Memorandum of Understanding on Military Affairs

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Country/entity: Mozambique
Region: Africa (excl MENA)
Agreement name: Memorandum of Understanding on Military Affairs
Date: 6 Aug 2018
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Mozambique Civil War (1976 – 1992) and RENAMO Insurgency (2012 – )
The Mozambique conflict has roots in the independence movement launched by the Mozambique Liberation Front (FRELIMO) (est. 1962) against Portuguese colonization. Despite the insurgency, independence only came a year after a military coup d’état in Lisbon overthrew the longstanding ‘Estado Novo’ dictatorship. Nonetheless, FRELIMO installed itself as the ruling party and officially became a Marxist-Leninist party in 1977. Fierce fighting broke out in the Cold War context, between the FRELIMO, supported by the Soviet Bloc, and the anti-Communist Mozambique National Resistance (RENAMO) movement, which received funding from neighbouring ‘white’ regimes in Rhodesia and later on, South Africa. After the death of President Somaro Moises Machel in a plane crash in 1986, the presidency passed to Joaquim Alberto Chissano who encouraged political pluralism, particularly following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1989. Following the Rome Peace Accords in 1992, FRELIMO won the country’s first multi-party election in 1994.

Political tensions began to rise after the 2002 presidential elections, which RENAMO argued were fraudulent. These continued until a low-level outbreak of violence by RENAMO fighters targeting police and economic infrastructure. A new peace accord was signed between RENAMO and FRELIMO in September 2014, but RENAMO’s later refusal to accept the terms of the 2014 Presidential election, as well as government difficulties in disarming RENAMO fighters led to a breakdown of the accord in August 2015. Since then, clashes have renewed between the two parties.
Stage: Framework/substantive - partial
Conflict nature: Government/territory
Peace process: Mozambique process - recent
Parties: For Mozambique:
Filipe Jacinto Nyusi, President of the Republic of Mozambique

For RENAMO:
Ossufo Momade, Coordinator of the Political Commission of the Mozambican National Resistance - RENAMO
Third parties: Mirko Manzani, Ambassador of Switzerland in Mozambique, President of the Contact Group, Witness
Description: An agreement for the disarmament, demobilisation, and reintegration (DDR) of the Renamo armed personnel and their incorporation into the Mozambique Armed Defence Forces (FADM) and the Police of the Republic of Mozambique (PRM). The agreement is accompanied with a timetable for the completion of the DDR programme and an "Incorporation Framework" detailing the joint command structure of the FADM pursuant to the agreement.

