Security Arrangements Clause in the Revitalised South Sudan Peace Agreement: Agreement on the Unification of the Supreme Command of the Forces

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Country/entity: South Sudan
Region: Africa (excl MENA)
Agreement name: Security Arrangements Clause in the Revitalised South Sudan Peace Agreement: Agreement on the Unification of the Supreme Command of the Forces
Date: 3 Apr 2022
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Stage: Framework/substantive - partial
Conflict nature: Government/territory
Peace process: South Sudan post-secession process
Parties: [signature] On behalf of the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement - in Government,
Lieutenant General Tut Gatluak Manime
Adviser to the President of the Republic for Security Affairs

[signature] On behalf of the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement in - Opposition
pp. Dr Riek Machar Teny,
First Vice-President of the Republic

[signature] On behalf of the South Sudan Opposition Alliance (SSOA)
pp. Lieutenant General Hussein Abdul-Baqi Akol
Vice-President of the Republic
Third parties: Witnessed by:
General [signature]
pp. Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo Musa
First Deputy to the Chairman of the Transitional Sovereignty Council of the Republic of the Sudan
Description: As part of security arrangements in the national revitalised peace agreement in South Sudan (R-ARCSS), this agreement sets out the steps for integrating opposition troops into the armed forces and army command, unifying supreme command of the forces. The short matrix agreement therefore provides for forms of military power-sharing, namely opposition movements putting forward candidates for joint command structures and merger of forces, as well as making provision for ceasefire monitoring and cessation of hostile media campaigns.

Agreement document: SS_220403_Agreement on the Unification of Command_EN (opens in new tab) | Download PDF
Agreement document (original language): SS_220403_Agreement on the Unification of Command_PT.pdf (opens in new tab)| Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: Power sharing→Military power sharing→Merger of forces
The parties agreed, in culmination of the tireless and sincere efforts of the Government of Sudan and the leadership of South Sudan, upon the following:
...
Specification of the roles of the People’s Movement in Opposition and the Opposition Alliance (SSOA).
...
Issuing of a Republican Decree.
...
Presidency of the Republic.
...
One week.
...
Graduation and distribution of forces.
...
Completion of the graduation procedures, deployment and distribution of forces.
...
Joint Defence Committee.
...
A period not exceeding two months.
...
Preparation for the second cohort of the unified forces.
...
Completion of the preparation and transportation of the forces of the second cohort to the training camps.
...
Joint Defence Committee.
...
Within one month.
Power sharing→Military power sharing→Joint command structures
The parties agreed, in culmination of the tireless and sincere efforts of the Government of Sudan and the leadership of South Sudan, upon the following:
1. The proposal to unify the Supreme Command of the Forces (attached).
...
Positions in the Unified Leadership.
...
Submission of lists of names to occupy the agreed positions.
...
The People’s Movement in Opposition and the Opposition Alliance (SSOA).
...
Within one week.
...
Respect for the lists of candidates for the command staff and directors of the various forces’ departments submitted by the parties, taking into account standards and competence.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: Rights related issues→Media and communication→Media roles
The parties agreed, in culmination of the tireless and sincere efforts of the Government of Sudan and the leadership of South Sudan, upon the following:
...
Media Escalation.
...
Cessation of hostile media campaigns.
...
All.
...
Immediately.
...
Necessity of holding violating parties to account.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: No specific mention.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: The parties agreed, in culmination of the tireless and sincere efforts of the Government of Sudan and the leadership of South Sudan, upon the following:
...
2. A matrix to chart the course of the next stage of security arrangements (attached).
Ceasefire: Security sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provision
The parties agreed, in culmination of the tireless and sincere efforts of the Government of Sudan and the leadership of South Sudan, upon the following:
...
Activation of the mechanisms of the revitalised peace agreement.
...
Return of two representatives of the People’s Movement in Opposition to the various mechanisms in connection with the peace agreement and resumption of their activity.
...
The People’s Movement in Opposition.
...
Immediately.
...
a. Monitoring of violations of the ceasefire.
b. Confirmation of the cessation of hostilities.
c. Funding of the implementation of the agreement.
...
Hostilities.
...
Confirmation of absolute commitment to the two agreements - Cessation of Hostilities 21 December 2017 and Ceasefire 27 June 2018.
...
All.
...
Immediately.
...
a. Prohibition of preventive detention.
b. Cessation of reciprocal attacks.
c. Emphasis on what is stated in the text of the revitalised agreement, as follows:
not to encourage divisions between the parties to the agreement.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: The parties agreed, in culmination of the tireless and sincere efforts of the Government of Sudan and the leadership of South Sudan, upon the following:
...
Graduation and distribution of forces.
...
Completion of the graduation procedures, deployment and distribution of forces.
...
Joint Defence Committee.
...
A period not exceeding two months.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: No specific mention.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: No specific mention.

