Declaration [Statement signed on 6 April 2021 on the creation of the Cadre Strategique Permanent (CSP)]

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Country/entity: Mali
Azawad
Region: Africa (excl MENA)
Agreement name: Declaration [Statement signed on 6 April 2021 on the creation of the Cadre Strategique Permanent (CSP)]
Date: 6 Apr 2021
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Tuareg Wars (1962 - )
Mali-Azawad
The nomadic Tuareg in the north of Mali maintained a long-standing revolt against a government traditionally dominated by southern politicians shortly after Mali became independent from France in 1960. The uprisings focused in and around the Azawad region, north of Timbuktu. After several outbreaks of violence during the 1980s, violence peaked with the 1990 outbreak of the Tuareg Rebellion. Following an initial defeat by the Malian Armed Forces, reparations by the government of Alpha Konare included the creation of the self-governing Kidal region. Violence in 1994 died down following peace between moderates on both sides in 1995 and a negotiated peace agreement. Violence continued due to a lack of integration by combatants, but it was not until 2011 that the situation again escalated in the aftermath of the Arab Spring and the disintegration of Libya, which resulted in a heavy inflow of small arms, and the increased involvement by Algeria. In January 2012, the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA) together with several other groups took full control of the region. Disputes on how to handle the situation led to a military coup against President Touré in March 2012 that, in turn, resulted in further turmoil. The MNLA declared the independence of Azawad, but soon lost control of most of the territory to radical Islamist militias including Ansar Dine. A French intervention in January 2013 paved the way for a UN mission, which was established in April of that year. In June 2015 multiple declarations culminated in a final agreement between several Azawad-affiliated groups, including MNLA, and the government of Mali to end hostilities. However, inadequate implementation of the agreement results in continual armed confrontations between pro-government militias, Azawad-affiliated groups, dissidents of Azawad-affiliated groups, ethnically oriented groups, and increasingly since 2017, radical Islamist militias.

Niger-Aïr-Azawad
In 1990 the nomadic Tuareg in northern Niger explicitly sought greater political autonomy following decades of grievances on local political exclusion. With the first armed group Aïr and Azawad Liberation Front (FLAA) to be established in 1991, fighting between 1990 to 1995 took place largely in the Air Mountains. A short-lived truce was agreed in 1994 between the Niger Government and the Tuareg umbrella organisation Coordination of Armed Resistance (CRA), later called Organisation of Armed Resistance (ORA). Another accord was signed in April 1995 in Ouagadougou with various other Tuareg groups and some Toubou, the last signing in 1998. After ten years of relative peace, Movement of Nigeriens for Justice (MNJ) reinvigorated conflicts in 2007 following little follow up by the Nigeriene government on the signed peace agreements.
Stage: Implementation/renegotiation
Conflict nature: Inter-group
Peace process: Mali-Azawad Inter-Azawad peace process
Parties: On behalf of CAM On behalf of the Platform
Bilal Ag Acherif Fahad Ag Almahmoud
Third parties: -
Description: Agreement between the Plateforme des mouvements du 14 juin 2014 d’Alger, represented by Fahad Ag Almahmoud, and CMA, represented by its then President, Bilal Ag Acherif to create the CSP, which aims to coordinate efforts to implement the Agreement on Peace and Reconciliation in Mali

Agreement document: ML_220406_Agreement between the Plateforme des .pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF
Agreement document (original language): ML_220406_Agreement between the Plateforme des.pdf (opens in new tab)| Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: Page 1, para 9. The parties.
- Call all the forces operating in the name of the states, regional and international organizations and the signatory Movements of the Agreement for Peace to take their actions in strict compliance with the International Humanitarian Law;
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: Page 1, para 6. The parties agreed on formation of a Permanent Strategic Coalition (Cadre Stratégique Permanente (CSP)), whose aims shall be as follows:

...