Agreement document: MZ_180806_Memorandum of Understanding on Military Affairs (opens in new tab) | Download PDF
Agreement document (original language): MZ_180806_Memorandum of Understanding on Military Affairs_PT (opens in new tab)| Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): 2. Basic Principles
...
In turn, number 1 of Article 263 of the CRM, as renumbered in the scope of the specific amendment, enshrines that participation in the defence of national independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity is a sacred duty and honour for all Mozambican citizens.
3. Goals
...
DDR
The DDR aims to assure the security and stability of the country, build an environment of trust and reconciliation among Mozambicans in strict observance of the principles of the Democratic State under the Rule of Law and other relevant laws.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: Power sharing→Military power sharing→Merger of forces
2. Basic Principles
...
The process of integration of the Renamo officials into the FADM and the Police of the Republic of Mozambique (PRM) shall follow the principle of fair incorporation into the highest hierarchical level.
...
The process of Disarmament, Demobilisation, and Reintegration of the Renamo armed personnel, and the integration of part thereof into the Police of the Republic of Mozambique, shall follow the principles set forth by article 262, item 3, of the Constitution of the Republic of Mozambique, as renumbered in the scope of the specific amendment, which prescribes, among others, that the defence and security forces are non-partisan and refrain from taking positions or participating in actions that may jeopardise their internal cohesion and national unity.
...
3. Goals
Incorporation
The purpose of incorporating Renamo personnel in the FADM is to ensure compliance with the basic principles indicated in number 2 of this document, especially with regard to issues that affect FADM officers coming from Renamo.
The incorporation of officers from Renamo in PRM units aims to professionalise and reinforce trust between the Parties.
DDR
...
5. The Institutional Framework of the Process of Incorporation of Renamo officials into the FADM and DDR
Within the scope of the Incorporation and DDR, the following structures shall be created for the purposes of execution, supervision, verification and monitoring:
5.1. The Military Affairs Commission has the general responsibility of supervising and monitoring the implementation of the Incorporation and DDR.
The Commission is also responsible for creating the terms of reference for the specialised technical groups.
In order to perform its duties, the Commission may be assisted by Joint Specialised Technical Groups, namely:
5.2 The Joint Technical Group (GTCE) for Incorporation into FADM comprises two officials of each Party, appointed by the two Superiors.
The GTCE works alongside the General Staff.
5.3 The Joint Technical Group for Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration (GTCDDR), based in Cidade da Beira, is composed of national and international military experts appointed by the Parties.
The international component of this Technical Group is made up of military experts whose task is to provide technical assistance to the Technical Group, in particular, in monitoring disarmament;
5.4 The Monitoring and Verification Group, based in Nhaucunga, Serra da Gorongosa, shall monitor and verify DDR processes.
6. Incorporation of Renamo Officials into the FADM
The incorporation is done through the presentation, by Renamo, of the list of officials whose situation requires due regularisation, both in terms of rank and allocation in FADM.
The individual processes of the officials on the list are subject to study and evaluation by the Technical Group.
In cases where the training of officials proves to be inadequate, specific training will be carried out along with other officials in order to adjust to their new ranks and roles.
The incorporation process initially takes place in accordance with the positions highlighted in bold in Annex A, and must continue in the Personnel Department of the General Staff, in accordance with the terms of reference and the schedule.
The incorporation of Renamo officers into the FADM must last no longer than 120 days (D+120) after confirmation of the Consensus.
Incorporation into other units occurs at a later stage after completing the process provided for in Annex A.
7. Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration
The DDR comprises a set of interdependent actions that are performed in a chain from the point of completion of the incorporation of officials from RENAMO into the FADM and PRM, in accordance with the positions highlighted in bold in Annex A in the following sequence:
...
7.4. The selection of Renamo armed forces to be incorporated into the Police of the Republic of Mozambique (PRM);
7.5. Specialised training of the Renamo elements to be incorporated into the PRM, for a period of 55 days;
Power sharing→Military power sharing→Joint command structures
1. Introduction
...
