Agreement between the Joint Forces and Ansar Allah

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Country/entity: Yemen
Region: Middle East and North Africa
Agreement name: Agreement between the Joint Forces and Ansar Allah
Date: 6 Feb 2021
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Yemeni Civil Wars (1994) (2011 - )
The Republic of Yemen was formed in May 1990 after the merger between the Yemeni Arab Republic (YAR) in the north and the People’s Democratic Republic of Yemen (PDRY) in the south. The unification process was rushed and the final agreement between President Ali Abdullah Saleh and President Ali Salem al-Beidh was based on the imperfect promise of equality. Following the merger, integration of the militaries and civil services was at best incomplete or at times entirely non-existent. When Saleh’s General Congress Party (GPC) allied itself with the newly created Islamist Islah (‘reform’) party in 1993, the former ruling party of South Yemen – the Yemen Socialist Party (YSP) – was effectively side-lined in the 1993 General Elections. Violence involving the use of heavy weaponry and aerial bombardment erupted in April 1994 and on the 21 May 1994 Vice President al-Beidh declared the secession of the south, citing political centralization with the northern highland tribes, violence against the YSP and economic discrimination. In the midst of fighting, negotiations in Cairo, Egypt, collapsed. The war ended with the military victory of the north, and on the 1 October 1994, Ali Abdullah Saleh was elected President.

Despite the unification of Yemen in 1990, political power during the 1990s and 2000s remained centralized with the northern highland tribes, particularly the villages from which President Ali Abdullah Saleh and his confidants stemmed. The system of clientelism established through the ruling General People’s Congress party maintained relative loyalty among the fractured political allegiances of Yemen’s traditional tribal leadership. However, diminishing oil reserves and the shrinking opportunities for access to rent increased economic and political marginalization in Yemen’s peripheral communities. The degree of regionalism of conflicts is further defined by other local grievances. In the northern governorate of Sa’dah, a backlash was provoked among the local Zaydi Shi’a against Sunni Salafist cultural incursions resulting in six wars between 2004 and 2010. In the southern governorates of Hadramawt, Shabwa, al-Dhali and Abyan, civil and military personnel forcibly retired after the 1994 Civil War began protesting and eventually formed the secessionist Southern ‘al-Hiraak’ movement in 2007. Furthermore, tribal grievances have spurred attacks on oil companies and government installations to extract rents. Various takfiri groups including al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula have also increased their presence since 1995.

The Yemen Spring in early 2011 allowed all these movements to express their joint displeasure. Moreover, factionalism in the regime split the already weak military and thus allowed the Houthis, the takfiris and tribal-based militia known as popular committees, to assert themselves militarily. Mandated by the UN-sponsored Gulf Cooperation Council Initiative, the National Dialogue held from March 2013 to January 2014 aimed at guaranteeing power-sharing among the different parties. However, the GCC Initiative only included formal political parties that did not accurately reflect political realities. Furthermore, provisions lacked adequate transitional justice and provided former-President Saleh, as well as others, full amnesty. As a result, little faith was placed in the process by formerly marginalized groups such as the Zaydi Shia Houthi rebels (Ansar Allah) and al-Hiraak who opted to increase their bargaining power vis-à-vis the state by strengthening their own territorial enclaves. In September 2014 the Houthis succeeded in capturing the capital Sana’a and gradually expanded their control southward. The subsequent UN-mediated Peace and National Partnership Agreement between transitional president Hadi and the Houthis on a federal, democratic Yemeni state, failed to be implemented as the Houthis successfully dissolved the parliament and deposed Hadi in January 2015. Following the Saudi military intervention to restore the Hadi government in March 2015, ceasefire attempts continuously failed. A two-year deadlock ensued until negotiations between the Houthis and the government of Yemen finally culminated in the Stockholm Agreement in December 2018. However, throughout 2019 the Saudi-led coalition continues to launch airstrikes. Furthermore, in May 2017 the Southern al-Hiraak movement had declared the secessionist formation of the Southern Transitional Council (STC), seizing the interim-capital Aden by January 2018. Territorial divisions between the Yemeni government, the Houthis, forces affiliated with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, local militias and tribes have continued to fracture the country.
Stage: Ceasefire/related
Conflict nature: Government/territory
Peace process: Yemen Inter-group Agreements
Parties: Forces led by Tariq Saleh and Ansar Allah (Houthis)
Third parties: The agreement provides for medical professionals witnessing the exchange of bodies

Page 2, Minutes of covenant and agreement

Receiving and delivering took place in the presence of the nurses and paramedics for both parties.
Ali Imran Dr. Bassam Oweydin Bashir Al-Sami
Responsible of martyrs
Description: Small agreement to end fighting between the Joint forces and the Houthis around Marib governorate and across towards the west coast. The agreement substantively provides for ceasing all forms of hostility, including movements or attacks across newly agreed area borders and for the exchange of information regarding and the physical handover, of martyrs.

