Agreement between the Government of Sudan and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement on Capacity Building and the Creation of a Joint Planning Mechanism from the Sudan Technical Meeting

Country/entity
South Sudan
Sudan
Region
Africa (excl MENA)
Agreement name
Agreement between the Government of Sudan and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement on Capacity Building and the Creation of a Joint Planning Mechanism from the Sudan Technical Meeting
Date
10 May 2003
Agreement status
Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement
Yes
Agreement/conflict level
Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Stage
Implementation/renegotiation
Conflict nature
Government/territory
Peace process
Sudanese (North-South) peace process
Parties
Cdr. Elijak Malok, for the Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Army; Hon Najeib El Kheir Abdelwahab, for The Government of the Sudan
Third parties
Dr Brian D'Silva, USAID/Observer [(apparently signs on equal basis with parties)]
Description
An agreement by the Parties that provides modalities, specifically a Joint Planning Mechanism (JPM), that will plan, prioritize, and implement capacity building programmes during the pre-interim period as determined by the Machakos Protocol of 20 July 2002. The Parties also agreed to request the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank to support the development through technical missions to Sudan.


Groups

Children/youth

No specific mention.

Disabled persons

No specific mention.

Elderly/age

No specific mention.

Migrant workers

No specific mention.

Racial/ethnic/national group

No specific mention.

Religious groups

No specific mention.

Indigenous people

No specific mention.

Other groups

No specific mention.

Refugees/displaced persons
Groups→Refugees/displaced persons→Substantive
Page 2, Capacity Building, C. Priority Areas
5. Social capital building to include strengthening civil society, community improvement and effective return and integration of displaced persons.

Page 3, Joint Planning Mechanism (JPM), H. Modalities
2. The Parties agreed that JPM should focus on the following areas for quick start/impact programming: [...]
b. Return and reintegration of displaced persons and refugees
Social class

No specific mention.


Gender

Women, girls and gender

No specific mention.

Men and boys

No specific mention.

LGBTI

No specific mention.

Family

No specific mention.


State definition

Nature of state (general)
Page 2, Capacity Building, B. Principles
2. To strengthen structures, institutions and procedures that ensures effective development, management of a transparent and accountable governance and respect for human rights.
State configuration

No specific mention.

Self determination
Page 2, Capacity Building, B. Principles
7. To optimise the use of Sudanese capabilities to promote self-reliance of the Sudanese
people.
Referendum

No specific mention.

State symbols

No specific mention.

Independence/secession

No specific mention.

Accession/unification

No specific mention.

Border delimitation

No specific mention.

Cross-border provision
Page 1, BACKGROUND: A comprehensive peace agreement will create an environment for expanded
assistance programmes for the people of Sudan. The first need will be to expand humanitarian programmes as access is gained to areas that were formerly insecure. Preparation must also begin for long-term development programmes including a new way of planning and coordinating assistance that moves away from the cross-border nature of humanitarian assistance during the civil war. [...]

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed)
Governance→Political institutions (new or reformed)→Temporary new institutions
Page 1, INTRODUCTION: At the Sudan Coordination Meeting in the Netherlands in early April 2003, the Government of Sudan (GOS) and the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement (SPLM) agreed to meet at a technical level to discuss implementation modalities related to capacity building and programme priorities for the pre-interim period. This technical meeting took place in Nairobi on May 9 and 10, 2003. The meeting was attended by the Sudanese Parties and a team of experts from the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the United Nations and the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD). The United States participated as meeting facilitator.

Page 1, BACKGROUND: [...] There is also a need for a programme that provides rapid tangible benefits to Sudanese in the first six months after a peace agreement, and for capacity building that gives the necessary support to Sudanese in their preparation for the transitional government in the Pre-interim Period. These processes must start immediately and run parallel to the ongoing peace process. The quick start/impact programme will aim to build public confidence in the ongoing process of political transition and provide tangible benefits at the community level.

Page 2, Capacity Building, B. Principles
2. To strengthen structures, institutions and procedures that ensures effective development, management of a transparent and accountable governance and respect for human rights.

Page 2, Capacity Building, C. Priority Areas
4. Governance and Public Administration to include financial and administrative systems and management, justice and rule of law.

Page 2, Capacity Building, D. Modalities
1. Programmes for capacity building should focus on immediate needs as well as the requirements of the anticipated 6-month pre-interim period.