Considering that the incorporation of Renamo officials into the structure of the Mozambique Armed Defence Forces (FADM), as well as the disarmament, dismantling, and reintegration of Renamo armed forces are a prerequisite for national reconciliation and harmony;
The Parties agree to draft a memorandum including a set of actions and guiding principles regarding the incorporation of Renamo officials into the structure of the Mozambique Armed Defence Forces (FADM), and the Disarmament, Demobilisation, and Reintegration of Rename armed force, as well as the incorporation of part thereof in the Police of the Republic of Mozambique (PRM), following the same principle of Annex A.
2. Basic Principles
...
The process of integration of the Renamo officials into the FADM and the Police of the Republic of Mozambique (PRM) shall follow the principle of fair incorporation into the highest hierarchical level.
The same principle shall continue to be applied at all levels, with primacy to competence, merit, and professionalism.
...
3. Goals
Incorporation
The purpose of incorporating Renamo personnel in the FADM is to ensure compliance with the basic principles indicated in number 2 of this document, especially with regard to issues that affect FADM officers coming from Renamo.
The incorporation of officers from Renamo in PRM units aims to professionalise and reinforce trust between the Parties.
DDR
...
4. Definitions
...
Fair incorporation is the access to management and command responsibilities in the highest hierarchical level of the FADM and other units, as well as in the PRM, in accordance with the aforementioned agreement between the President of the Republic and the Leader of Renamo, following the principle established in Annex A and giving primacy to competence, merit, and professionalism.
5. The Institutional Framework of the Process of Incorporation of Renamo officials into the FADM and DDR
Within the scope of the Incorporation and DDR, the following structures shall be created for the purposes of execution, supervision, verification and monitoring:
5.1. The Military Affairs Commission has the general responsibility of supervising and monitoring the implementation of the Incorporation and DDR.
The Commission is also responsible for creating the terms of reference for the specialised technical groups.
In order to perform its duties, the Commission may be assisted by Joint Specialised Technical Groups, namely:
5.2 The Joint Technical Group (GTCE) for Incorporation into FADM comprises two officials of each Party, appointed by the two Superiors.
The GTCE works alongside the General Staff.
5.3 The Joint Technical Group for Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration (GTCDDR), based in Cidade da Beira, is composed of national and international military experts appointed by the Parties.
The international component of this Technical Group is made up of military experts whose task is to provide technical assistance to the Technical Group, in particular, in monitoring disarmament;
5.4 The Monitoring and Verification Group, based in Nhaucunga, Serra da Gorongosa, shall monitor and verify DDR processes.
6. Incorporation of Renamo Officials into the FADM
The incorporation is done through the presentation, by Renamo, of the list of officials whose situation requires due regularisation, both in terms of rank and allocation in FADM.
The individual processes of the officials on the list are subject to study and evaluation by the Technical Group.
In cases where the training of officials proves to be inadequate, specific training will be carried out along with other officials in order to adjust to their new ranks and roles.
The incorporation process initially takes place in accordance with the positions highlighted in bold in Annex A, and must continue in the Personnel Department of the General Staff, in accordance with the terms of reference and the schedule.
The incorporation of Renamo officers into the FADM must last no longer than 120 days (D+120) after confirmation of the Consensus.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: 3. Goals
...
DDR
The DDR aims to assure the security and stability of the country, build an environment of trust and reconciliation among Mozambicans in strict observance of the principles of the Democratic State under the Rule of Law and other relevant laws.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: No specific mention.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: No specific mention.
Police: 1. Introduction
...
The Parties agree to draft a memorandum including a set of actions and guiding principles regarding the incorporation of Renamo officials into the structure of the Mozambique Armed Defence Forces (FADM), and the Disarmament, Demobilisation, and Reintegration of Rename armed force, as well as the incorporation of part thereof in the Police of the Republic of Mozambique (PRM), following the same principle of Annex A.
2. Basic Principles
...
The process of Disarmament, Demobilisation, and Reintegration of the Renamo armed personnel, and the integration of part thereof into the Police of the Republic of Mozambique, shall follow the principles set forth by article 262, item 3, of the Constitution of the Republic of Mozambique, as renumbered in the scope of the specific amendment, which prescribes, among others, that the defence and security forces are non-partisan and refrain from taking positions or participating in actions that may jeopardise their internal cohesion and national unity.
