Accord for National Peace and Reconciliation

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Country/entity: Mozambique
Region: Africa (excl MENA)
Agreement name: Accord for National Peace and Reconciliation
Date: 6 Aug 2019
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Mozambique Civil War (1976 – 1992) and RENAMO Insurgency (2012 – )
The Mozambique conflict has roots in the independence movement launched by the Mozambique Liberation Front (FRELIMO) (est. 1962) against Portuguese colonization. Despite the insurgency, independence only came a year after a military coup d’état in Lisbon overthrew the longstanding ‘Estado Novo’ dictatorship. Nonetheless, FRELIMO installed itself as the ruling party and officially became a Marxist-Leninist party in 1977. Fierce fighting broke out in the Cold War context, between the FRELIMO, supported by the Soviet Bloc, and the anti-Communist Mozambique National Resistance (RENAMO) movement, which received funding from neighbouring ‘white’ regimes in Rhodesia and later on, South Africa. After the death of President Somaro Moises Machel in a plane crash in 1986, the presidency passed to Joaquim Alberto Chissano who encouraged political pluralism, particularly following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1989. Following the Rome Peace Accords in 1992, FRELIMO won the country’s first multi-party election in 1994.

Political tensions began to rise after the 2002 presidential elections, which RENAMO argued were fraudulent. These continued until a low-level outbreak of violence by RENAMO fighters targeting police and economic infrastructure. A new peace accord was signed between RENAMO and FRELIMO in September 2014, but RENAMO’s later refusal to accept the terms of the 2014 Presidential election, as well as government difficulties in disarming RENAMO fighters led to a breakdown of the accord in August 2015. Since then, clashes have renewed between the two parties.
Stage: Framework/substantive - partial
Conflict nature: Government/territory
Peace process: Mozambique process - recent
Parties: For the Government of Mozambique
[Signature]
Filipe Jacinto Nyusi
President of the Republic of Mozambique

For the Renamo Party
[Signature]
Ossufo Momade
President of Renamo
Third parties: Witnessed by:

[Signature]
Hage Gottfried Geingob
President of the Republic of Namibia and Acting President of SADC

[Signature]
Paul Kagame
President of the Republic of Rwanda

[Signature]
Joaquim Alberto Chissano
Former President of the Republic of Mozambique

[Signature]
Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete
Former President of the United Republic of Tanzania

[Signature]
Mirko Manzoni
Ambassador of Switzerland in the Republic of Mozambique and President of the Contact Group

[Signature]
Matteo Maria Zuppi
Representative of the Community of Sant’ Egidio
Description: This agreement commits both parties to a comprehensive peace process, including the full disarmament, demobilization, and socio-economic reintegration of Renamo's armed elements and their incorporation into the Mozambican Armed Defence Forces and Police, underpinned by a shared commitment to dialogue, decentralization, and the observance of democratic principles. The Accord is supported by international witnesses and a structured implementation framework involving the United Nations Secretary-General's Personal Envoy, the Contact Group, and a Basket Fund to facilitate and support its execution, highlighting the international community's role in ensuring its success.

Agreement document: MZ_190806_Accord for National Peace and Reconciliation.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF
Agreement document (original language): MZ_190806_Acordo De Paz E Reconciliacao Nacional.pdf (opens in new tab)| Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: Governance→Constitution→Constitutional reform/making
Preamble
...
In recognition of the agreements achieved, through conversation, regarding the agenda on the Decentralisation and on Military Affairs that led to the specific amendment of the Constitution of the Republic, ratified by the Law n. 1/2018 of 12 June, and to the signing of the Agreement on the Definitive Cessation of Military Hostilities.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: Preamble
...
Guided by observance of the principles of the Democratic State under the Rule of Law and in compliance with Human Rights, hereby agree that:
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: No specific mention.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: Implementation Structures of the Accord for Peace and Reconciliation
...
1. The Board comprises:
...
VI. Basket Fund to Support the Implementation of the Accord
The Basket Fund to Support the Implementation of the Accord for Peace and Reconciliation of Maputo is created, to which shall be channelled all support by the International Community to the process of Peace and Reconciliation.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: Security sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provision
Preamble
...
In recognition of the agreements achieved, through conversation, regarding the agenda on the Decentralisation and on Military Affairs that led to the specific amendment of the Constitution of the Republic, ratified by the Law n. 1/2018 of 12 June, and to the signing of the Agreement on the Definitive Cessation of Military Hostilities.
...
I. The Parties accept as mandatory and binding the documents attached hereto, which are an integral part of this Accord, namely:
a. Agreement on the Definitive Cessation of Military Hostilities;
Security sector→Ceasefire→General commitments
Preamble
...
Committed to ending all military-political hostilities;
Police: Preamble
...
Determined to fully implement the referred agreements, mainly the compliance with the legislative package on decentralisation, the full Disarmament, Demobilisation, and subsequent socio-economic Reintegration of the armed elements within Renamo as well as the incorporation of part thereof in the Mozambique Armed Defence Forces and in the Police of the Republic of Mozambique.
Armed forces: Preamble
...
Determined to fully implement the referred agreements, mainly the compliance with the legislative package on decentralisation, the full Disarmament, Demobilisation, and subsequent socio-economic Reintegration of the armed elements within Renamo as well as the incorporation of part thereof in the Mozambique Armed Defence Forces and in the Police of the Republic of Mozambique.
DDR: Security sector→DDR→DDR programmes
Preamble
...
Determined to fully implement the referred agreements, mainly the compliance with the legislative package on decentralisation, the full Disarmament, Demobilisation, and subsequent socio-economic Reintegration of the armed elements within Renamo as well as the incorporation of part thereof in the Mozambique Armed Defence Forces and in the Police of the Republic of Mozambique.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: Preamble
...
Determined to fully implement the referred agreements, mainly the compliance with the legislative package on decentralisation, the full Disarmament, Demobilisation, and subsequent socio-economic Reintegration of the armed elements within Renamo as well as the incorporation of part thereof in the Mozambique Armed Defence Forces and in the Police of the Republic of Mozambique.
...
Implementation Structures of the Accord for Peace and Reconciliation
I. The signatories:
The signatories, namely, His Excellency Filipe Jacinto Nyusi, President of the Republic of Mozambique, and His Excellency Ossufo Momade, President of Renamo, are responsible for the political leadership and supervision of the implementation of the Accord.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: II. The present Accord is implemented with the support of the international community, in accordance with the implementation structures stipulated in the attached document.
...
Mirko Manzoni
Ambassador of Switzerland in the Republic of Mozambique and President of the Contact Group
Other international signatory: II. The present Accord is implemented with the support of the international community, in accordance with the implementation structures stipulated in the attached document.
...
Hage Gottfried Geingob
President of the Republic of Namibia and Acting President of SADC
...
Paul Kagame
President of the Republic of Rwanda
...
Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete
Former President of the United Republic of Tanzania
...
Mirko Manzoni
Ambassador of Switzerland in the Republic of Mozambique and President of the Contact Group
...
Matteo Maria Zuppi
Representative of the Community of Sant’ Egidio
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: No specific mention.

