Accord des Retour Voluntaire des DPIs des Koui

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Country/entity: Central African Republic
Region: Africa (excl MENA)
Agreement name: Accord des Retour Voluntaire des DPIs des Koui
Date: 3 Oct 2018
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/local conflict
Central African Republic Conflicts (1996 - )
The Central African Republic conflict is one of a set of regionally connected conflicts addressed by the African Great Lakes process. After the country gained independence from France in 1960 it has been ruled by a sequence of autocratic leaders that principally gained power through coups. Since the mid-1990s several waves of internal conflict took place in the Central African Republic, primarily along tribal, and later-on increasingly sectarian, lines. In 1996 and 1997, French troops and soldiers from neighbouring countries intervened to end a mutiny in the capital, Bangui, by factions of the army. The fighting was predominantly along tribal lines, with southern tribes in revolt against the ‘northern’ government. A UN mission was installed in 1998 to secure the truce.
After General Bozizé took control of the country after several coup attempts in 2003, a ‘bush war’ began led by armed opposition forces. From late 2006 onward, government troops with French military support severely weakened the rebels. Following this, a number of agreements were signed during 2007-2008, but not all factions have accepted them. In 2011, Bozizé was re-elected in supposedly fraudulent elections, which resulted in a new wave of uprisings. Séléka, an alliance of northern rebel groups, took over parts of the country and forced Bozizé to agree to a power-sharing deal. However, after this agreement broke down, Séléka took control of Bangui and Bozizé had to flee the country in 2013. Leader of Séléka, Michel Djotodia, took office and officially disbanded Séléka. However, continual violence between ex-Séléka groups and opposing militias, collectively known as ‘anti-balaka’, persisted and Djotodia was forced to resign less than a year later. Catherine Samba-Panza was installed as interim president until Faustin Archange Touadéra was elected in January 2016. In February 2019 an agreement was signed between the government and fourteen armed groups, including ex-Seleka groups, committed to disarmament. However, violence between ex-Seleka groups and anti-balaka continues.
Stage: Framework/substantive - partial
Conflict nature: Inter-group
Peace process: CAR: Local Processes
Parties: For the 3R, Mr. Sidiki Abassi

For the Anti-Balaka, Mr. Hamadou Ndale

For the DPIs [Personnes Deplacees internes], Mr Ngaibona Maxime
Third parties: Witnesses:
Mayor of the Koui CC, Mr Yaya [illegible] Daouda
Religious leaders, Imam Abassi Modibq, Pastor Nefonyam Samuel
Youth representative (Koui), Gambo Amadou
Women's representative, Ms Bangue Pauline

Representatives of civil society:
Executive president of ONG GDAP [NGO Groupement pour le Developpement Agro Pastoral], Mr Mohamadou Dahirou
President of UDAPE, Mr Bindowo Ibrahim
Description: In this agreement, the CAR armed groups active in the Koui sub-prefecture agree to take measures that would allow for safe return of internally displaced persons, by committing to refraining from violence, and ensuring free movement for people and goods in the area.

Agreement document: CF_181003_Accord des Retour Voluntaire des DPIs des Koui_Translation-1.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF
Agreement document (original language): CF_181003_Accord des Retour Voluntaire des DPIs des Koui.pdf (opens in new tab)| Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: Groups→Racial/ethnic/national group→Rhetorical
Page 1:
Aware of the fact that the responsibility for determining the destiny of our region falls on us, according to the realities of our country and based on the values of justice, rule of law, democracy, good governance, respect for people’s fundamental freedom and rights, unity and solidarity, mutual understanding and cooperation among different ethnic communities, and religious groups;
Religious groups: Groups→Religious groups→Rhetorical
Page 1:
Aware of the fact that the responsibility for determining the destiny of our region falls on us, according to the realities of our country and based on the values of justice, rule of law, democracy, good governance, respect for people’s fundamental freedom and rights, unity and solidarity, mutual understanding and cooperation among different ethnic communities, and religious groups;
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: Groups→Refugees/displaced persons→Rhetorical
Page 1:
Reaffirm our commitment to renounce violence and cattle theft, and agreeing resolutely through the present document to engage in the voluntary return of IDPs, to restore peace, cohabitation, and reconciliation for the socio-economic well-being of the population of the Koui sub-prefecture.