...
3. Goals
Incorporation
...
The incorporation of officers from Renamo in PRM units aims to professionalise and reinforce trust between the Parties.
DDR
...
7. Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration
The DDR comprises a set of interdependent actions that are performed in a chain from the point of completion of the incorporation of officials from RENAMO into the FADM and PRM, in accordance with the positions highlighted in bold in Annex A in the following sequence:
...
7.4. The selection of Renamo armed forces to be incorporated into the Police of the Republic of Mozambique (PRM);
7.5. Specialised training of the Renamo elements to be incorporated into the PRM, for a period of 55 days;
...
7.9. The FADM and the PRM must avoid operating near the Accommodation Centres while the DDR is underway, except for the GTCDDR with their international experts.
Armed forces: 1. Introduction
...
Considering that the incorporation of Renamo officials into the structure of the Mozambique Armed Defence Forces (FADM), as well as the disarmament, dismantling, and reintegration of Renamo armed forces are a prerequisite for national reconciliation and harmony;
The Parties agree to draft a memorandum including a set of actions and guiding principles regarding the incorporation of Renamo officials into the structure of the Mozambique Armed Defence Forces (FADM), and the Disarmament, Demobilisation, and Reintegration of Rename armed force, as well as the incorporation of part thereof in the Police of the Republic of Mozambique (PRM), following the same principle of Annex A.
2. Basic Principles
The Mozambique Armed Defence Forces (FADM) must remain a non-partisan and professional organisation, pursuant to the Constitution of the Republic of Mozambique and the relevant defence and security legislation.
The process of integration of the Renamo officials into the FADM and the Police of the Republic of Mozambique (PRM) shall follow the principle of fair incorporation into the highest hierarchical level.
...
The process of Disarmament, Demobilisation, and Reintegration of the Renamo armed personnel, and the integration of part thereof into the Police of the Republic of Mozambique, shall follow the principles set forth by article 262, item 3, of the Constitution of the Republic of Mozambique, as renumbered in the scope of the specific amendment, which prescribes, among others, that the defence and security forces are non-partisan and refrain from taking positions or participating in actions that may jeopardise their internal cohesion and national unity.
Numbers 2 and 4 of the same legal provision impose that FDS members obey the Constitution of the Republic and the President of the Republic, in his capacity as Commander-in-Chief.
...
3. Goals
Incorporation
The purpose of incorporating Renamo personnel in the FADM is to ensure compliance with the basic principles indicated in number 2 of this document, especially with regard to issues that affect FADM officers coming from Renamo.
...
DDR
...
4. Definitions
...
Fair incorporation is the access to management and command responsibilities in the highest hierarchical level of the FADM and other units, as well as in the PRM, in accordance with the aforementioned agreement between the President of the Republic and the Leader of Renamo, following the principle established in Annex A and giving primacy to competence, merit, and professionalism.
...
6. Incorporation of Renamo Officials into the FADM
The incorporation is done through the presentation, by Renamo, of the list of officials whose situation requires due regularisation, both in terms of rank and allocation in FADM.
...
The incorporation of Renamo officers into the FADM must last no longer than 120 days (D+120) after confirmation of the Consensus.
...
7. Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration
The DDR comprises a set of interdependent actions that are performed in a chain from the point of completion of the incorporation of officials from RENAMO into the FADM and PRM, in accordance with the positions highlighted in bold in Annex A in the following sequence:
...
7.9. The FADM and the PRM must avoid operating near the Accommodation Centres while the DDR is underway, except for the GTCDDR with their international experts.
DDR: Security sector→DDR→Demilitarisation provisions
DDR
...
4. Definitions
For the purposes defined in this document, it is understood by:
...
Accommodation Centre, the place where armed Renamo personnel are accommodated for DDR purposes;
Security sector→DDR→DDR programmes
1. Introduction
...
Considering that the incorporation of Renamo officials into the structure of the Mozambique Armed Defence Forces (FADM), as well as the disarmament, dismantling, and reintegration of Renamo armed forces are a prerequisite for national reconciliation and harmony;
