Pledge of Commitment (for Peaceful and Honest Local and National Elections)

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Country/entity: Philippines
Mindanao
Region: Asia and Pacific
Agreement name: Pledge of Commitment (for Peaceful and Honest Local and National Elections)
Date: 30 Apr 2022
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Philippine Insurgencies (1968 - )
The Maoist Insurgencies (1968 - )

Philippines-NDF

The Philippines have been defined by a series of center-periphery and often ideologically Maoist, separatist insurgencies. The Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP), began its war against the central Philippine government in 1968 through their armed wing – the New People’s Army (NPA). Further legitimacy was gained through the establishment of the National Democratic Front (NDF) in 1973. Grievances were predominantly opposed to the corruption and repression under the authoritarian Marcos regime.

Philippines-Cordillera

With the overthrow of Marcos’ regime in 1986, the CPP factionalized further to take on more localized characteristics. The Cordillera Peoples Liberation Army (CPLA) broke away from the NDF in 1986 to focus on the protection of the Cordilleran people and land in northern Luzon. Hostilities were formally ended in July 2011, with an agreement signed between the central government, the CPLA and the Cordillera Bodong Administration (CBA) that allowed for the absorption of CPLA fighters into the Philippine Army and the re-working of the CBA-CPLA into a socio-development organisation.

Philippines-RPM-P

Meanwhile, purge among the CPP in the early 1990s, encouraged the formation of a parallel party, the Revolutionary Workers Party (RPM-P). Their armed wing, the Alex Boncayao Brigade (ABB) which had carried out a number of assassinations during the 1980s at the bequest of the CPP, followed suit and allied themselves with the RPM-P in 1997 forming the (RPM-P-RPA-ABB). Severely weakened by the split with the CPP and with the arrest of several key figures, the RPM-P-RPA-ABB signed a peace agreement in December 2000, which encouraged the RPM-P’s branch in Mindanao to break away in 2001.

The CPP-NPA has only participated in intermittent talks with the government. Talks halted in 2004 when Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo’s administration sought closer ties with the U.S. in the war on terror and added the CPP-NPA to the list of terrorist organisations, renewing violence. Following the launch of a counter-insurgency by the Philippine government, negotiations have been further delayed due to suspected internal differences between the CPP ‘old guard’ and younger members.

The Moro Insurgency (1968 - )

Philippines-Mindanao

The Moro Insurgency began in 1968, in Mindanao and the Sulu archipelago after the killing of Moro Commandos, the so-called Jabidah Massacre, by the Philippine Army following a plot to invade Sabah province in Malaysia. The Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) captured a swath of territory in the mid-1970s. In an attempt to stem the violence, the constitution was reformed and Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) was created 1990 granting a devolution of power to the provinces of Lanao del Sur, Maguindanao, Sulu and Tawi-Tawi. Following the establishment of the ARMM, the MNLF splintered into a range of smaller groups including Islamic factions such as the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) and the Abu Sayef Goup (ASG). The Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro was signed in 2014.
Stage: Ceasefire/related
Conflict nature: Government/territory
Peace process: Philippines - Mindanao process
Parties: MILF [signatures illegible]; OPAPRU Usec. David B. Diciano, chairperson of the Government Peace Implementing Panel for GPH-MILF Peace Accord; OPAPRU Assistant Secretary for Reconciliation and Unity Andres S. Aguinaldo Jr.; Executive Director Cesar D. De Mesa, head of the PAMANA National Program Management Department; BGen Antonio G. Nafarrete, chairman of the Government of the Philippines-Coordinating Committee on the Cessation of Hostilities (GPH-CCCH); BGen Jose Randolf Sinocruz of the 1ID Division; BGen Rey R. Alemania and Col. Charlemagne F Batayola Jr. of the 2nd Mechanized Brigade; and IMT Team Site 2 Deputy Team Leader Lt Col Mohd Azhar bin Yusof RMAF.
Third parties: Witnessed by:
M.Gen Datuk Hamdav Ismail, Head of Mission IMT 16
Atty. Muamar A. Goyo [affliation illegible]
Description: Short pledge by the Joint GPH and MILF Coordinating Committee on the Cessation of Hostilities (CCCH), the Ad hoc Joint Action Group (AHJAG), the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP), the Philippines National Police (PNP) and MILF Commanders to adhere to ceasefire protocols as stipulated in earlier ceasefire agreements in order to facilitate peaceful and honest local and national elections.

Agreement document: PH_220430_Pledge of Commitment (for Peaceful and Honest Local and National Elections).pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: Page 1:

Pledge of Commitment

I, hereby commit to the following:

To adhere to the ceasefire protocols as stipulated in the operational guidelines of the Agreement on General Cessation of hostilities of 1997 or the Ceasefire Agreement;
Not to commit any violent or provocative actions that may trigger my fellow MILF members, the civilian populace, or the government’s security forces to do the same; and
To remain neutral and not participate to any political differences experienced on the ground.
I further pledge to disseminate this endeavour and seek the support of all the GPH and MILF members under my command in the name of attaining a peaceful and honest election.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: No specific mention.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: Security sector→Ceasefire→General commitments
Page 1,
I, hereby commit to the following:
- To adhere to the ceasefire protocols as stipulated in the operational guidelines of the Agreement on General Cessation of hostilities of 1997 or the Ceasefire Agreement;
- Not to commit any violent or provocative actions that may trigger my fellow MILF members, the civilian populace, or the government’s security forces to do the same; and
- To remain neutral and not participate to any political differences experienced on the ground.
I further pledge to disseminate this endeavour and seek the support of all the GPH and MILF members under my command in the name of attaining a peaceful and honest election.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: No specific mention.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: IMT Team Site 2 Deputy Team Leader Lt Col Mohd Azhar bin Yusof RMAF.

Witnessed by:
M.Gen Datuk Hamdav Ismail, Head of Mission IMT 16
Atty. Muamar A. Goyo [affliation illegible]
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: Office of the Presidential Adviser on Peace, Reconciliation and Unity
https://peace.gov.ph/2022/05/opapru-afp-milf-ink-mou-for-peaceful-honest-polls/

Pledge of Commitment

I, hereby commit to the following:

To adhere to the ceasefire protocols as stipulated in the operational guidelines of the Agreement on General Cessation of hostilities of 1997 or the Ceasefire Agreement;

Not to commit any violent or provocative actions that may trigger my fellow MILF members, the civilian populace, or the government’s security forces to do the same;

and

To remain neutral and not participate to any political differences experienced on the ground.

I further pledge to disseminate this endeavour and seek the support of all the GPH and MILF members under my command in the name of attaining a peaceful and honest election.

So help me, God / In shaa Allah.

Signing of AFP, PNP and MILF Commanders for Peaceful and Honest Local and National Elections in 2022

30 April 2022

[Signatures]