Security Arrangements Clause in the Revitalised South Sudan Peace Agreement

Agreement on the Unification of the Supreme Command of the Forces

On the basis of the historical and fraternal relationships between the Republic of South Sudan,

And the Republic of the Sudan, and arising out of the persistent efforts exerted by the Republic of the Sudan Supreme Command to achieve security and stability in the two brotherly countries in particular and all of the countries of the region.

The Sudanese mediation was headed by Lieutenant General Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, Vice President of the interim Sovereignty Council, in many intense meetings with the parties concerned in the implementation of the Security Arrangements clause of the revitalised South Sudan Peace Agreement which aimed to arrive at a unified wording to unify the forces’ Supreme Command,

The parties agreed, in culmination of the tireless and sincere efforts of the Government of Sudan and the leadership of South Sudan, upon the following:

1. The proposal to unify the Supreme Command of the Forces (attached).

2. A matrix to chart the course of the next stage of security arrangements (attached).

[illegible signatures]

Issued at Juba, Republic of South Sudan on this date, third of April 2022 CE,

[signature] On behalf of the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement - in Government, Lieutenant General Tut Gatluak Manime Adviser to the President of the Republic for Security Affairs

[signature] On behalf of the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement in - Opposition pp.

Dr Riek Machar Teny, First Vice-President of the Republic

[signature] On behalf of the South Sudan Opposition Alliance (SSOA) pp.

Lieutenant General Hussein Abdul-Baqi Akol Vice-President of the Republic

Witnessed by:

General [signature] pp.

Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo Musa First Deputy to the Chairman of the Transitional Sovereignty Council of the Republic of the Sudan

(*Note:

The following is the matrix to chart the course of the next stage of security arrangements.

This has been extracted from the matrix chart and put into list format for analysis.

To see information in the matrix chart format, see agreement.)

Subject:

Specification of the roles of the People’s Movement in Opposition and the Opposition Alliance (SSOA).

Action Required:

Issuing of a Republican Decree.

Implementing Body:

Presidency of the Republic.

Timeframe:

One week.

Notes:

None.

Subject:

Positions in the Unified Leadership.

Action Required:

Submission of lists of names to occupy the agreed positions.

Implementing Body:

The People’s Movement in Opposition and the Opposition Alliance (SSOA).

Timeframe:

Within one week.

Notes:

Respect for the lists of candidates for the command staff and directors of the various forces’ departments submitted by the parties, taking into account standards and competence.

Subject:

Activation of the mechanisms of the revitalised peace agreement.

Action Required:

Return of two representatives of the People’s Movement in Opposition to the various mechanisms in connection with the peace agreement and resumption of their activity.

Implementing Body:

The People’s Movement in Opposition.

Timeframe:

Immediately.

Notes:

a. Monitoring of violations of the ceasefire.

b. Confirmation of the cessation of hostilities.

c. Funding of the implementation of the agreement.

Subject:

Graduation and distribution of forces.

Action Required:

Completion of the graduation procedures, deployment and distribution of forces.

Implementing Body:

Joint Defence Committee.

Timeframe:

A period not exceeding two months.

Notes:

None.

Subject:

Preparation for the second cohort of the unified forces.

Action Required:

Completion of the preparation and transportation of the forces of the second cohort to the training camps.

Implementing Body:

Joint Defence Committee.

Timeframe:

Within one month.

Notes:

None.

Subject:

Hostilities.

Action Required:

Confirmation of absolute commitment to the two agreements - Cessation of Hostilities 21 December 2017 and Ceasefire 27 June 2018.

Implementing Body:

All.

Timeframe:

Immediately.

Notes:

a. Prohibition of preventive detention.

b. Cessation of reciprocal attacks.

c. Emphasis on what is stated in the text of the revitalised agreement, as follows:

not to encourage divisions between the parties to the agreement.

Subject:

Media Escalation.

Action Required:

Cessation of hostile media campaigns.

Implementing Body:

All.

Timeframe:

Immediately.

Notes:

Necessity of holding violating parties to account.