of 1949, Additional Protocol II of 1977, Resolution 1325 of 2000 of the United Nations Security Council, which recognises the impact of armed conflicts on women and girls, their protection and participation in peace processes, Resolution 2535 of 2020 of the United Nations Security Council on Youth, Peace and Security, and the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (General Assembly Resolution 61/295 of 13 September 2007), as well as the United Nations Declaration on the rights of peasants and other people working in rural areas (Resolution 73/165 approved by the General Assembly on 17 December 2018).
...
In particular, it will guarantee the participation of the victims of the conflict, the indigenous peoples, the Black communities, the Afro-Colombians, the Raizales, the Palenqueras, the Rrom, the peasant farmers, women, young people and other groups of special protection.
...
II. Principles:
...
• Approaches based on population, territory, environment, gender, ethnicity, participation and the inclusion of diversity.
...
V. Specific Commitments:
The parties commit to:
...
3. Respect and promote the rights of boys, girls, and adolescents within the framework of the IHL
Men and boys: Gender→Men and boys→Other
V. Specific Commitments:
The parties commit to:
...
3. Respect and promote the rights of boys, girls, and adolescents within the framework of the IHL
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): The state is the guarantor of the free and full exercise of the rights and freedoms of individuals and communities in the territories, maintaining at all times and places the validity of the Social Rule of Law.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: V. Specific Commitments:
...
6. Not to interfere in electoral processes, nor to restrict the exercise of political rights and freedoms.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: The civil, military and police authorities will continue to exercise their constitutional, legal and regulatory functions and attributions, without any exception, and in coherence with the human security approach, as well as the conventional obligations and duties in the field of International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law, and the obligations enshrined in the present agreement.
This Agreement has as its frame of reference International Humanitarian Law -IHL-, in particular Article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions of 1949, Additional Protocol II of 1977, Resolution 1325 of 2000 of the United Nations Security Council, which recognises the impact of armed conflicts on women and girls, their protection and participation in peace processes, Resolution 2535 of 2020 of the United Nations Security Council on Youth, Peace and Security, and the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (General Assembly Resolution 61/295 of 13 September 2007), as well as the United Nations Declaration on the rights of peasants and other people working in rural areas (Resolution 73/165 approved by the General Assembly on 17 December 2018).
...
II. Principles:
The parties reiterate that, in addition to the ethics of life, the right to comprehensive peace, with effective democracy, social and environmental justice, they are governed by the following principles:
...
• Pluralism, inclusion and non-discrimination in all processes defined by the Peace Dialogues Table.
...
V. Specific Commitments:
The parties commit to:
1. Abide by the rules of International Humanitarian Law (IHL), in particular Protocol II additional to the 1949 Geneva Conventions.
...
3. Respect and promote the rights of boys, girls, and adolescents within the framework of the IHL
...
5. Avoid actions that affect food security and the goods necessary for the health and dignified life of the civilian population.
...
The above is without prejudice to the Colombian State continuing to comply with its legal and constitutional obligations regarding the protection, guarantee and respect of human rights and international humanitarian law within the framework of this Agreement.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: This Agreement has as its frame of reference International Humanitarian Law -IHL-, in particular Article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions of 1949, Additional Protocol II of 1977, Resolution 1325 of 2000 of the United Nations Security Council, which recognises the impact of armed conflicts on women and girls, their protection and participation in peace processes, Resolution 2535 of 2020 of the United Nations Security Council on Youth, Peace and Security, and the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (General Assembly Resolution 61/295 of 13 September 2007), as well as the United Nations Declaration on the rights of peasants and other people working in rural areas (Resolution 73/165 approved by the General Assembly on 17 December 2018).
Civil and political rights: I. Objectives:
1. Respect for life in all its forms, the rights and freedoms of the civilian population, the territory and the environment.
...
The parties reiterate that, in addition to the ethics of life, the right to comprehensive peace, with effective democracy, social and environmental justice, they are governed by the following principles:
The parties commit to:
...
Human rights and equality→Civil and political rights→Other
II. Principles:
...
• Respect for the dignity of all participants in the process.
...
V. Specific Commitments:
...
6. Not to interfere in electoral processes, nor to restrict the exercise of political rights and freedoms.
Socio-economic rights: Human rights and equality→Socio-economic rights→Other
II. Principles:
The parties reiterate that, in addition to the ethics of life, the right to comprehensive peace, with effective democracy, social and environmental justice, they are governed by the following principles:

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: II. Principles:
The parties reiterate that, in addition to the ethics of life, the right to comprehensive peace, with effective democracy, social and environmental justice, they are governed by the following principles:
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: Rights related issues→Media and communication→Other
V. Specific Commitments:
The parties commit to:
...
9. Provide clear, accurate and timely information through the established channels to avoid incidents and guarantee the technical efficiency of the Mechanism.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: Rights related issues→Protection measures→Protection of civilians
V. Specific Commitments:
The parties commit to:
...
4. Not to carry out attacks and acts of aggression that endanger and violate the physical, cultural and territorial integrity of the civilian population in general, or of ethnic groups, rural communities and other specially protected groups.
Rights related issues→Protection measures→Protection of groups
V. Specific Commitments:
The parties commit to:
...
4. Not to carry out attacks and acts of aggression that endanger and violate the physical, cultural and territorial integrity of the civilian population in general, or of ethnic groups, rural communities and other specially protected groups.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: No specific mention.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: I. Objectives:
1. Respect for life in all its forms, the rights and freedoms of the civilian population, the territory and the environment.
...
II. Principles:
The parties reiterate that, in addition to the ethics of life, the right to comprehensive peace, with effective democracy, social and environmental justice, they are governed by the following principles:
...
• Approaches based on population, territory, environment, gender, ethnicity, participation and the inclusion of diversity.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: V. Specific Commitments:
The parties commit to:
...
2. Do not generate forced displacement or confinement of the civilian population.
...
8. Not to put at risk the security and physical integrity of the parties signing this Ceasefire Agreement.
Ceasefire: Security sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provision
The parties understand by Ceasefire the suspension of offensive military operations, special operations by the National Police and the offensive actions of the Central General Staff of the FARC-EP, with the aim of respecting the lives of the inhabitants of the national territory, reducing violence, alleviating humanitarian crises, fostering a more favourable environment for negotiations and charting a path towards a definitive ceasefire.
The Ceasefire will include an Oversight, Monitoring and Verification Mechanism (MVMV) and corresponding protocols.
...
IV. General commitments.
1. In the act of installing the Peace Dialogues Table, the parties agree to a Bilateral, Temporary Ceasefire of a National Character with Territorial Impact (CFBTNT) The ceasefire will come into effect from the promulgation of the presidential decree and will last for three (3) months from the date of signature of the decree.
Extendable after evaluation by the parties.
2. Once this Agreement has been formalised by the representatives of the National Government and the representatives of the Central General Staff of the FARC-EP, the order to comply with the Ceasefire will be reiterated to the Public Force and the Central General Staff of the FARC-EP in the national territory.
Likewise, they will be guided through pedagogical approaches and activities for the study and understanding of the protocols and agreements that must be observed in the development of this Ceasefire Agreement.
3. The Oversight, Monitoring and Verification Mechanism (MVMV) will come into effect eight (8) calendar days after the promulgation of the Ceasefire decree. (
MVMV) will come into effect eight (8) calendar days after the promulgation of the Ceasefire decree.
...
the Mechanism)
The National Government and the Central General Staff of the FARC-EP agree to establish a technical mechanism, with national, regional and local bodies, taking into account the specific characteristics of the territories, which will be responsible for verifying compliance with the Ceasefire Agreement in the defined geographical areas agreed between the parties through the protocol on the areas of presence of the members of the FARC-EP Central General Staff;
