Resolutions Agreed Between Pakam and Rup Communities of Rumbek North County, Rumbek Central County Specifically Malek and Mayom Payams Witnessed by Kuei and Rup of Amongpiny Payam During Peace Dialogue and Reconciliation Held on 25th to 28th of Nov 2020 in Deng-Nhial, Rumbek Central County

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Country/entity: South Sudan
Region: Africa (excl MENA)
Agreement name: Resolutions Agreed Between Pakam and Rup Communities of Rumbek North County, Rumbek Central County Specifically Malek and Mayom Payams Witnessed by Kuei and Rup of Amongpiny Payam During Peace Dialogue and Reconciliation Held on 25th to 28th of Nov 2020 in Deng-Nhial, Rumbek Central County
Date: 28 Nov 2020
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/local conflict
Sudan Conflicts (1955 - )
Agreements relate to several distinct dyads, and also the negotiated independence of South Sudan, and subsequent internal conflict in South Sudan. Sudan-South Sudan. The long-standing conflict between the north and the south of the country dates back to colonial times, where the British introduced a so-called ‘Southern Policy’, severely hampering population movements between these big regions. Immediately after gaining independence in 1956, southern movements started to fight for independence; this fight became professionalised in 1983 with the foundation of the soon internationally supported Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA). When the Islamic Front government introduced strict sharia laws in the south after it took over power in 1988 the war intensified. A decade later, the military situation reached a stalemate, enabling internationally facilitated peace negotiations to begin in 1997. After more fighting, a final negotiation push began in 2002, leading to the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Areement (CPA) in January 2005.

Sudan-South Sudan post referendum. South Sudan became independent in July 2011; since then, relations between the two countries are complicated and violent conflict led by the SPLM (North) in the Sudanese Nuba mountains region has since intensified.

Darfur. Other long-standing violent conflicts are in the east and the west of the country. In the east, the Beja Congress, established in 1957, is the spearhead of a currently ‘peaceful’ opposition movement. In the west, the violent conflict in Darfur intensified in the early 2000s and rapidly gained international attention, even resulting in genocide charges against leading figures of the Sudanese government. The situation on the ground is complex, with over a dozen organisations (most notably the Sudanese Liberation Movement and the Justice and Equality Movement) fighting the Sudanese government and allied groups like the Janjaweed – although all parties have switched sides on numerous occasions. Several mediation attempts have not been successful, due to the shaky commitment of the Sudanese central government and the distrust among the armed opposition.

South Sudan - internal
In December 2013, after president Salva Kiir accused opposition leader Riek Machar of attempting a coup, violent conflict broke out between government forces of the SPLM/A and anti-governmental groups. In addition, several other political militias as well as communal militias have joined the conflict. In 2015 the Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in South Sudan (ARCSS) was signed. Due to unsuccessful implementation the agreement was revitalized in 2018. In September 2019, Kiir and Machar agreed to establish a power-sharing government after struggles on forming a unity transitional government.
Stage: Framework/substantive - comprehensive
Conflict nature: Inter-group
Peace process: South Sudan: Post-secession Local agreements
Parties: Rup Gelweng Youth:
Beek Majok Malok;
Madok Yii Mallet;
Magok Peithok Buoch;
Deng Mangar Majak;
Chitak Thonchuoch Kok;
Manlong Magol Madiu;
Majur Anyijong Nyiir;
Buong Atuon Akol;
Mathou Kuluel Geng;

Pakam Gelweng Youth:
Riak Dot Wol;
Adoor Machar Awechkoch;
Chol Dechol Chier;
Wuou Chol Malueth;
Mathlet Puot Deng;
Matur Marial Awet;
Riak Reech Mathei;
Mateng Geng;
Matuon Chut Maruel;

Rup Chiefs:
Machar Magot Kok;
Luony Mungu Machiek;
Mariech Chawuop Alel;
Panyon Dut Kok;
Madol Mading Maguar;
Guong Akoldit Ruoch;
Guong Majok Dut;