The Parties agree to draft a memorandum including a set of actions and guiding principles regarding the incorporation of Renamo officials into the structure of the Mozambique Armed Defence Forces (FADM), and the Disarmament, Demobilisation, and Reintegration of Rename armed force, as well as the incorporation of part thereof in the Police of the Republic of Mozambique (PRM), following the same principle of Annex A.
2. Basic Principles
...
The process of Disarmament, Demobilisation, and Reintegration of the Renamo armed personnel, and the integration of part thereof into the Police of the Republic of Mozambique, shall follow the principles set forth by article 262, item 3, of the Constitution of the Republic of Mozambique, as renumbered in the scope of the specific amendment, which prescribes, among others, that the defence and security forces are non-partisan and refrain from taking positions or participating in actions that may jeopardise their internal cohesion and national unity.
...
DDR
...
4. Definitions
For the purposes defined in this document, it is understood by:
Incorporation, the adjustment of situations considered harmful to progression in rank and access to positions of command and leadership of the FADM and due recycling and adaptation;
Accommodation Centre, the place where armed Renamo personnel are accommodated for DDR purposes;
Renamo bases, the camps where Renamo armed personnel are located which are not cantonment centres.
(DDR)
Disarmament, the process of collection, delivery and final disposal of the armament and war material in the possession of Renamo armed personnel;
Demobilisation, is the process of transitioning to civilian life Renamo armed personnel which are not incorporated into FADM;
Reintegration, the process of socioeconomic reinsertion of the Renamo armed forces duly demobilised.
Fair incorporation is the access to management and command responsibilities in the highest hierarchical level of the FADM and other units, as well as in the PRM, in accordance with the aforementioned agreement between the President of the Republic and the Leader of Renamo, following the principle established in Annex A and giving primacy to competence, merit, and professionalism.
5. The Institutional Framework of the Process of Incorporation of Renamo officials into the FADM and DDR
Within the scope of the Incorporation and DDR, the following structures shall be created for the purposes of execution, supervision, verification and monitoring:
5.1. The Military Affairs Commission has the general responsibility of supervising and monitoring the implementation of the Incorporation and DDR.
...
5.4 The Monitoring and Verification Group, based in Nhaucunga, Serra da Gorongosa, shall monitor and verify DDR processes.
...
7. Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration
The DDR comprises a set of interdependent actions that are performed in a chain from the point of completion of the incorporation of officials from RENAMO into the FADM and PRM, in accordance with the positions highlighted in bold in Annex A in the following sequence:
7.1 Renamo proceeds to deliver information regarding its armed personnel, their location, and the weapons or other war material in their possession to the GTCDDR;
7.2. Based on the information, the Technical Group proceeds to map the bases and indicates the geographic location of the Cantonment Centres;
7.3. The transfer of Renamo armed personnel to the Accommodation Centres;
...
7.6. The disarmament, which includes technical processes of:
Registration, identification, and monitoring of the possession of firearms, collection, removal, and destruction or any other agreed purpose;
7.7. The lodging of the Renamo armed personnel in the declared and recognised Accommodation Centres until the conclusion of the DDR;
7.8. The DDR shall last for no longer than 120 days (D+120) after the confirmation of the Consensus;
7.9. The FADM and the PRM must avoid operating near the Accommodation Centres while the DDR is underway, except for the GTCDDR with their international experts.
8. DDR Implementation Phases
8.1. Once the Renamo armed personnel are lodged at the Accommodation Centres, the DDR Joint Technical Group (GTCDDR) specialised in armament, with the support of the international experts, shall certify the non-existence of war material or other artefacts prohibited at the Centres;
8.2. In case unstable explosives are found, they shall be destroyed, and the GTCDDR, with the support of the international experts, shall elaborate a map containing the date, time and location, with geographic coordinates (georeferencing), quality, and type of the armament;
8.3. The GTCDDR registers the armaments of Renamo personnel working with the Technical Group which immediately begins to monitor the armament of armed personnel in the Accommodation Centres;
8.4 Armaments that are not owned by individuals are kept in temporary storage under the responsibility of the GTCDDR and the commander of each centre;
the frequency of its control depends on the amount of existing armament.
8.5 After the process of removal of firearms and explosives, the GTCDDR certifies that the process has been completed, and must, through the Military Affairs Commission, notify the Superiors.
9. DDR Process Monitoring