ACCORD FOR NATIONAL PEACE AND RECONCILIATION

Preamble

His Excellency Filipe Jacinto Nyusi, President of the Republic of Mozambique, and His Excellency Ossufo Momade, President of Renamo,

Committed to achieving and keeping the lasting and effective peace in the Republic of Mozambique;

Aware of the legitimate aspirations of the People of Mozambique to live in a peaceful and harmonious environment as a pre-condition for the socio-political development, progress, and well-being of everyone;

Decided to consolidate the national reconciliation, giving primacy to permanent dialogue as a means of conflict resolution;

In recognition of the agreements achieved, through conversation, regarding the agenda on the Decentralisation and on Military Affairs that led to the specific amendment of the Constitution of the Republic, ratified by the Law n. 1/2018 of 12 June, and to the signing of the Agreement on the Definitive Cessation of Military Hostilities.

Determined to fully implement the referred agreements, mainly the compliance with the legislative package on decentralisation, the full Disarmament, Demobilisation, and subsequent socio-economic Reintegration of the armed elements within Renamo as well as the incorporation of part thereof in the Mozambique Armed Defence Forces and in the Police of the Republic of Mozambique.

Committed to ending all military-political hostilities;

Guided by observance of the principles of the Democratic State under the Rule of Law and in compliance with Human Rights, hereby agree that:

I. The Parties accept as mandatory and binding the documents attached hereto, which are an integral part of this Accord, namely:

a. Agreement on the Definitive Cessation of Military Hostilities;

b. Implementation Structures of the Accord of Peace and Reconciliation.

II. The present Accord is implemented with the support of the international community, in accordance with the implementation structures stipulated in the attached document.

The present Accord for Peace and National Reconciliation enters into force on the date of its signature.

Maputo, 6 August 2019

For the Government of Mozambique

[Signature]

Filipe Jacinto Nyusi

President of the Republic of Mozambique

For the Renamo Party

[Signature]

Ossufo Momade

President of Renamo

Witnessed by:

[Signature]

Hage Gottfried Geingob

President of the Republic of Namibia and Acting President of SADC

[Signature]

Paul Kagame

President of the Republic of Rwanda

[Signature]

Joaquim Alberto Chissano

Former President of the Republic of Mozambique

[Signature]

Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete

Former President of the United Republic of Tanzania

[Signature]

Mirko Manzoni

Ambassador of Switzerland in the Republic of Mozambique and President of the Contact Group

[Signature]

Matteo Maria Zuppi

Representative of the Community of Sant’ Egidio

Implementation Structures of the Accord for Peace and Reconciliation

I. The signatories:

The signatories, namely, His Excellency Filipe Jacinto Nyusi, President of the Republic of Mozambique, and His Excellency Ossufo Momade, President of Renamo, are responsible for the political leadership and supervision of the implementation of the Accord.

II. Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General of the United Nations

The Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General of the United Nations and Ambassador of Switzerland in Mozambique, Mirko Manzoni, is responsible for facilitating the dialogue between the Government of Mozambique and Renamo, as well as the implementation of the Accord.

III. Contact Group

1. The Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General of the United Nations, Mirko Manzoni, is the President of the Contact Group, previously established.

2. The Contact Group is incumbent of:

a) encouraging the parties to dialogue in order to fully implement the Accord;

and

b) assisting the parties in the mobilisation of resources and supports for the successful implementation of the Accord;

IV. Secretariat

1. The Secretariat is an autonomous unit with the mission of providing technical and administrative support, aiding the Parties in the implementation of the Accord;

2. The Secretariat must also provide logistic support in the whole process as well as manage the Basket Fund to Support the Implementation of the Agreement..

V. Board

1. The Board comprises:

a) The Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General of the United Nations;

b) One representative of UNOPS (United Nations Office for Project Services);

and

c) One representative of the donors.

VI. Basket Fund to Support the Implementation of the Accord

The Basket Fund to Support the Implementation of the Accord for Peace and Reconciliation of Maputo is created, to which shall be channelled all support by the International Community to the process of Peace and Reconciliation.