to promote the unified action of the State and the MVMV during the construction of Peace.
It is the responsibility of the National Government to issue the relevant administrative acts.
The Mechanism will include the participation of delegates from the National Government, which will be represented by the Ministry of National Defence-MDN (MDN personnel, Military Forces and National Police) and the Office of the High Commissioner for Peace.
It will also include delegates from the Central General Staff of the FARC-EP, the Catholic Church and the World Council of Churches.
It will have an international component made up of the Mission of Verification of the United Nations (UN) in Colombia and the Mission to Support the Peace Process of the Organisation of American States (MAPP-OEA).
The Peace Dialogues Table will define the participation of delegates from civil society and the articulation with the social oversight processes.
The National Government will recognise the representative members appointed by the Central General Staff of the FARC-EP to form part of the Oversight, Monitoring and Verification Mechanism (MVMV), who will have the necessary guarantees to fulfil their mission and it must create the necessary legal conditions for them to carry out their work.
Security sector→Ceasefire→General commitments
AGREEMENT FOR THE RESPECT OF THE CIVILIAN POPULATION AND THE IMPLEMENTATION OF A BILATERAL AND TEMPORARY CEASEFIRE OF NATIONAL CHARACTER WITH TERRITORIAL IMPACT BETWEEN THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF COLOMBIA AND THE CENTRAL GENERAL STAFF OF THE FARC-EP
The National Government of the Republic of Colombia and the Central General Staff of the FARC-EP and all its components reiterate their firm conviction to move forward towards the construction of a Peace Agreement that puts an end to the armed confrontation and promotes the achievement of a comprehensive, stable and lasting Peace, with social and environmental justice.
To this end, they agree to the Bilateral and Temporary Ceasefire of National character with Territorial Impact CFBTNT.
...
I. Objectives:
...
3. Ceasefire and offensive military operations, special operations by the National Police and offensive actions by the Central General Staff of the FARC-EP.
...
V. Specific Commitments:
The parties commit to:
...
4. Not to carry out attacks and acts of aggression that endanger and violate the physical, cultural and territorial integrity of the civilian population in general, or of ethnic groups, rural communities and other specially protected groups.
...
7. Not to carry out offensive military operations, special police operations or offensive actions between the parties that have signed the Ceasefire Agreement.
...
11. Not using the Ceasefire to obtain military advantages.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: No specific mention.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: In particular, it will guarantee the participation of the victims of the conflict, the indigenous peoples, the Black communities, the Afro-Colombians, the Raizales, the Palenqueras, the Rrom, the peasant farmers, women, young people and other groups of special protection.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: Accompanying persons:
Raúl Rosende
Delegate of the Special
Representative of the General Secretary
Of the United Nations in Colombia
Other international signatory: Signed the guarantors as witnesses and depositaries:
Carlos Eduardo Martínez Mendoza
Ambassador of the
Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
Louise Wilson
Deputy Head of Mission
Embassy of Ireland
Phillip Lustenberger
Special Envoy
Swiss Confederation
Dag Nagoda
Minister Counsellor
Embassy of the Kingdom of Norway
Accompanying persons:
...
Roberto Menéndez
Chief Mission
Mission to Support the
Peace Process of the
Organisation of American
States (MAPP-OEA)
...
Humberto Martín Shikiya
Special Envoy of the World
Council of Churches
Signed as witness:
Jörg Schreiber
Business officer a.i.
Delegation of the European Union
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: No specific mention.