The Joint Technical Group on DDR (GTCDDR) ensures that DDR activities are implemented in a timely, effective and efficient manner.
The GTCDDR, including the respective international experts, must be impartial and must prepare weekly reports.
The GTCDDR is also responsible for checking accommodation centres for Renamo armed personnel;
monitoring of the accommodation process, collection of weapons from Renamo armed personnel, and their final treatment (destruction or reuse).
It is also responsible for investigating possible DDR violations.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: 1. Introduction
...
Considering that the incorporation of Renamo officials into the structure of the Mozambique Armed Defence Forces (FADM), as well as the disarmament, dismantling, and reintegration of Renamo armed forces are a prerequisite for national reconciliation and harmony;
The Parties agree to draft a memorandum including a set of actions and guiding principles regarding the incorporation of Renamo officials into the structure of the Mozambique Armed Defence Forces (FADM), and the Disarmament, Demobilisation, and Reintegration of Rename armed force, as well as the incorporation of part thereof in the Police of the Republic of Mozambique (PRM), following the same principle of Annex A.
2. Basic Principles
...
The process of integration of the Renamo officials into the FADM and the Police of the Republic of Mozambique (PRM) shall follow the principle of fair incorporation into the highest hierarchical level.
...
The process of Disarmament, Demobilisation, and Reintegration of the Renamo armed personnel, and the integration of part thereof into the Police of the Republic of Mozambique, shall follow the principles set forth by article 262, item 3, of the Constitution of the Republic of Mozambique, as renumbered in the scope of the specific amendment, which prescribes, among others, that the defence and security forces are non-partisan and refrain from taking positions or participating in actions that may jeopardise their internal cohesion and national unity.
...
3. Goals
Incorporation
The purpose of incorporating Renamo personnel in the FADM is to ensure compliance with the basic principles indicated in number 2 of this document, especially with regard to issues that affect FADM officers coming from Renamo.
...
DDR
...
6. Incorporation of Renamo Officials into the FADM
...
The incorporation of Renamo officers into the FADM must last no longer than 120 days (D+120) after confirmation of the Consensus.
...
7. Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration
The DDR comprises a set of interdependent actions that are performed in a chain from the point of completion of the incorporation of officials from RENAMO into the FADM and PRM, in accordance with the positions highlighted in bold in Annex A in the following sequence:
7.1 Renamo proceeds to deliver information regarding its armed personnel, their location, and the weapons or other war material in their possession to the GTCDDR;
...
7.3. The transfer of Renamo armed personnel to the Accommodation Centres;
7.4. The selection of Renamo armed forces to be incorporated into the Police of the Republic of Mozambique (PRM);
...
7.7. The lodging of the Renamo armed personnel in the declared and recognised Accommodation Centres until the conclusion of the DDR;
...
8. DDR Implementation Phases
8.1. Once the Renamo armed personnel are lodged at the Accommodation Centres, the DDR Joint Technical Group (GTCDDR) specialised in armament, with the support of the international experts, shall certify the non-existence of war material or other artefacts prohibited at the Centres;
...
8.3. The GTCDDR registers the armaments of Renamo personnel working with the Technical Group which immediately begins to monitor the armament of armed personnel in the Accommodation Centres;
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: DDR
...
5. The Institutional Framework of the Process of Incorporation of Renamo officials into the FADM and DDR
...
In order to perform its duties, the Commission may be assisted by Joint Specialised Technical Groups, namely:
5.2 The Joint Technical Group (GTCE) for Incorporation into FADM comprises two officials of each Party, appointed by the two Superiors.
The GTCE works alongside the General Staff.
5.3 The Joint Technical Group for Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration (GTCDDR), based in Cidade da Beira, is composed of national and international military experts appointed by the Parties.
The international component of this Technical Group is made up of military experts whose task is to provide technical assistance to the Technical Group, in particular, in monitoring disarmament;
Enforcement mechanism: DDR
...
5. The Institutional Framework of the Process of Incorporation of Renamo officials into the FADM and DDR
...
5.1. The Military Affairs Commission has the general responsibility of supervising and monitoring the implementation of the Incorporation and DDR.
The Commission is also responsible for creating the terms of reference for the specialised technical groups.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: No specific mention.