Page 3, Joint Planning Mechanism (JPM), H. Modalities
2. The Parties agreed that JPM should focus on the following areas for quick start/impact programming: [...]
g. Governance, law and order, and human rights
Elections

No specific mention.

Electoral commission

No specific mention.

Political parties reform

No specific mention.

Civil society
Page 1, A. Preamble
1. Sudanese Ownership: The Sudanese have a natural and clear responsibility for their own development. The process of preparing for peace and the peace agreement itself should be led and owned by all Sudanese – authorities, civil society and local populations. For this to succeed, the Sudanese people should be informed about the prospects of peace and empowered to engage in preparing for and implementing the peace agreement.

Page 1, A. Preamble
4. 'Realism': Plans and programmes should be discussed with a broad spectrum of Sudanese society to ensure expectations of benefits are realistic.

Page 2, Capacity Building, B. Principles
1. To develop a Sudanese owned and led countrywide approach focusing on all levels with
special attention to war affected areas and populations.
3. To secure an effective popular participation in planning and implementation at all levels.
4. To ensure an efficient and equitable allocation and utilisation of resources by authorities, civil society and local populations to focus on poverty reduction and sustained peace.

Page 2, Capacity Building, C. Priority Areas
5. Social capital building to include strengthening civil society, community improvement and effective return and integration of displaced persons.

Page 3, Joint Planning Mechanism (JPM), H. Modalities
2. The Parties agreed that JPM should focus on the following areas for quick start/impact programming:
a. Capacity building at all levels, with special attention to the war affected areas

Page 4, Joint Planning Mechanism (JPM), I. Other Issues
c. The Parties agree to disseminate, as widely as possible, the content and implications of this agreement to Sudanese civil society, international NGO’s and other interested parties.
Traditional/religious leaders

No specific mention.

Public administration
Page 1, A. Preamble
3. Focus: The focus for both capacity building and the quick start/impact programme will be war-affected areas and populations of Sudan with particular attention on the emerging civil administration in Southern Sudan.

Page 2, Capacity Building, C. Priority Areas
3. Human resource development including essential social services.
Constitution

No specific mention.


Power sharing

Political power sharing

No specific mention.

Territorial power sharing

No specific mention.

Economic power sharing

No specific mention.

Military power sharing

No specific mention.


Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general
Page 2, Capacity Building, B. Principles
2. To strengthen structures, institutions and procedures that ensures effective development, management of a transparent and accountable governance and respect for human rights.

Page 2, Capacity Building, B. Principles
6. To promote conflict prevention and management, peace building, human rights and
sustainability.

Page 2, Capacity Building, C. Priority Areas
4. Governance and Public Administration to include financial and administrative systems and management, justice and rule of law.

Page 3, Joint Planning Mechanism (JPM), H. Modalities
2. The Parties agreed that JPM should focus on the following areas for quick start/impact programming: [...]
g. Governance, law and order, and human rights
Bill of rights/similar

No specific mention.

Treaty incorporation

No specific mention.

Civil and political rights

No specific mention.

Socio-economic rights

No specific mention.


Rights related issues

Citizenship

No specific mention.

Democracy

No specific mention.

Detention procedures

No specific mention.

Media and communication
Rights related issues→Media and communication→Media roles
Page 2, Capacity Building, D. Modalities
6. Each side will facilitate information exchange and communication through a designated focal point.

Page 3, Joint Planning Mechanism (JPM), G. JPM Structure
2. Each party will designate a focal point to act as a channel for communication and organisation of the business of the JPM.
Mobility/access

No specific mention.

Protection measures

No specific mention.

Other

No specific mention.


Rights institutions

NHRI

No specific mention.

Regional or international human rights institutions

No specific mention.


Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law

No specific mention.

State of emergency provisions

No specific mention.

Judiciary and courts
Page 2, Capacity Building, C. Priority Areas
4. Governance and Public Administration to include financial and administrative systems and management, justice and rule of law.
Prisons and detention

No specific mention.

Traditional Laws

No specific mention.


Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction
Socio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Socio-economic development
Page 1, INTRODUCTION: At the Sudan Coordination Meeting in the Netherlands in early April 2003, the Government of Sudan (GOS) and the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement (SPLM) agreed to meet at a technical level to discuss implementation modalities related to capacity building and programme priorities for the pre-interim period. This technical meeting took place in Nairobi on May 9 and 10, 2003. The meeting was attended by the Sudanese Parties and a team of experts from the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the United Nations and the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD). The United States participated as meeting facilitator.