Pakam Chiefs:
Dut Mangar Aduol;
Makim Dut Dhuol;
Maliir Maker Mathlang;
Malony Machut Ghor;
Maliet Gumnok Ater;
Chol Luai Chuatgau;
Third parties: Lead Mediators:
Adongthiar Padhil Maker - Chairperson for Kuei and Rup Intellectual Global Forum;
David Arop Dhukchien - Chairperson of Sub-committee for Rup and Pakam;
moral Guarrantors:
Oxfam Representative - Majier Majok Adut;
DARD Representative - Manguak Majuong Nguangny;

Witnesses:
Hon. Mariik Nanga Mariik;
Hon. Mangar Matoch Machar;

External Observers:
Prof. Michael Maker Mangony;
Hon. John Madol Pantheer;
Andrew Guol Riak;

State Steering Peace Committee:
Hon. Sued Makoi Mangok;

Government Representatives:
Hon. Benjamin Makuer Mabor - Chairperson Peaceful Disarmament Committee for Rumbek Central, Rumbek North and Wulu Counties;
Madit Malual Ater - Executive Director for Rumbek Central County;
Zacharia Nanga Mariik - Executive Director for Rumbek North County
Description: The Pakam and Rup communities met to establish a peace plan between their communities, dealing with issues including cattle theft, revenge killings, justice mechanisms and seeking to create a lasting and sustainable peace by creating a monitoring committee and calling for improved infrastructure and opportunities.