Military Affairs

Memorandum of Understanding

Maputo / Gorongosa

August 2018

Memorandum of Understanding on Military Affairs

1. Introduction

As part of the dialogue for restoring lasting and effective peace, a fundamental condition for sustainable and inclusive national development;

Considering that the incorporation of Renamo officials into the structure of the Mozambique Armed Defence Forces (FADM), as well as the disarmament, dismantling, and reintegration of Renamo armed forces are a prerequisite for national reconciliation and harmony;

The Parties agree to draft a memorandum including a set of actions and guiding principles regarding the incorporation of Renamo officials into the structure of the Mozambique Armed Defence Forces (FADM), and the Disarmament, Demobilisation, and Reintegration of Rename armed force, as well as the incorporation of part thereof in the Police of the Republic of Mozambique (PRM), following the same principle of Annex A.

2. Basic Principles

The Mozambique Armed Defence Forces (FADM) must remain a non-partisan and professional organisation, pursuant to the Constitution of the Republic of Mozambique and the relevant defence and security legislation.

The process of integration of the Renamo officials into the FADM and the Police of the Republic of Mozambique (PRM) shall follow the principle of fair incorporation into the highest hierarchical level.

The same principle shall continue to be applied at all levels, with primacy to competence, merit, and professionalism.

The process of Disarmament, Demobilisation, and Reintegration of the Renamo armed personnel, and the integration of part thereof into the Police of the Republic of Mozambique, shall follow the principles set forth by article 262, item 3, of the Constitution of the Republic of Mozambique, as renumbered in the scope of the specific amendment, which prescribes, among others, that the defence and security forces are non-partisan and refrain from taking positions or participating in actions that may jeopardise their internal cohesion and national unity.

Numbers 2 and 4 of the same legal provision impose that FDS members obey the Constitution of the Republic and the President of the Republic, in his capacity as Commander-in-Chief.

In turn, number 1 of Article 263 of the CRM, as renumbered in the scope of the specific amendment, enshrines that participation in the defence of national independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity is a sacred duty and honour for all Mozambican citizens.

3. Goals

Incorporation

The purpose of incorporating Renamo personnel in the FADM is to ensure compliance with the basic principles indicated in number 2 of this document, especially with regard to issues that affect FADM officers coming from Renamo.

The incorporation of officers from Renamo in PRM units aims to professionalise and reinforce trust between the Parties.

DDR

The DDR aims to assure the security and stability of the country, build an environment of trust and reconciliation among Mozambicans in strict observance of the principles of the Democratic State under the Rule of Law and other relevant laws.

4. Definitions

For the purposes defined in this document, it is understood by:

Incorporation, the adjustment of situations considered harmful to progression in rank and access to positions of command and leadership of the FADM and due recycling and adaptation;

Accommodation Centre, the place where armed Renamo personnel are accommodated for DDR purposes;

Renamo bases, the camps where Renamo armed personnel are located which are not cantonment centres.

(DDR)

Disarmament, the process of collection, delivery and final disposal of the armament and war material in the possession of Renamo armed personnel;

Demobilisation, is the process of transitioning to civilian life Renamo armed personnel which are not incorporated into FADM;

Reintegration, the process of socioeconomic reinsertion of the Renamo armed forces duly demobilised.

Fair incorporation is the access to management and command responsibilities in the highest hierarchical level of the FADM and other units, as well as in the PRM, in accordance with the aforementioned agreement between the President of the Republic and the Leader of Renamo, following the principle established in Annex A and giving primacy to competence, merit, and professionalism.

5. The Institutional Framework of the Process of Incorporation of Renamo officials into the FADM and DDR

Within the scope of the Incorporation and DDR, the following structures shall be created for the purposes of execution, supervision, verification and monitoring:

5.1. The Military Affairs Commission has the general responsibility of supervising and monitoring the implementation of the Incorporation and DDR.

The Commission is also responsible for creating the terms of reference for the specialised technical groups.

In order to perform its duties, the Commission may be assisted by Joint Specialised Technical Groups, namely:

5.2 The Joint Technical Group (GTCE) for Incorporation into FADM comprises two officials of each Party, appointed by the two Superiors.

