Alistamiento para el Proceso de Participacion de la Sociedad y del Cese al Fuego Bilateral (Cuba Agreement)

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Country/entity: Colombia
Region: Americas
Agreement name: Alistamiento para el Proceso de Participacion de la Sociedad y del Cese al Fuego Bilateral (Cuba Agreement)
Date: 9 Jun 2023
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Colombian Conflict (1964 - )
The Colombian conflict is really a set of conflicts and the peace agreements reflect both different processes relating to different conflict groups and dyads, and processes taking place at different times in a complex peace process history. The Colombian civil war has its roots in the late 1940s and the violent infighting between liberal and the conservative factions. Emerging from the liberal tradition with a thorough grounding in nationalist communist ideology, the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia—People's Army (FARC) began its armed insurrection against the Colombian government in 1964. Other left-wing guerrillas emerged as well, most notably the socialist/populist M-19, which would later be integrated into the formal political system in the peace process of 1990s; the National Liberation Army (ELN), which has strong roots in liberation theology, and the Maoist Ejército Popular de Liberación (EPL) (also part of the 1990 process, less successfully). Several stages of peace processes were undertaken by the various sides, which were further complicated by the emergence of right-wing paramilitary ‘self-defence’ forces. The peace agreement between the Colombian government under President Uribe and the main alliance of the paramilitary groups, the United Self-Defence Forces of Colombia (AUC), concluded in 2005 and is still heavily disputed as several remnants are still active, but now subsumed under the heading ‘Bacrim’ (Bandas criminales). In addition, FARC and ELN maintain a military presence, but both demonstrate a strong interest in completing successful peace negotiations with the government, with the most recent agreements being between FARC and the Government.
Stage: Framework/substantive - partial
Conflict nature: Government
Peace process: Colombia VI - Government-ELN post-2015 process
Parties: Delegation of the Government of the Republic of Colombia:

José Otty Patiño Hormaza, Head of delegation
Iván Danilo Rueda Rodríguez, High Commissioner for Peace
Orlando Romero Reyes
Rosmery Quintero Castro
Horacio Guerrero García
Adelaida Jiménez Cortés
Carlos Alfonso Rosero
Olga Lilia Silva López
Iván Cepeda Castro
José Félix Lafaurie Rivera
Dayana Paola Urzola Domicó
Rodrigo Botero García
Nigeria Rentería Lozano
Álvaro Matallana Eslava
María José Pizarro Rodríguez.

Delegation of the Ejército de Liberación Nacional – ELN:

Pablo Beltrán, Head of delegation
Aureliano Carbonell
Bernardo Téllez
Isabel Torres
Manuel Gustavo Martínez
María Consuelo Tapias
Tomás García Laviana
Simón Pabón
Mauricio Iguarán.
Third parties: As observer of the armed forces:

Maj. Gen. Hugo Alejandro López Barreto.

As witnesses and depositaries (Guarantor countries):

Glivânia Maria de Oliveira, Federative Republic of Brazil
Eugenio Martínez Enríquez, Republic of Cuba
Jon Otto Brødholt, Kingdom of Norway
Raúl Vergara Meneses, Republic of Chile
Claudia Helietta González Hernández, United Mexican States
Gen. Carlos Martínez Mendoza, Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Permanent accompanying partners:

Carlos G. Ruiz Massieu, Special Representative of the United Nations Secretary-General
Msgr. Héctor Fabio Henao Gaviria, Delegate for Church-State Relations, Episcopal Conference of Colombia.
Description: A short agreement between the Government of the Republic of Colombia and the Ejército de Liberación Nacional (ELN - National Liberation Army) which provides for the inclusion of society to participate in the peace process through the formation of a national committee on participation. The agreement also provides for general preparations for the bilateral national ceasefire; substantively setting out timings of the ceasefire, as well as encouraging both the activities of the Monitoring and Verification Mechanism and channels of communication and education on the ceasefire between parties and with the UNSGC.