Agreement document: SS_201128_Resolutions Agreed Between Pakam and Rup Communities of Rumbek North County... (opens in new tab) | Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: Groups→Children/youth→Rhetorical
on this day 28th of November 2020;
...
12. Both parties call on government and humanitarian actors to consider anchoring women and youth empowerment programme to alleviate poverty among women and youth.
Groups→Children/youth→Other
on this day 28th of November 2020;
...
Anybody who might attempt such criminal activities will be apprehended by gelweng youth leaders, chiefs with support from gelweng in the cattle camps and the culprit must be taken to the court of law for further case settlement.
...
Failure to observe, the gelweng youth leadership together with the government must take drastic measures against that person.
...
And any Gelweng youth found drunk will be apprehended by Gelweng leadership and subject him to all necessary measures including 3 months imprisonment with the support from the government.
Recommendations to the State Government
1. Government to immediately give delegation of powers to gelweng youth leaders to deal with criminal issues related to stealing/looting of cows, and properties, brewing of alcohol and exchange or cows' deal.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: PREAMBLE
We the Gelweng Youth, Chiefs, Elders, Youth and Women of Pakam and Rup communities of Rumbek North, Rumbek Central counties;
...
on this day 28th of November 2020;
...
12. Both parties call on government and humanitarian actors to consider anchoring women and youth empowerment programme to alleviate poverty among women and youth.
...
18. All parties to the agreement agreed to ban brewing of local alcohol in their respective villages.
Any woman found breaking this order must face the wrath of law.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: on this day 28th of November 2020;
...
Anybody who might attempt such criminal activities will be apprehended by gelweng youth leaders, chiefs with support from gelweng in the cattle camps and the culprit must be taken to the court of law for further case settlement.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: Rights related issues→Media and communication→Other
on this day 28th of November 2020;
...
17. All forms of segregation songs and hate speeches must stop with immediate effect from today henceforth.
Mobility/access: on this day 28th of November 2020;
...
6. We the people of Rup and Pakam have resolved to ensure free movement of persons along Maper – Malek - Rumbek Highway through the collective efforts of the communities with help from Gelweng leadership and law enforcement agencies.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: Recommendations to the State Government
...
4. Chiefs and gelweng leaders recommend the formation of special court to handle all cases related to this conflict.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: on this day 28th of November 2020;
...
3. All prestigious bulls raided during conflict shall not be recovered through violence, however, whoever raided bulls and quality cows is encouraged to voluntarily return any to the owner ceremoniously or through marriages.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: Socio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Socio-economic development
on this day 28th of November 2020;
...
11. Considering the deplorable condition of basic services in Rup and Pakam counties, both parties call on the government and humanitarian actors to provide social services including provision of water, Roads and Communication infrastructure, Schools, Health services, food security and shelter.
Socio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Humanitarian assistance
on this day 28th of November 2020;
...
11. Considering the deplorable condition of basic services in Rup and Pakam counties, both parties call on the government and humanitarian actors to provide social services including provision of water, Roads and Communication infrastructure, Schools, Health services, food security and shelter.
Socio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Infrastructure and reconstruction
on this day 28th of November 2020;
...
11. Considering the deplorable condition of basic services in Rup and Pakam counties, both parties call on the government and humanitarian actors to provide social services including provision of water, Roads and Communication infrastructure, Schools, Health services, food security and shelter.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: on this day 28th of November 2020;
...
11. Considering the deplorable condition of basic services in Rup and Pakam counties, both parties call on the government and humanitarian actors to provide social services including provision of water, Roads and Communication infrastructure, Schools, Health services, food security and shelter.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: Land, property and environment→Land reform/rights→Property return and restitution
on this day 28th of November 2020;
...
Governor Makur Kulang must be recovered and return to rightful owners through court settlement or voluntary bases.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: on this day 28th of November 2020;
...
16. Anybody moving with the cow from one place to another within the territory of lakes state must have a document containing the number of cows with their colours to show ownership of those cows.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: Security sector→Ceasefire→General commitments
on this day 28th of November 2020;
...
7. Both parties to the agreement hereby also agreed to cessation of hostilities forthwith and to sustain the peace, both parties have also agreed to genuinely forgive and reconcile their differences.
Therefore, there shall be no more revenge killings.
Police: on this day 28th of November 2020;
...
6. We the people of Rup and Pakam have resolved to ensure free movement of persons along Maper – Malek - Rumbek Highway through the collective efforts of the communities with help from Gelweng leadership and law enforcement agencies.
...
However, the community shall assist the law enforcement agency to identify and arrest alleged criminals.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: Security sector→DDR→DDR programmes
Recommendations to the State Government
...
2. Government to carry out blanket disarmament a cross Lakes State for durable peace among the communities.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: No specific mention.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: on this day 28th of November 2020;
...
2. Both parties have agreed to end cattle raiding and theft between/among themselves.
Any stolen or raided cattle during the period of this peace and the appointment of Hon.
Governor Makur Kulang must be recovered and return to rightful owners through court settlement or voluntary bases.
3. All prestigious bulls raided during conflict shall not be recovered through violence, however, whoever raided bulls and quality cows is encouraged to voluntarily return any to the owner ceremoniously or through marriages.
...
9. Crimes committed by Individual shall bear individual responsibilities before the law and not community responsibilities any longer.
However, the community shall assist the law enforcement agency to identify and arrest alleged criminals.
...
15. Revenge/cool blood killing, raping, road ambushes, looting of passengers among others must stop with immediate effect.
Anybody who might attempt such criminal activities will be apprehended by gelweng youth leaders, chiefs with support from gelweng in the cattle camps and the culprit must be taken to the court of law for further case settlement.
...
18. All parties to the agreement agreed to ban brewing of local alcohol in their respective villages.
Any woman found breaking this order must face the wrath of law.
And any Gelweng youth found drunk will be apprehended by Gelweng leadership and subject him to all necessary measures including 3 months imprisonment with the support from the government.
Recommendations to the State Government
1. Government to immediately give delegation of powers to gelweng youth leaders to deal with criminal issues related to stealing/looting of cows, and properties, brewing of alcohol and exchange or cows' deal.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: Recommendations to the State Government
...
MORAL GUARRANTORS
1. OXFAM REPRESENTATIVE -Majler Majok Adut
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism: on this day 28th of November 2020;
...
8. Both parties agreed to constitute 101 member Rup-Pakam-Kuei Joint Peace Monitoring Committee (PMC) charged with the responsibilities to amalgamate cattle camps, monitor the implementation and dissemination of resolutions, serve as early warning and response committee and address issues and complaints arising/emerging.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: No specific mention.

RESOLUTIONS AGREED BETWEEN PAKAM AND RUP COMMUNITIES OF RUMBEK NORTH COUNTY, RUMBEK CENTRAL COUNTY SPECIFICALLY MALEK AND MAYOM PAYAMS WITNESSED BY KUEI AND RUP OF AMONGPINY PAYAM DURING PEACE DIALOGUE AND RECONCILIATION HELD ON 26TH TO 28TH OF NOV 2020 IN DENG-NHIAL, RUMBEK CENTRAL COUNTY.