PEACE DIALOGUES TABLE BETWEEN THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF COLOMBIA AND THE CENTRAL GENERAL STAFF OF THE FARC-EP

AGREEMENT I

AGREEMENT FOR THE RESPECT OF THE CIVILIAN POPULATION AND THE IMPLEMENTATION OF A BILATERAL AND TEMPORARY CEASEFIRE OF NATIONAL CHARACTER WITH TERRITORIAL IMPACT BETWEEN THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF COLOMBIA AND THE CENTRAL GENERAL STAFF OF THE FARC-EP

The National Government of the Republic of Colombia and the Central General Staff of the FARC-EP and all its components reiterate their firm conviction to move forward towards the construction of a Peace Agreement that puts an end to the armed confrontation and promotes the achievement of a comprehensive, stable and lasting Peace, with social and environmental justice.

To this end, they agree to the Bilateral and Temporary Ceasefire of National character with Territorial Impact CFBTNT.

The parties understand by Ceasefire the suspension of offensive military operations, special operations by the National Police and the offensive actions of the Central General Staff of the FARC-EP, with the aim of respecting the lives of the inhabitants of the national territory, reducing violence, alleviating humanitarian crises, fostering a more favourable environment for negotiations and charting a path towards a definitive ceasefire.

The Ceasefire will include an Oversight, Monitoring and Verification Mechanism (MVMV) and corresponding protocols.

General Considerations.

The state is the guarantor of the free and full exercise of the rights and freedoms of individuals and communities in the territories, maintaining at all times and places the validity of the Social Rule of Law.

The civil, military and police authorities will continue to exercise their constitutional, legal and regulatory functions and attributions, without any exception, and in coherence with the human security approach, as well as the conventional obligations and duties in the field of International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law, and the obligations enshrined in the present agreement.

This Agreement has as its frame of reference International Humanitarian Law -IHL-, in particular Article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions of 1949, Additional Protocol II of 1977, Resolution 1325 of 2000 of the United Nations Security Council, which recognises the impact of armed conflicts on women and girls, their protection and participation in peace processes, Resolution 2535 of 2020 of the United Nations Security Council on Youth, Peace and Security, and the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (General Assembly Resolution 61/295 of 13 September 2007), as well as the United Nations Declaration on the rights of peasants and other people working in rural areas (Resolution 73/165 approved by the General Assembly on 17 December 2018).

It also has as its frame of reference the stipulations of article 2 of the 1991 Political Constitution, in terms of the participation of the citizenry.

In particular, it will guarantee the participation of the victims of the conflict, the indigenous peoples, the Black communities, the Afro-Colombians, the Raizales, the Palenqueras, the Rrom, the peasant farmers, women, young people and other groups of special protection.

This Agreement shall be binding on the parties, and any disregard of the agreements set forth herein shall be verified by the Mechanism.

I. Objectives:

1. Respect for life in all its forms, the rights and freedoms of the civilian population, the territory and the environment.

2. Promote education and the participation of the population, their communities and the organisations.

3. Ceasefire and offensive military operations, special operations by the National Police and offensive actions by the Central General Staff of the FARC-EP.

4. Facilitate the operating conditions of the Peace Dialogues Table

5. Create the conditions for the fulfilment of territorial, national and immediately applicable agreements.

II. Principles:

The parties reiterate that, in addition to the ethics of life, the right to comprehensive peace, with effective democracy, social and environmental justice, they are governed by the following principles:

• Respect for the dignity of all participants in the process.

• Bilateralism in the construction and fulfilment of the Agreement.

• Acting in good faith in the fulfilment of what has been agreed.

• Pluralism, inclusion and non-discrimination in all processes defined by the Peace Dialogues Table.

• Approaches based on population, territory, environment, gender, ethnicity, participation and the inclusion of diversity.

III. The present document will be governed by the following agreements and protocols:

• Agreement on the International Component and Accompaniment to the Peace Dialogue Table between the National Government and the Central General Staff of the FARC-EP.

• Protocol of Rules and Commitments of the Bilateral, Temporary Ceasefire of a National character with Territorial Impact (CFBTNT).

• Protocol on the Areas of Presence of the Members of the Central General Staff of the FARC-EP;

to promote territorial transformations and the tasks of the MVMV during the construction of Peace.

• Protocol for the Functioning of the Peace Dialogues Table.

• Protocol for the Security and Protection of the members of MVMV.

• Protocol for Transfers of Representatives of the Central General Staff of the FARC - EP, during the stages agreed by the parties.

• Security Protocol for the Central General Staff of the FARC-EP and places where it is present

• Protocol for the Participation and Social Oversight of the Population, their Communities and Organisations.

• Communications protocol.

• Protocol for the Evaluation, Extension or Suspension of the Bilateral and Temporary Ceasefire of National character and Territorial Impact (CFBTNT).