2. To set common mechanism of tackling all kinds of insecurity into operation with the aim to ensure free movement of persons and their belongings ;
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: No specific mention.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: Land, property and environment→Cultural heritage→Intangible
Page 2, para 7. A temporary committee of eight (8) members was appointed in order to make CSP operational before a principal extended meeting takes place, which is planned to happen after the festive month of Ramadan.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: Page 1, para 3. Concerned about the worsening of the security and humanitarian situation exacerbated by the massacres, atrocities and abuse of the civilians;

Page 1, para 11. The parties
- Call the Transitional Government of Mali to support the CSP in its activities towards ensuring security, peace and reconciliation;
Ceasefire: Security sector→Ceasefire→General commitments
The parties:

Page 1, para 8. The parties:
- Call the International Community, the countries of Sahel and all other stakeholder of the Peacemaking process to adopt decisions to terminate attacks against the civilians ;
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: No specific mention.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: Page 1, para 2. In order to ensure continuity and consolidation of the relations between the CMA and the Platform maintained since September 2017 with the aim to promote peace and reconciliation;

Page 1, para 11. The parties
- Call the Transitional Government of Mali to support the CSP in its activities towards ensuring security, peace and reconciliation;

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: Choudhury, Lipika Majumdar Roy, Albert Barume, Aurélien Llorca, Fatma Saber (2021). "Annex 12" in Final report of the Panel of Experts on Mali established pursuant to Security Council resolution 2374 (2017)). Available online at:
https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/S_2022_595.pdf Accessed 13.03.2023.

Annex 12:

Statement signed on 6 April 2021 by Presidents of the CMA, Bilal Ag Chérif, and of the Plateforme, Fahad Al Almahmoud, on the creation of the Cadre Stratégique Permanent (CSP), after two days of meetings in Bamako on 5 and 6 April 2021;

the statement announces the appointment of a provisional board of eight members

Declaration

In order to ensure continuity and consolidation of the relations between the CMA and the Platform maintained since September 2017 with the aim to promote peace and reconciliation ;

Aware of the urgent need to reinforce and give a particularized framework to the relations in the field of coordination and collective effort in the light of the contemporary challenges and issues ;

Concerned about the worsening of the security and humanitarian situation exacerbated by the massacres, atrocities and abuse of the civilians ;

Taking into consideration the delay in implementation of the Agreement for Peace and Reconciliation produced in the course of Algiers Proceedings ;

After 2 days of negotiations taking place on 5 and 6 April 2021, the Coordination of Azawad Movements (CMA) and of the Platform of Algiers of 14 June 2014 (la Plateforme du 14 juin 2014 d’Alger) achieved a common point of view based on the shared destiny.

The parties agreed on formation of a Permanent Strategic Coalition (Cadre Stratégique Permanente (CSP)), whose aims shall be as follows:

Give a particular framework to the cooperation towards a diligent implementation of the Agreement for Peace and Reconciliation produced in the course of Algiers Proceedings ;

To set common mechanism of tackling all kinds of insecurity into operation with the aim to ensure free movement of persons and their belongings ;

To encourage and lead initiatives supporting social harmony and cohabitation of all communities ;

To effectuate an improved coherent approach in taking care of the common aspirations of the population ;

A temporary committee of eight (8) members was appointed in order to make CSP operational before a principal extended meeting takes place, which is planned to happen after the festive month of Ramadan.

The parties:

Call the International Community, the countries of Sahel and all other stakeholder of the Peacemaking process to adopt decisions to terminate attacks against the civilians ;

Call all the forces operating in the name of the states, regional and international organizations and the signatory Movements of the Agreement for Peace to take their actions in strict compliance with the International Humanitarian Law ;

Ask the states of Sahel, the International Forces and the international community to adjust their activities to the particular conditions in the region by getting the non-state stakeholders of the peace-making process involved ;

Call the Transitional Government of Mali to support the CSP in its activities towards ensuring security, peace and reconciliation ;

The CMA and the Platform ask all the other parties involved in the peacemaking process in Mali to join this solemn effort towards removing all reasons of sufferings of the people.

In Bamako, on 6 April 2021

Signed:

On behalf of CAM On behalf of the Platform

[illegible signature] [illegible signature]

Bilal Ag Acherif Fahad Ag Almahmoud