PREAMBLE

We the Gelweng Youth, Chiefs, Elders, Youth and Women of Pakam and Rup communities of Rumbek North, Rumbek Central counties;

including all the six sections of Pakam and eight sections of Rup who have suffered in conflict during the last eight years;

We are aware of the destruction this conflict has inflicted on every aspect of our physical, social and economic aspect of our society and its mutual co-existence;

We regret the failure to avert the losses caused by this crisis in a timely manner;

Appreciate the dedicated supports provided by the peace partners namely, OXFAM and Disable Agency for Rehabilitation and Development (DARD) which made this reconciliation a possibility;

Appreciate the tireless efforts exerted by Kuei and Rup Intellectual Global Forum (KURIGF), Rup and Pakam Sub-committee and Lakes State Government;

Further appreciate the sections of Kuei, Pakam of Malueth and Rup of Amongpiny for taking up neutral mediating role which helped us reached this reconciliation;

We affirm our commitment to maintain this peace and assure continued engagement until lasting and sustainable peace with all the neighbouring communities is achieved;

We do hereby resolve today in Deng-nhial of Rumbek Central County;

on this day 28th of November 2020;

1. Both Rup and Pakam communities agreed to maintain and sustain peace at all cost across Rumbek North County, Malek, Mayom and Amongpiny Payams as well as neighbouring communities.

2. Both parties have agreed to end cattle raiding and theft between/among themselves.

Any stolen or raided cattle during the period of this peace and the appointment of Hon.

Governor Makur Kulang must be recovered and return to rightful owners through court settlement or voluntary bases.

3. All prestigious bulls raided during conflict shall not be recovered through violence, however, whoever raided bulls and quality cows is encouraged to voluntarily return any to the owner ceremoniously or through marriages.

4. Both parties also agreed to avert any kind of death resulting from revenge or any kind of violence.

5. Rup of Malek, Mayom (Rumbek Central) and Pakam of Alor, Madol, Wurleng and Meen Payams of Rumbek North agreed to amalgamate their cattle camps for trust and confidence building amongst themselves.

However, those who are possessing raided prestigious bulls are urged to leave behind those bulls.

6. We the people of Rup and Pakam have resolved to ensure free movement of persons along Maper – Malek - Rumbek Highway through the collective efforts of the communities with help from Gelweng leadership and law enforcement agencies.

7. Both parties to the agreement hereby also agreed to cessation of hostilities forthwith and to sustain the peace, both parties have also agreed to genuinely forgive and reconcile their differences.

Therefore, there shall be no more revenge killings.

8. Both parties agreed to constitute 101 member Rup-Pakam-Kuei Joint Peace Monitoring Committee (PMC) charged with the responsibilities to amalgamate cattle camps, monitor the implementation and dissemination of resolutions, serve as early warning and response committee and address issues and complaints arising/emerging.

9. Crimes committed by Individual shall bear individual responsibilities before the law and not community responsibilities any longer.

However, the community shall assist the law enforcement agency to identify and arrest alleged criminals.

10. Both have also agreed to implement confidence building initiatives including but not limited to exchange visits, sport for peace, cultural festivals etc to foster social cohesion.

11. Considering the deplorable condition of basic services in Rup and Pakam counties, both parties call on the government and humanitarian actors to provide social services including provision of water, Roads and Communication infrastructure, Schools, Health services, food security and shelter.

12. Both parties call on government and humanitarian actors to consider anchoring women and youth empowerment programme to alleviate poverty among women and youth.

13. We also do agree that these resolutions shall be presented to the Governor of Lakes State for endorsement and adherence to its implementation.

14. All parties agreed to handover guns to the government before the amalgamation of cattle camps.

15. Revenge/cool blood killing, raping, road ambushes, looting of passengers among others must stop with immediate effect.

