Accord de Principe de Rome

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Country/entity: Mali
Azawad
Region: Africa (excl MENA)
Agreement name: Accord de Principe de Rome
Date: 2 Feb 2022
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Mali: Dogon-Fulani and other local conflicts (2015 -)
An initially intercommunal conflict between Dogon and Fulani (known in Mali as Peulh) communities in the Mopti region in central Mali, which has strong regional and national dimensions as well. The conflict emerged in 2015 from disputes over access to natural resources and land management between traditionally sedentary agriculturalists, the Dogon community, and semi-nomadic pastoralists and traders, the Fulani community. Given the state’s failure in providing security, various communities, including the Dozo community, grouped into militias, with the umbrella group Dan Na Ambassagou (DNA) comprising Dogon local defence militias. The intercommunal violence that ensued quickly became a regional emergency crisis, as extremist groups emerging from the northern regions to gain a foothold in the region benefited from this security vacuum by reinforcing the conflict through recruiting local population. In turn, the threat of extremist attacks fed back into the establishment of local defence militias. The emergence of Malian extremists in the Mopti region has triggered the internationalization of the conflict witnessing the intervention of international security forces, main missions being a Joint Force by the G5 Sahel, United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSMA), and the French Operation Serval (SOV). Given Mali’s colonial historical relationship with France, these interventions have de facto further added to the complexities of this conflict’s drivers. Reconciliation efforts on both local and state level culminated in a ceasefire agreement in 2018. However, in the run up to the July 2018 elections the region saw an upsurge in violent clashes with civilians by communal militias, with increasing violent activities by Dozo militias. In 2019 there was a sharp increase of violent attacks by militias, militaries and extremists, with violence against civilians being most common.
Stage: Renewal
Conflict nature: Inter-group
Peace process: Mali-Azawad Inter-Azawad peace process
Parties: On behalf of
Government of Mali
Minister of Reconciliation
Colonel Major Ismaël Wagué

On behalf of
Ara Pacis Initiatives for Peace Onlus
Maria Nicoletta Gaida, Chair

On behalf of
La Plateforme du 14 juin 2014 d’Alger
(Platform of Algiers of 14 June 2014)
Hanoune Ould Ali, Chair

On behalf of
The CSP
Bilal Ag Acherif, Chair
Third parties: -
Description: Agreement between Mali government and former Tuareg and Azawadi rebel groups to renew commitment to maintain the Alger Agreement, facilitated by an Italian organisation (Ara Pacis).

Agreement document: ML_220202_Rome Agreement-in-Principle.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF
Agreement document (original language): ML_220202_Accord de principe de Rome.pdf (opens in new tab)| Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: Groups→Children/youth→Substantive
Page 1, para 1. The CSP (Cadre stratégique permanent – Permanent strategic coalition) renews its commitment to maintain the Alger Agreement and to implement it in order to open to all the signatory parties of the Agreement and to other entities (traditional authorities, women and the young) who share the same values, ideas and objectives.

Page 1, para 5. A consulting body of traditional authorities, women and the young is established within the Coalition to help form its orientation and principles.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: Page 1, para 1. The CSP (Cadre stratégique permanent – Permanent strategic coalition) renews its commitment to maintain the Alger Agreement and to implement it in order to open to all the signatory parties of the Agreement and to other entities (traditional authorities, women and the young) who share the same values, ideas and objectives.

Page 1, para 5. A consulting body of traditional authorities, women and the young is established within the Coalition to help form its orientation and principles.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): Page 1, para 4. The government supervises the activities which regard the national sovereignty. A joint mechanism shall be established among the parties for transparent financial reporting.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: Page 1, para 5. A consulting body of traditional authorities, women and the young is established within the Coalition to help form its orientation and principles.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: No specific mention.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: No specific mention.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: No specific mention.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: Page 1, para 8. CSP is pleased by the commitment of the transitional government to accompany and support all actions within the framework of stabilization and reconciliation.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: Choudhury, Lipika Majumdar Roy, Albert Barume, Aurélien Llorca, Fatma Saber (2021). "Annex 25: Rome agreement in principle" in Final report of the Panel of Experts on Mali established pursuant to Security Council resolution 2374 (2017)). Available online at:
https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/S_2022_595.pdf Accessed 13.03.2023.

Rome Agreement-in-Principle

The CSP (Cadre stratégique permanent – Permanent strategic coalition) renews its commitment to maintain the Alger Agreement and to implement it in order to open to all the signatory parties of the Agreement and to other entities (traditional authorities, women and the young) who share the same values, ideas and objectives.

In order to provide a clearer outline of its objectives, CSP appends the terms “for reconciliation, security and development”, as by-words to its final official name.

The chairmanship of the CSP, once integrated by all the parties, shall be executed in turns by entities from which it consists.

The government supervises the activities which regard the national sovereignty.

A joint mechanism shall be established among the parties for transparent financial reporting.

A consulting body of traditional authorities, women and the young is established within the Coalition to help form its orientation and principles.

A Charter declaring the values, principles and objectives of the CSP shall be drafted.

The signatory movements of the Agreement of which CSP consists remain open to resuming the dialogue between the parties to the Alger Agreement in order to this being implemented entirely and diligently.

CSP is pleased by the commitment of the transitional government to accompany and support all actions within the framework of stabilization and reconciliation.

The Government committed to take particular actions to ensure application of the Alger Agreement commencing tomorrow.

Once all the parties are integrated:

The Government takes the necessary steps vis-à-vis the partners in order to support CSP and back its financing.

The Government commits to accompany, support and finance CSP and its actions.

Signed by:

[illegible signature]

On behalf of On behalf of

Government of Mali Ara Pacis Initiatives for Peace Onlus

Minister of Reconciliation Maria Nicoletta Gaida, Chair

Colonel Major Ismaël Wagué [illegible signature]

____________________________ ___________________________

On behalf of On behalf of

La Plateforme du 14 juin 2014 d’Alger

(Platform of Algiers of 14 June 2014) The CSP

Hanoune Ould Ali, Chair Bilal Ag Acherif, Chair

[illegible signature] [illegible signature]

____________________________ ____________________________