Trilateral Statement of the leaders of Azerbaijan, Russian Federation and Armenia

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Country/entity: Armenia
Azerbaijan
Nagorno-Karabakh
Region: Europe and Eurasia
Agreement name: Trilateral Statement of the leaders of Azerbaijan, Russian Federation and Armenia
Date: 31 Oct 2022
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Interstate/interstate conflict
Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict (1991 - )
The territory of Nagorno-Karabakh has been a long-standing object of dispute between Armenia and Azerbaijan. During the existence of USSR, the territory was assigned to Azerbaijan, starting in 1921. After decades of disagreements over the status of Nagorno-Karabakh, and in the wake of Gorbachev’s policies of political openness, the protests by Armenians in the region escalated into violent conflict in 1990, exacerbated by the central government’s inability to control the republics as the USSR itself was on the verge of collapse. The Autonomous Region (Oblast) of Nagorno-Karabakh (NKAO) proclaimed independence from Azerbaijan in 1991, after the Parliament of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic voted to abolish the Oblast. The territory itself is populated by ethnic Armenians, but surrounded by territories with an Azeri majority. The territory proclaimed independence, with the support of Armenia, and incorporating the areas that surround it, but has never gained international recognition and remains a de jure part of Azerbaijan. The violence intensified , leading to an estimated overall death toll of 30 000 After several attempts at mediation, the opposing sides agreed to a ceasefire in May 1994, but the situation has not been resolved to date and the violence had briefly resumed in the spring of 2016. The initial ceasefire in 1994 was the outcome of the so-called “Minsk process”, overseen by OSCE, with the participation of Russia, France, and the US.
Stage: Implementation/renegotiation
Conflict nature: Territory
Peace process: Armenia-Azerbaijan-Nagorno Karabakh: OSCE Minsk Process
Parties: Page 2. President of the Republic of Azerbaijan I. G. Alityev.
Prime Minister of the Republic of Armenia, N. V. Pashinyan.
Third parties: Page 2. Agreement witnessed by: President of the Russian Federation, V. V. Putin.
Description: Agreement reaffirming commitment to implement previous tri-lateral statements, including ceasefire.

Agreement document: AM_AZ_221031_Trilateral Statement of the leaders of Azerbaijan, Russian.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF
Agreement document (original language): AM_AZ_221031_Trilateral Statement of the leaders of Azerbaijan, Russian.pdf (opens in new tab)| Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): Page 1, para 4. [We] agreed to refrain from the use of force or the threat of its use, to discuss and resolve all problematic issues solely on the basis of mutual recognition of sovereignty, territorial integrity and inviolability of borders in accordance with the UN Charter and the Alma-Ata Declaration of 1991.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: Socio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Humanitarian assistance
Page 1, para 2. [We] reaffirmed our commitment to strict observance of all these agreements in the interests of the comprehensive normalisation of Azerbaijani-Armenian relations, ensuring peace, stability, security and sustainable economic development of the South Caucasus. We agreed to make additional efforts aimed at urgently resolving the remaining tasks, including the block of humanitarian issues.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: Page 1, para 2. [We] reaffirmed our commitment to strict observance of all these agreements in the interests of the comprehensive normalisation of Azerbaijani-Armenian relations, ensuring peace, stability, security and sustainable economic development of the South Caucasus. We agreed to make additional efforts aimed at urgently resolving the remaining tasks, including the block of humanitarian issues.

Page 1, para 3. Noting the key contribution of the Russian peacekeeping contingent ensuring security in the zone of its deployment, the relevance of its efforts to stabilize the situation in the region was emphasized.
Ceasefire: Security sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provision
Page 1, para 4. [We] agreed to refrain from the use of force or the threat of its use, to discuss and resolve all problematic issues solely on the basis of mutual recognition of sovereignty, territorial integrity and inviolability of borders in accordance with the UN Charter and the Alma-Ata Declaration of 1991.

Ceasefire renewal from previous agreements, does not specify date and time on which ceasefire begins, whether the ceasefire is temporary or permanent.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: No specific mention.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: Page 2. President of the Russian Federation, V. V. Putin.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: Page 1, para 3. Noting the key contribution of the Russian peacekeeping contingent ensuring security in the zone of its deployment, the relevance of its efforts to stabilize the situation in the region was emphasized.
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: Nagorno Karabakh Observer. 2022. UPDATE -Text and facts from the trilateral meeting hosted by #Russia with the Heads of State of #Armenia and #Azerbaijan.
Available online at: https://twitter.com/NKobserver/status/1587267202369179649. Accessed 28th November 2022.

DECLARATION

President of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Prime-Minister of the Republic of Armenia and President of the Russian Federation (Sochi, 31 October 2022)

We, the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan I.G. Aliyev, the Prime Minister of the Republic of Armenia N.V. Pashinyan and the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin, met on 31 October 2022 in Sochi and discussed the implementation of the tripartite statements of 9 November 2020,11 January and 26 November 2021.

[We] reaffirmed our commitment to strict observance of all these agreements in the interests of the comprehensive normalisation of Azerbaijani-Armenian relations, ensuring peace, stability, security and sustainable economic development of the South Caucasus.

We agreed to make additional efforts aimed at urgently resolving the remaining tasks, including the block of humanitarian issues.

Noting the key contribution of the Russian peacekeeping contingent ensuring security in the zone of its deployment, the relevance of its efforts to stabilize the situation in the region was emphasised.

[We] agreed to refrain from the use of force or the threat of its use, to discuss and resolve all problematic issues solely on the basis of mutual recognition of sovereignty, territorial integrity and inviolability of borders in accordance with the UN Charter and the Alma-Ata Declaration of 1991.

[We] stressed the importance of active preparation for the conclusion of a peace treaty between the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Republic of Armenia in order to achieve sustainable and long-term Peace in the region.

On the basis of the existing developments, it was agreed upon to continue searching for mutually acceptable solutions.

The Russian Federation will render all possible assistance to this.

The importance of creating a positive atmosphere between the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Republic of Armenia to continue the dialogue between representatives of the public, expert communities and religious leaders with Russian assistance, as well as launching trilateral... (continued on next page)

(Continued)...inter-parliamentary contacts in order to strengthen trust between the peoples of the two countries was emphasised.

The leaders of the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Republic of Armenia welcomed the readiness of the Russian Federation to continue to contribute in every possible way to the normalisation of relations between the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Republic of Armenia, ensuring stability and prosperity in the South Caucasus."

President of the

Republic of Azerbaijan

I.G. Aliyev

Prime Minister of the

Republic of Armenia

N.V. Pashinyan

President of the

Russian Federation

V. V. Putin