Anybody who might attempt such criminal activities will be apprehended by gelweng youth leaders, chiefs with support from gelweng in the cattle camps and the culprit must be taken to the court of law for further case settlement.

16. Anybody moving with the cow from one place to another within the territory of lakes state must have a document containing the number of cows with their colours to show ownership of those cows.

17. All forms of segregation songs and hate speeches must stop with immediate effect from today henceforth.

Failure to observe, the gelweng youth leadership together with the government must take drastic measures against that person.

18. All parties to the agreement agreed to ban brewing of local alcohol in their respective villages.

Any woman found breaking this order must face the wrath of law.

And any Gelweng youth found drunk will be apprehended by Gelweng leadership and subject him to all necessary measures including 3 months imprisonment with the support from the government.

Recommendations to the State Government

1. Government to immediately give delegation of powers to gelweng youth leaders to deal with criminal issues related to stealing/looting of cows, and properties, brewing of alcohol and exchange or cows' deal.

2. Government to carry out blanket disarmament a cross Lakes State for durable peace among the communities.

3. Government to adopt these resolutions as a legal framework for the implementation and sustainability of the current peace.

4. Chiefs and gelweng leaders recommend the formation of special court to handle all cases related to this conflict.

SIGNATORIES OF THE AGREEMENT ON BEHALF OF PARTIES

RUP GELWENG YOUTH

1. Beek Majok Malok

2. Madok Yil Mallet

3. Magok Peithok Buoch

4. Deng Mangar Majak

5. Chitak Thonchuoch Kok

6. Maniong Magol Madiu

7. Makur Anyljong Nylir

8. Buong Atuon Akol

9. Mathou Kuluei Geng

PAKAM GELWENG YOUTH

1. Riak Dot Wol

2. Adoor Machar Awechkoch

3. Chol Dechol Chier

4. Wuou Chol Malueth

5. Mathlet Puot Deng

6. Matur Marial Awet

7. Riak Reech Mathei

8. Mateng Geng

9. Matuon Chut Maruel

RUP CHIEFS

1. Machar Magot Kok

2. Luony Mungu Machiek

3. Marlech Chawuop Alel

4. Panyon Dut Kok

5. Madol Mading Maguar

6. Guong Akolgit Ruoch

7. Guong Majok Dut

PAKAM CHIEFS

1. Dut Mangar Aduol

2. Makim Dut Dhuol

3. Mallr Maker Mathlang

4. Malony Machut Ghor

5. Mallet Gumnok Ater

6. Chol Lual Chuatgau

LEAD MEDIATORS

1. Adongthlar Padhil Maker - Chairperson for Kuei and Rup Intellectual Global Forum

2. David Arop Dhukchien - Chairperson of Sub-committee for Rup and Pakam

MORAL GUARRANTORS

1. OXFAM REPRESENTATIVE -Majler Majok Adut

2. DARD REPRESENTATIVE – Manguak Majuong Nguangnyin

WITNESSES

1. Hon.

Marlik Nanga Marlik

2. Hon.

Mangar Matoch Machar

EXTERNAL OBSERVERS

1. Prof. Michael Maker Mangony

2. Hon.

John Madol Pantheer

3. Andrew Guol Riak

STATE STEERING PEACE COMMITTEE

1. Hon.

Suad Makol Mangok

GOVERNMENT REPRESENTATIVES

1. Hon.

Benjamin Makuer Mabor -Chairperson Peaceful Disarmament Committee for Rumbek Central, Rumbek North and Wulu Counties

2. Madit Malual Ater – Executive Director for Rumbek Central County

3. Zacharia Nanga Marlik – Executive Director for Rumbek North County

Resolutions Agreed Between Pakam and Rup Communities of Rumbek North County, Rumbek Central County Specifically Malek and Mayom Payams Witnessed by Kuei and Rup of Amongpiny Payam During Peace Dialogue and Reconciliation Held on 25th to 28th of Nov 2020 in Deng-Nhial, Rumbek Central County

Groups

Gender

State definition

Governance

Power sharing

Human rights and equality

Rights related issues

Rights institutions

Justice sector reform

Socio-economic reconstruction

Land, property and environment

Security sector

Transitional justice

Implementation

Source agreement