Final Communique – Tripartite Meeting of Ministers of External Relations Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Angola, the Democratic Republic of Congo and the Republic of Rwanda

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Country/entity: Democratic Republic of Congo
Rwanda
Region: Africa (excl MENA)
Agreement name: Final Communique – Tripartite Meeting of Ministers of External Relations Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Angola, the Democratic Republic of Congo and the Republic of Rwanda
Date: 5 Nov 2022
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Interstate/intrastate conflict(s)
Congo Civil Wars (1996 - )
The overthrow of the long-term dictator Mobutu Sese Seko by a rebel Tutsi army backed by Uganda and Rwanda in 1997 acted as a catalyst for a war with regional dimensions, mainly fought in the eastern Kivu provinces. The conflict escalated in 1998, when President Laurent Kabila, then backed by Zimbabwean and Angolan troops, ordered Rwanda and Uganda to leave. After Kabila’s assassination in 2001, his son Joseph took over the presidency and won in the 2006 democratic elections.

In the eastern provinces, Tutsi-led militias, mainly organised in the National Congress for the Defense of the People (CNDP), fought the remnants of the Rwandan Hutu force FDLR, with further involvement of Rwandan and Ugandan troops. Other regionally operating militia groups, like the Lord’s Resistance Army from Northern Uganda, the so-called Mai Mai groups or short-lived guerrilla outfits like the March 23 Movement (M23) further contributed, and still contribute, to the complexity of the situation in eastern DRC.
Stage: Implementation/renegotiation
Conflict nature: Government/territory
Peace process: DRC: Angola-led process for Eastern DRC
Parties: On behalf of the Democratic Republic of Congo
H.E. Christophe LUTUNDULA APALA Pen’APALA,
Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs

On behalf of the Republic of Rwanda
H.E. Vincent BIRUTA,
Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation
Third parties: On behalf of the Republic of Angola (providing mediation)
H.E. the Ambassador Téte António, the Minister of International Relations of the Republic of Angola and current Chair of the Regional Interministerial Committee of the International of the CIRGL [International Conference on the Great Lakes Region]
Description: In this short agreement, the foreign affairs ministers of DRC and Rwanda, supported by their Angolan counterpart, agree to continue with the implementation of the previously agreed measures to resolve the problem of cross-border activities of armed groups (primarily referring to M23).

Agreement document: CD_221105_Final Communique – Tripartite Meeting of Ministers of External Relations Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Angola, the Democratic Republic of Congo and the Republic of Rwanda.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF
Agreement document (original language): CD_221105_Final Communique – Tripartite Meeting of Ministers of External RelationsForeign Affairs of the Republic of Angola, the Democratic Republic of Congo and the Republic of Rwanda.pdf (opens in new tab)| Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: No specific mention.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: No specific mention.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: Page 1:
6. The Heads of the Intelligence Services shall run discussions in order to implement the content of Para 5.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: No specific mention.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: Page 2:
On behalf of the Republic of Angola (providing mediation)
H.E. the Ambassador Téte António, the Minister of International Relations of the Republic of Angola and current Chair of the Regional Interministerial Committee of the International of the CIRGL [International Conference on the Great Lakes Region]
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: https://lephareonline.net/2022/11/07/feuille-de-route-de-luanda-kigali-ne-rassure-pas-kinshasa/
https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/202211070645.html
https://minbane.wordpress.com/2022/11/06/https-wp-me-p1xtjg-n8s/
(Accessed on 21/3/2023)

FINAL COMMUNIQUÉ

TRILATERAL GATHERING OF THE MINISTERS OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS/FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF THE REPUBLIC OF ANGOLA, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO AND REPUBLIC OF RWANDA

Following the invitation of the Government of the Republic of Angola, a trilateral gathering of the Ministers of Foreign Affairs/International Relations of the Republic of Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo and Republic of Rwanda took place in Luanda in the seat of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs on 5 November 20022.

This gathering was a part of the mediation framework of the Republic of Angola, which seeks, firstly, improvement of the bilateral relations which have worsened in reaction to the worsening of the security situation in the east of the RDC and, secondly, restoration of the atmosphere of trust between the two states.

This event took place under the mediation of His Excellency the Ambassador Téte António, the Minister of International Relations of the Republic of Angola and current Chair of the Regional Interministerial Committee of the International Conference on the Region of the Grand Lakes (CIRGL) and with participation of His Excellency Christophe Lutundula Apala Pen’Apala, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Democratic Republic of Congo and His Excellency Vincent Biruta, Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of the Republic of Rwanda.

Before the Trilateral gathering of the ministers, His Excellency João Manuel Gonçalves Lourenço, the President of the Republic of Angola and current Chair of the International Conference on the Region of the Grand Lakes (CIRGL) granted a joint audience to the Ministers of Foreign Affairs/International Relations of the Republic of Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo and Republic of Rwanda.

The overall purpose of the trilateral gathering of the Ministers, preceded by the Common Gathering of the External Intelligence Services and Military Security, was to restart a dialogue between the authorities of the Democratic Republic of Congo and Republic of Rwanda and resume the process of implementation of the Luanda Roadmap from 6 July 2022.

As the outcome of those works, the ministers have agreed on the following:

Maintenance of the political dialogue between the authorities of the Democratic Republic of Congo and Republic of Rwanda as means of resolving the political crisis between the two fraternal countries.

Outline of a timetable in order to speed up the implementation of the above mentioned Roadmap and the commitments taken on by the parties in the course of the Gathering of the Permanent Mixed Commission between the Democratic Republic of Congo and Republic of Rwanda, which took place in Luanda on 20 and 21 July 2022.

Immediate deployment of the Ad-Hoc Verification Mechanism in Goma, RDC.

The Heads of the Intelligence Services shall run discussions in order to implement the content of Para 5.

The Ministers have committed to exert effort to secure promising development in the field and prepare a further trilateral gathering.

The trilateral gathering foresaw that coordination gatherings will take place at all levels in the course of the Luanda Process and Nairobi Process and asks for the mediation taking the necessary contacts for this.

The Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the Democratic Republic of Congo and Republic of Rwanda expressed their thanks to the Angolan Government and people.

They have expressed specific gratitude to His Excellency João Manuel Gonçalves Lourenço, the President of the Republic of Angola and current Chair of the CIRGL for his time and involvement.

They handed him over a message of their counterparts from the RDC and Rwanda which restored their confidence in the mediation.

In Luanda, on 5 November 2022

On behalf of the Democratic Republic of Congo On behalf of the Republic of Rwanda

[illegible signature] [illegible signature]

H.E. Christophe LUTUNDULA APALA Pen’APALA, H.E. Vincent BIRUTA,

Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affaires Minister of Foreign Affaires and International Cooperation

On behalf of the Republic of Angola (providing mediation)

[illegible signature]

H.E. the Ambassador Téte António, the Minister of International Relations of the Republic of Angola and current Chair of the Regional Interministerial Committee of the International of the CIRGL