• Pedagogic Protocol of the present Agreement and its protocols.

• Other protocols and agreements of immediate application that are deemed necessary.

*Glossary of the Bilateral and Temporal Ceasefire of a National character with Territorial impact (CFBTNT).

IV. General commitments.

1. In the act of installing the Peace Dialogues Table, the parties agree to a Bilateral, Temporary Ceasefire of a National Character with Territorial Impact (CFBTNT) The ceasefire will come into effect from the promulgation of the presidential decree and will last for three (3) months from the date of signature of the decree.

Extendable after evaluation by the parties.

2. Once this Agreement has been formalised by the representatives of the National Government and the representatives of the Central General Staff of the FARC-EP, the order to comply with the Ceasefire will be reiterated to the Public Force and the Central General Staff of the FARC-EP in the national territory.

Likewise, they will be guided through pedagogical approaches and activities for the study and understanding of the protocols and agreements that must be observed in the development of this Ceasefire Agreement.

3. The Oversight, Monitoring and Verification Mechanism (MVMV) will come into effect eight (8) calendar days after the promulgation of the Ceasefire decree. (

MVMV) will come into effect eight (8) calendar days after the promulgation of the Ceasefire decree.

V. Specific Commitments:

The parties commit to:

1. Abide by the rules of International Humanitarian Law (IHL), in particular Protocol II additional to the 1949 Geneva Conventions.

2. Do not generate forced displacement or confinement of the civilian population.

3. Respect and promote the rights of boys, girls, and adolescents within the framework of the IHL

4. Not to carry out attacks and acts of aggression that endanger and violate the physical, cultural and territorial integrity of the civilian population in general, or of ethnic groups, rural communities and other specially protected groups.

5. Avoid actions that affect food security and the goods necessary for the health and dignified life of the civilian population.

6. Not to interfere in electoral processes, nor to restrict the exercise of political rights and freedoms.

7. Not to carry out offensive military operations, special police operations or offensive actions between the parties that have signed the Ceasefire Agreement.

8. Not to put at risk the security and physical integrity of the parties signing this Ceasefire Agreement.

9. Provide clear, accurate and timely information through the established channels to avoid incidents and guarantee the technical efficiency of the Mechanism.

10. Use respectful, non-stigmatising language and avoid encouraging stigmatisation or labelling.

11. Not using the Ceasefire to obtain military advantages.

The above is without prejudice to the Colombian State continuing to comply with its legal and constitutional obligations regarding the protection, guarantee and respect of human rights and international humanitarian law within the framework of this Agreement.

VI. Oversight, Monitoring and Verification Mechanism-MVMV (hereinafter:

the Mechanism)

The National Government and the Central General Staff of the FARC-EP agree to establish a technical mechanism, with national, regional and local bodies, taking into account the specific characteristics of the territories, which will be responsible for verifying compliance with the Ceasefire Agreement in the defined geographical areas agreed between the parties through the protocol on the areas of presence of the members of the FARC-EP Central General Staff;

to promote the unified action of the State and the MVMV during the construction of Peace.

It is the responsibility of the National Government to issue the relevant administrative acts.

The Mechanism will include the participation of delegates from the National Government, which will be represented by the Ministry of National Defence-MDN (MDN personnel, Military Forces and National Police) and the Office of the High Commissioner for Peace.

It will also include delegates from the Central General Staff of the FARC-EP, the Catholic Church and the World Council of Churches.

It will have an international component made up of the Mission of Verification of the United Nations (UN) in Colombia and the Mission to Support the Peace Process of the Organisation of American States (MAPP-OEA).

The Peace Dialogues Table will define the participation of delegates from civil society and the articulation with the social oversight processes.

The National Government will recognise the representative members appointed by the Central General Staff of the FARC-EP to form part of the Oversight, Monitoring and Verification Mechanism (MVMV), who will have the necessary guarantees to fulfil their mission and it must create the necessary legal conditions for them to carry out their work.