The GTCE works alongside the General Staff.

5.3 The Joint Technical Group for Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration (GTCDDR), based in Cidade da Beira, is composed of national and international military experts appointed by the Parties.

The international component of this Technical Group is made up of military experts whose task is to provide technical assistance to the Technical Group, in particular, in monitoring disarmament;

5.4 The Monitoring and Verification Group, based in Nhaucunga, Serra da Gorongosa, shall monitor and verify DDR processes.

6. Incorporation of Renamo Officials into the FADM

The incorporation is done through the presentation, by Renamo, of the list of officials whose situation requires due regularisation, both in terms of rank and allocation in FADM.

The individual processes of the officials on the list are subject to study and evaluation by the Technical Group.

In cases where the training of officials proves to be inadequate, specific training will be carried out along with other officials in order to adjust to their new ranks and roles.

The incorporation process initially takes place in accordance with the positions highlighted in bold in Annex A, and must continue in the Personnel Department of the General Staff, in accordance with the terms of reference and the schedule.

The incorporation of Renamo officers into the FADM must last no longer than 120 days (D+120) after confirmation of the Consensus.

Incorporation into other units occurs at a later stage after completing the process provided for in Annex A.

7. Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration

The DDR comprises a set of interdependent actions that are performed in a chain from the point of completion of the incorporation of officials from RENAMO into the FADM and PRM, in accordance with the positions highlighted in bold in Annex A in the following sequence:

7.1 Renamo proceeds to deliver information regarding its armed personnel, their location, and the weapons or other war material in their possession to the GTCDDR;

7.2. Based on the information, the Technical Group proceeds to map the bases and indicates the geographic location of the Cantonment Centres;

7.3. The transfer of Renamo armed personnel to the Accommodation Centres;

7.4. The selection of Renamo armed forces to be incorporated into the Police of the Republic of Mozambique (PRM);

7.5. Specialised training of the Renamo elements to be incorporated into the PRM, for a period of 55 days;

7.6. The disarmament, which includes technical processes of:

Registration, identification, and monitoring of the possession of firearms, collection, removal, and destruction or any other agreed purpose;

7.7. The lodging of the Renamo armed personnel in the declared and recognised Accommodation Centres until the conclusion of the DDR;

7.8. The DDR shall last for no longer than 120 days (D+120) after the confirmation of the Consensus;

7.9. The FADM and the PRM must avoid operating near the Accommodation Centres while the DDR is underway, except for the GTCDDR with their international experts.

8. DDR Implementation Phases

8.1. Once the Renamo armed personnel are lodged at the Accommodation Centres, the DDR Joint Technical Group (GTCDDR) specialised in armament, with the support of the international experts, shall certify the non-existence of war material or other artefacts prohibited at the Centres;

8.2. In case unstable explosives are found, they shall be destroyed, and the GTCDDR, with the support of the international experts, shall elaborate a map containing the date, time and location, with geographic coordinates (georeferencing), quality, and type of the armament;

8.3. The GTCDDR registers the armaments of Renamo personnel working with the Technical Group which immediately begins to monitor the armament of armed personnel in the Accommodation Centres;

8.4 Armaments that are not owned by individuals are kept in temporary storage under the responsibility of the GTCDDR and the commander of each centre;

the frequency of its control depends on the amount of existing armament.

8.5 After the process of removal of firearms and explosives, the GTCDDR certifies that the process has been completed, and must, through the Military Affairs Commission, notify the Superiors.

9. DDR Process Monitoring

The Joint Technical Group on DDR (GTCDDR) ensures that DDR activities are implemented in a timely, effective and efficient manner.

The GTCDDR, including the respective international experts, must be impartial and must prepare weekly reports.

The GTCDDR is also responsible for checking accommodation centres for Renamo armed personnel;

monitoring of the accommodation process, collection of weapons from Renamo armed personnel, and their final treatment (destruction or reuse).

It is also responsible for investigating possible DDR violations.