Page 1:
We agree to the following:

Article 1: the parties undertake to agree to the final return of IDPs to their places of origin from the date of signature of this agreement.
...
Article 4: to aid the definitive return of IDPs to their places of origin to consolidate peace, rebuilding, and social cohesion [illegible], the parties commit to:

Ensuring free movement of people and goods in the Koui sub-prefecture;
Refraining from damaging, stealing, or trespassing on private property (houses, [illegible], livestock, etc.);
Resorting to traditional local mechanisms of conflict agreements between farmers and herders.

Article 5: the parties undertake to respect and implement the provisions of the Agreement to successfully ensure the definitive return of IDPs to their respective localities.

Article 6: As soon as the agreement is signed, the parties individually and collectively must take joint measures to sensitize the populations of the Koui sub-prefecture to accepting the voluntary return of IDPs to their localities of origin.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: Page 2,
Witnesses:
...
Women's representative, Ms Bangue Pauline
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: Page 1:
Aware of the fact that the responsibility for determining the destiny of our region falls on us, according to the realities of our country and based on the values of justice, rule of law, democracy, good governance, respect for people’s fundamental freedom and rights, unity and solidarity, mutual understanding and cooperation among different ethnic communities, and religious groups;
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: Human rights and equality→Socio-economic rights→Property
Page 1:
We agree to the following:
...

Article 4: to aid the definitive return of IDPs to their places of origin to consolidate peace, rebuilding, and social cohesion [illegible], the parties commit to:

Ensuring free movement of people and goods in the Koui sub-prefecture;
Refraining from damaging, stealing, or trespassing on private property (houses, [illegible], livestock, etc.);
Resorting to traditional local mechanisms of conflict agreements between farmers and herders.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: Page 1:
Aware of the fact that the responsibility for determining the destiny of our region falls on us, according to the realities of our country and based on the values of justice, rule of law, democracy, good governance, respect for people’s fundamental freedom and rights, unity and solidarity, mutual understanding and cooperation among different ethnic communities, and religious groups;
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: Rights related issues→Media and communication→Other
Page 1:
We agree to the following:
...
Article 7: This Agreement shall be communicated to the civilian population through the media, as well as through other means of communication.
Mobility/access: Page 1:
We agree to the following:
...
Article 4: to aid the definitive return of IDPs to their places of origin to consolidate peace, rebuilding, and social cohesion [illegible], the parties commit to:

Ensuring free movement of people and goods in the Koui sub-prefecture;
Refraining from damaging, stealing, or trespassing on private property (houses, [illegible], livestock, etc.);
Resorting to traditional local mechanisms of conflict agreements between farmers and herders.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: Page 1:
We agree to the following:
...

Article 4: to aid the definitive return of IDPs to their places of origin to consolidate peace, rebuilding, and social cohesion [illegible], the parties commit to:

Ensuring free movement of people and goods in the Koui sub-prefecture;
Refraining from damaging, stealing, or trespassing on private property (houses, [illegible], livestock, etc.);
Resorting to traditional local mechanisms of conflict agreements between farmers and herders.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: Socio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Socio-economic development
Page 1:
Reaffirm our commitment to renounce violence and cattle theft, and agreeing resolutely through the present document to engage in the voluntary return of IDPs, to restore peace, cohabitation, and reconciliation for the socio-economic well-being of the population of the Koui sub-prefecture.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: Land, property and environment→Land reform/rights→Other land rights
Page 1:
We agree to the following:
...