VII. International component.

The United Nations Security Council will be requested that the Mission of Verification of the UN in Colombia verify the ceasefire agreed with the FARC-EP General Staff.

The Special Representative of the General Secretary of the United Nations in Colombia and the Mission to Support the Peace Process in Colombia of the Organisation of American States (MAPP-OEA).

The National Government will request the participation as guarantor countries in the Dialogues Roundtable of those agreed or arranged between the parties and in accordance with the Agreement that defines their functions.

Signed in Tibú, Norte de Santander, on 16 October 2023.

Signed by the parties:

Camilo González Posso

Coordinator

Delegation of National Government

in the Peace Dialogues Table

Andrey Avendaño

Head of Delegation of the Central General

Staff of the FARC-EP

Iván Danilo Rueda

High Commissioner for Peace

National Government

Sebastián Martínez

Delegation of the Central

General Staff of the FARC-EP

Gloria Quinceno Acevedo

Delegation of National Government

in the Peace Dialogues Table

José Tomás Ojeda

Delegation of the Central

General Staff of the FARC-EP

Fabio Valencia Cossio

Delegation of National Government

in the Peace Dialogues Table

Leopoldo Durán García

Delegation of the Central

General Staff of the FARC-EP

Feliciano Valencia Medina

Delegation of National Government

in the Peace Dialogues Table

[No signature]

Alexander Farfán

Delegation of the Central

General Staff of the FARC-EP

Luz Dari Landázury Segura

Delegation of National Government

in the Peace Dialogues Table

Javier 33

Delegation of the Central

General Staff of the FARC-EP

[No signature]

Carlos Murgas Guerrero

Delegation of National Government

in the Peace Dialogues Table

Franco Ramírez

Delegation of the Central

General Staff of the FARC-EP

[No signature]

Pedro José Arenas García

Delegation of National Government

in the Peace Dialogues Table

[No signature]

Angela Izquierdo

Delegation of the Central

General Staff of the FARC-EP

Coronel (r) Genny Calvo Olmos

Delegation of National Government

in the Peace Dialogues Table

Fernanda Briceño

Delegation of the Central

General Staff of the FARC-EP

Yesid Arteta Dávila

Delegation of National Government

in the Peace Dialogues Table

Oscar Gerardo Salazar Muñoz

Delegation of National Government

in the Peace Dialogues Table

Coronel (r) Luis Alfonso Novoa Díaz

Delegation of National Government

in the Peace Dialogues Table

Signed the guarantors as witnesses and depositaries:

Carlos Eduardo Martínez Mendoza

Ambassador of the

Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela

Louise Wilson

Deputy Head of Mission

Embassy of Ireland

Phillip Lustenberger

Special Envoy

Swiss Confederation

Dag Nagoda

Minister Counsellor

Embassy of the Kingdom of Norway

Accompanying persons:

Raúl Rosende

Delegate of the Special

Representative of the General Secretary

Of the United Nations in Colombia

Roberto Menéndez

Chief Mission

Mission to Support the

Peace Process of the

Organisation of American

States (MAPP-OEA)

Padre.

Eliecer Soto Ardila

Representative Episcopal

Conference of Colombia

Humberto Martín Shikiya

Special Envoy of the World

Council of Churches

Signed as witness:

Jörg Schreiber

Business officer a.i.

Delegation of the European Union

​Acuerdo I Acuerdo para el respeto a la población civil y la implementación del cese al fuego bilateral, temporal de carácter nacional con impacto territorial entre el Gobierno Nacional de la República de Colombia y el Estado Mayor central de las FARC-EP.

Groups

Gender

State definition

Governance

Power sharing

Human rights and equality

Rights related issues

Rights institutions

Justice sector reform

Socio-economic reconstruction

Land, property and environment

Security sector

Transitional justice

Implementation

Source agreement

Acuerdo I Acuerdo para el respeto a la población civil y la implementación del cese al fuego bilateral, temporal de carácter nacional con impacto territorial entre el Gobierno Nacional de la República de Colombia y el Estado Mayor central de las FARC-EP.