Agreement document: YE_210206_Agreement between the Joint Forces and Ansar Allah_EN.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF
Agreement document (original language): YE_210206_Agreement between the Joint Forces and Ansar Allah_AR.pdf (opens in new tab)| Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: Rights related issues→Media and communication→Other
Page 1, Minutes of covenant and agreement

4- Continuous communication between senior liaison officers of the two sides, and in the event of hostilities erupting in any of the areas from the different battlefronts, and controlling new area, or an attack, the response will be made on the same front, and the liaison officers must stop the escalation

5- This agreement is confidential between the two parties, and no party has the right to publish it in the media.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: No specific mention.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: Page 1, Minutes of the covenant and agreement

1- Stopping all hostilities and fighting between the two sides, including infiltrations, sniping, canon and missile attacks, offensive actions, and implanting bombs.
2- A complete termination of drones, drone-ammunition drones, and dronebombs between the two sides.
3- Stopping of all [illegible] and ramparts receivables and statistics between the two sides.
Ceasefire: Security sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provision
Page 1, Minutes of covenant and agreement

It is on Saturday, 6/2/2021, in the area of Al Mahjar, the commercial crossing, and in the presence of representatives of the two sides of the conflict. It was agreed on the following
1- Stopping all hostilities and fighting between the two sides, including infiltrations, sniping, canon and missile attacks, offensive actions, and implanting bombs.
2- A complete termination of drones, drone-ammunition drones, and dronebombs between the two sides.
3- Stopping of all [illegible] and ramparts receivables and statistics between the two sides.
4- Continuous communication between senior liaison officers of the two sides, and in the event of hostilities erupting in any of the areas from the different battlefronts, and controlling new area, or an attack, the response will be made on the same front, and the liaison officers must stop the escalation.
5- This agreement is confidential between the two parties, and no party has the right to publish it in the media.
6- This is considered a covenant and an agreement between the two parties, and none of the parties has the right to break it, and whoever breaks it will be a reproach and a traitor to the covenant.
7 – It comes to force of the articles mentioned this agreement from tomorrow, Sunday [illegible] (600) on 7/2/2021.
8- Exchanging information about the locations of the remaining bodies in the confrontation areas. Within a month of the meeting, the process of handing over the corpses will be completed.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: No specific mention.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: Page 1, Minutes of covenant and agreement

8- Exchanging information about the locations of the remaining bodies in the confrontation areas. Within a month of the meeting, the process of handing over the corpses will be completed.

Page 2, Minutes of covenant and agreement

It is on Saturday, 6/2/2021 at ten in the morning in the area of al Mahjar, the commercial crossing, in the presence of: -
1- Ali Imran Houthis
2- Muhammad Al-Haimi Houthis
3- Bashir Al-Sami The Joint Forces
4- Bassam Oweydin The Joint Forces
5- Abdullah Al-Rumaili The Joint Forces
The bodies of the martyrs of the two sides of the conflict, namely Joint Forces in the West Coast and the Houthis, (12) of Houthi corpses were received by the Joint Forces, and (14) corpses of the Joint Forces were received by the Houthis. Receiving and delivering took place in the presence of the nurses and paramedics for both parties.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: https://www.alwattan.net/news/149271

https://acleddata.com/2018/07/20/who-are-the-uae-backed-forces-fighting-on-the-western-front-in-yemen/

In the Name of Allah, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful Minutes of covenant and agreement

It is on Saturday, 6/2/2021, in the area of Al Mahjar, the commercial crossing, and in the presence of representatives of the two sides of the conflict.

It was agreed on the following

1- Stopping all hostilities and fighting between the two sides, including infiltrations, sniping, canon and missile attacks, offensive actions, and implanting bombs.

2- A complete termination of drones, drone-ammunition drones, and dronebombs between the two sides.

3- Stopping of all [illegible] and ramparts receivables and statistics between the two sides.

4- Continuous communication between senior liaison officers of the two sides, and in the event of hostilities erupting in any of the areas from the different battlefronts, and controlling new area, or an attack, the response will be made on the same front, and the liaison officers must stop the escalation.

5- This agreement is confidential between the two parties, and no party has the right to publish it in the media.

6- This is considered a covenant and an agreement between the two parties, and none of the parties has the right to break it, and whoever breaks it will be a reproach and a traitor to the covenant.

7 – It comes to force of the articles mentioned this agreement from tomorrow, Sunday [illegible] (600) on 7/2/2021.

8- Exchanging information about the locations of the remaining bodies in the confrontation areas.

Within a month of the meeting, the process of handing over the corpses will be completed.

The first party The second party

Brigadier General/ Abdel-Rahman Abdel-Qader Luqman [Sig] Brigadier/ Yaser Abdul malik al Maghrini [Sig]

Colonel General / Yasser Abdel-Malik Al Maghribi [Sig] Brigadier General/ Muhammad Al-Mansour [Sig]

Colonel / Youssef Al-Noufi [Sig] Brigadier/ Faris Arik [Sig]

In the Name of Allah, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful It is on Saturday, 6/2/2021 at ten in the morning in the area of al Mahjar, the commercial crossing, in the presence of:

- 1- Ali Imran Houthis

2- Muhammad Al-Haimi Houthis

3- Bashir Al-Sami The Joint Forces

4- Bassam Oweydin The Joint Forces

5- Abdullah Al-Rumaili The Joint Forces

The bodies of the martyrs of the two sides of the conflict, namely Joint Forces in the West Coast and the Houthis, (12) of Houthi corpses were received by the Joint Forces, and (14) corpses of the Joint Forces were received by the Houthis.

Receiving and delivering took place in the presence of the nurses and paramedics for both parties.

Ali Imran Dr. Bassam Oweydin Bashir Al-Sami Responsible of martyrs