Article 4: to aid the definitive return of IDPs to their places of origin to consolidate peace, rebuilding, and social cohesion [illegible], the parties commit to:

Ensuring free movement of people and goods in the Koui sub-prefecture;
Refraining from damaging, stealing, or trespassing on private property (houses, [illegible], livestock, etc.);
Resorting to traditional local mechanisms of conflict agreements between farmers and herders.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: No specific mention.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: No specific mention.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: Page 1,
We agree to the following:
...
Article 4: to aid the definitive return of IDPs to their places of origin to consolidate peace, rebuilding, and social cohesion [illegible], the parties commit to:

1. Ensuring free movement of people and goods in the Koui sub-prefecture;
2. Refraining from damaging, stealing, or trespassing on private property (houses, [illegible], livestock, etc.);
3. Resorting to traditional local mechanisms of conflict agreements between farmers and herders.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: Page 1:
Reaffirm our commitment to renounce violence and cattle theft, and agreeing resolutely through the present document to engage in the voluntary return of IDPs, to restore peace, cohabitation, and reconciliation for the socio-economic well-being of the population of the Koui sub-prefecture.
By signing this Agreement, we make a solemn commitment before the local administrative authorities, religious leaders, and the population, to renounce any act that goes against the respect for free movement and social cohesion in our sub-prefecture.

Page 1:
Article 6: As soon as the agreement is signed, the parties individually and collectively must take joint measures to sensitize the populations of the Koui sub-prefecture to accepting the voluntary return of IDPs to their localities of origin.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: Agreement published as annex to Letter dated 14 December 2018 from the Panel of Experts on the Central African Republic established pursuant to resolution 2399
(2018) addressed to the President of the Security Council (available at https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/s_2018_1119.pdf, Accessed on 11/5/2021)

Koui IDPs Voluntary Return Agreement - October 2018 CCTD / GDAP

Given the Agreement between the Antibalakas and 3R armed groups, signed on December 15, 2017, in Bouar;

Aware of the fact that the responsibility for determining the destiny of our region falls on us, according to the realities of our country and based on the values of justice, rule of law, democracy, good governance, respect for people’s fundamental freedom and rights, unity and solidarity, mutual understanding and cooperation among different ethnic communities, and religious groups;

Reaffirm our commitment to renounce violence and cattle theft, and agreeing resolutely through the present document to engage in the voluntary return of IDPs, to restore peace, cohabitation, and reconciliation for the socio-economic well-being of the population of the Koui sub-prefecture.

By signing this Agreement, we make a solemn commitment before the local administrative authorities, religious leaders, and the population, to renounce any act that goes against the respect for free movement and social cohesion in our sub-prefecture.

We agree to the following:

Article 1:

the parties undertake to agree to the final return of IDPs to their places of origin from the date of signature of this agreement.

Article 2:

as soon as the agreement is signed, offensive acts such as the burning of villages, the theft of livestock, attacks on civilians, and any act that may constitute a violation of the agreement must cease.

Article 3:

Under the supervision of the NGO GDAP, the parties together define with the community leaders the conditions for the [illegible] in this agreement.

Article 4:

to aid the definitive return of IDPs to their places of origin to consolidate peace, rebuilding, and social cohesion [illegible], the parties commit to:

Ensuring free movement of people and goods in the Koui sub-prefecture;

Refraining from damaging, stealing, or trespassing on private property (houses, [illegible], livestock, etc.);

Resorting to traditional local mechanisms of conflict agreements between farmers and herders.

Article 5:

the parties undertake to respect and implement the provisions of the Agreement to successfully ensure the definitive return of IDPs to their respective localities.

Article 6:

As soon as the agreement is signed, the parties individually and collectively must take joint measures to sensitize the populations of the Koui sub-prefecture to accepting the voluntary return of IDPs to their localities of origin.

Article 7:

This Agreement shall be communicated to the civilian population through the media, as well as through other means of communication.

Article 8:

this Agreement comes into force upon its signature.

Done in Degaule (Koui sub-prefecture), October 03, 2018

For the 3R, Mr. Sidiki Abassi

For the Anti-Balaka, Mr. Hamadou Ndale

For the DPIs [Personnes Deplacees internes], Mr Ngaibona Maxime

Witnesses:

Mayor of the Koui CC, Mr Yaya [illegible] Daouda

Religious leaders, Imam Abassi Modibq, Pastor Nefonyam Samuel

Youth representative (Koui), Gambo Amadou

Women's representative, Ms Bangue Pauline

Representatives of civil society:

Executive president of ONG GDAP [NGO Groupement pour le Developpement Agro Pastoral], Mr Mohamadou Dahirou

President of UDAPE, Mr Bindowo Ibrahim