Agreement document: CO_230609_Preparation for the process of participation of society and for the bilateral ceasefire.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF
Agreement document (original language): CO_230609_Alistamiento para el Proceso de Participacion de la Sociedad y del Cese al Fuego Bilateral (Cuba Agreement).pdf (opens in new tab)| Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: 1. Preparations for the participation of society in peacebuilding:
• Convening of society to participate in the peace process.
• Establishment of preparatory teams to create the National Committee on Participation.
• Development of the rules of procedure and work plan of the National Committee on Participation.
• The National Committee on Participation shall be formally established on 25 July 2023 during a public event.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: No specific mention.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: Security sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provision
2. Preparations for the temporary bilateral national ceasefire
The initial phase shall comprise three steps:
...
• The parties’ orders to cease offensive operations shall be take effect on 6 July 2023.
On 10 July 2023, the peace talks panel shall hold a plenary face-to-face meeting to approve the protocols.
The educational activities shall continue during this period.
• The full implementation of the temporary bilateral national ceasefire shall begin on 3 August 2023 with the implementation of all the protocols and the full functioning of all bodies of the Monitoring and Verification Mechanism.
The 180-day period of the temporary bilateral national ceasefire shall begin on this date, with the intention that it will be continued, subject to an evaluation by the parties.
Security sector→Ceasefire→General commitments
2. Preparations for the temporary bilateral national ceasefire
The initial phase shall comprise three steps:
• Upon the announcement of the present agreement, the parties shall start preparing for the bilateral ceasefire.
From 9 June to 5 July 2023 the process of preparation shall include, among other activities, the activation of a channel of communication between the parties through the Special Representative of the United Nations Secretary-General in Colombia, the drafting of pending protocols, the start of educational activities and the preparation for the start of operations of the Monitoring and Verification Mechanism.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: No specific mention.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: The initial phase shall comprise three steps:
...
3. Fourth round
...
Carlos G. Ruiz Massieu, Special Representative of the United Nations Secretary-General
Other international signatory: The initial phase shall comprise three steps:
...
3. Fourth round
...
Glivânia Maria de Oliveira, Federative Republic of Brazil
Eugenio Martínez Enríquez, Republic of Cuba
Jon Otto Brødholt, Kingdom of Norway
Raúl Vergara Meneses, Republic of Chile
Claudia Helietta González Hernández, United Mexican States
Gen. Carlos Martínez Mendoza, Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: 2. Preparations for the temporary bilateral national ceasefire
The initial phase shall comprise three steps:
...
From 9 June to 5 July 2023 the process of preparation shall include, among other activities, the activation of a channel of communication between the parties through the Special Representative of the United Nations Secretary-General in Colombia, the drafting of pending protocols, the start of educational activities and the preparation for the start of operations of the Monitoring and Verification Mechanism.
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: No specific mention.

Declaration and Agreement No.

Preparation for the process of participation of society and for the bilateral ceasefire

The Government of the Republic of Colombia and the Ejército de Liberación Nacional – ELN (National Liberation Army) have decided to immediately comply with the Cuba Agreements.

To this end, the parties declare that the peace talks panel shall begin ongoing activity that combines different forms of work in various scenarios and at different times while continuing the rounds of talks.

1. Preparations for the participation of society in peacebuilding:

• Convening of society to participate in the peace process.

• Establishment of preparatory teams to create the National Committee on Participation.

• Development of the rules of procedure and work plan of the National Committee on Participation.

• The National Committee on Participation shall be formally established on 25 July 2023 during a public event.

2. Preparations for the temporary bilateral national ceasefire

The initial phase shall comprise three steps:

• Upon the announcement of the present agreement, the parties shall start preparing for the bilateral ceasefire.

From 9 June to 5 July 2023 the process of preparation shall include, among other activities, the activation of a channel of communication between the parties through the Special Representative of the United Nations Secretary-General in Colombia, the drafting of pending protocols, the start of educational activities and the preparation for the start of operations of the Monitoring and Verification Mechanism.

• The parties’ orders to cease offensive operations shall be take effect on 6 July 2023.

On 10 July 2023, the peace talks panel shall hold a plenary face-to-face meeting to approve the protocols.

The educational activities shall continue during this period.

• The full implementation of the temporary bilateral national ceasefire shall begin on 3 August 2023 with the implementation of all the protocols and the full functioning of all bodies of the Monitoring and Verification Mechanism.

The 180-day period of the temporary bilateral national ceasefire shall begin on this date, with the intention that it will be continued, subject to an evaluation by the parties.

3. Fourth round

The fourth round of peace talks shall be held from 14 August to 4 September 2023 in the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

During this round the parties shall, among other items, evaluate the compliance with the agreements signed.

Havana, Republic of Cuba, 9 June 2023.

Delegation of the Government of the Republic of Colombia:

José Otty Patiño Hormaza, Head of delegation

Iván Danilo Rueda Rodríguez, High Commissioner for Peace

Orlando Romero Reyes

Rosmery Quintero Castro

Horacio Guerrero García

Adelaida Jiménez Cortés

Carlos Alfonso Rosero

Olga Lilia Silva López

Iván Cepeda Castro

José Félix Lafaurie Rivera

Dayana Paola Urzola Domicó

Rodrigo Botero García

Nigeria Rentería Lozano

Álvaro Matallana Eslava

María José Pizarro Rodríguez.

Delegation of the Ejército de Liberación Nacional – ELN:

Pablo Beltrán, Head of delegation

Aureliano Carbonell

Bernardo Téllez

Isabel Torres

Manuel Gustavo Martínez

María Consuelo Tapias

Tomás García Laviana

Simón Pabón

Mauricio Iguarán.

As observer of the armed forces:

Maj. Gen. Hugo Alejandro López Barreto.

As witnesses and depositaries (Guarantor countries):

Glivânia Maria de Oliveira, Federative Republic of Brazil

Eugenio Martínez Enríquez, Republic of Cuba

Jon Otto Brødholt, Kingdom of Norway

Raúl Vergara Meneses, Republic of Chile

Claudia Helietta González Hernández, United Mexican States

Gen. Carlos Martínez Mendoza, Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Permanent accompanying partners:

Carlos G. Ruiz Massieu, Special Representative of the United Nations Secretary-General

Msgr.

Héctor Fabio Henao Gaviria, Delegate for Church-State Relations, Episcopal Conference of Colombia.