Page 1, BACKGROUND: A comprehensive peace agreement will create an environment for expanded assistance programmes for the people of Sudan. The first need will be to expand humanitarian programmes as access is gained to areas that were formerly insecure. Preparation must also begin for long-term development programmes including a new way of planning and coordinating assistance that moves away from the cross-border nature of humanitarian assistance during the civil war. There is also a need for a programme that provides rapid tangible benefits to Sudanese in the first six months after a peace agreement, and for capacity building that gives the necessary support to Sudanese in their preparation for the transitional government in the Pre-interim Period. These processes must start immediately and run parallel to the ongoing peace process. The quick start/impact programme will aim to build public confidence in the ongoing process of political transition and provide tangible benefits at the community level.

Page 1, A. Preamble
1. Sudanese Ownership: The Sudanese have a natural and clear responsibility for their own development. The process of preparing for peace and the peace agreement itself should be led and owned by all Sudanese – authorities, civil society and local populations. For this to succeed, the Sudanese people should be informed about the prospects of peace and empowered to engage in preparing for and implementing the peace agreement.

Page 1, A. Preamble
3. Focus: The focus for both capacity building and the quick start/impact programme will be war-affected areas and populations of Sudan with particular attention on the emerging civil administration in Southern Sudan.

Page 1, A. Preamble
4. 'Realism': Plans and programmes should be discussed with a broad spectrum of Sudanese society to ensure expectations of benefits are realistic.

Page 1, A. Preamble
5. Urgency: Much must be done to make peace sustainable. Work must begin immediately on the two key aspects of capacity building and planning for the pre-interim period.

Page 2, Capacity Building, B. Principles
1. To develop a Sudanese owned and led countrywide approach focusing on all levels with
special attention to war affected areas and populations.

Page 2, Capacity Building, B. Principles
3. To secure an effective popular participation in planning and implementation at all levels.

Page 2, Capacity Building, B. Principles
4. To ensure an efficient and equitable allocation and utilisation of resources by authorities, civil society and local populations to focus on poverty reduction and sustained peace.

Page 2, Capacity Building, B. Principles
6. To promote conflict prevention and management, peace building, human rights and
sustainability.

Page 2, Capacity Building, C. Priority Areas
5. Social capital building to include strengthening civil society, community improvement and effective return and integration of displaced persons.
6. Development and economic policy, poverty reduction and economic arrangement.

Page 2, Capacity Building, D. Modalities
1. Programmes for capacity building should focus on immediate needs as well as the requirements of the anticipated 6-month pre-interim period.

Page 2, Capacity Building, D. Modalities
2. Planning and design of programmes that fit within priority areas may start immediately.

Page 2, Capacity Building, D. Modalities
5. Capacity building programmes, consistent with identified priority areas above, may be
developed and implemented individually or jointly by/with the Parties.

Page 3, Capacity Building, D. Modalities
7. Efforts should be made to mobilise resources from the donor community and international organisations to support this capacity building.

Page 3, Joint Planning Mechanism (JPM), E. Mandate
1. The GOS and SPLM have agreed to form and co-chair a Joint Planning Mechanism (JPM)
to follow-up from the meeting in Noordwijk, the Netherlands in April. The Sudanese parties may request assistance for the JPM from international organisations (UN, WB, IMF and others) and donors. The JPM will be initially facilitated by the United States acting under the auspices of the IGAD Partners Forum.

Page 3, Joint Planning Mechanism (JPM), F. Terms of Reference for the JPM during the pre-interim period:
- To assist the two parties to a) assess needs, b) develop priorities and c) draw-up action plans for implementation
- To coordinate and present the common plan containing the priorities so identified by the two parties
- Monitor, review and report on the planning and implementation of the quick start/impact programme


Page 3, Joint Planning Mechanism (JPM), H. Modalities
2. The Parties agreed that JPM should focus on the following areas for quick start/impact programming:
c. Economic development, including development of small scale enterprises
e. Rehabilitation of basic services: health, education (including HIV/AIDS awareness
and prevention), water and sanitation and food security
h. Welfare and social development
i. Peace culture and information


Page 4, Joint Planning Mechanism (JPM), I. Other Issues
a. The UN Resident Coordinator is encouraged to deploy available resources and facilities of the United Nations System to provide practical support to the Sudanese Parties to enable them to implement this agreement.
Socio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Humanitarian assistance
Page 1, BACKGROUND: A comprehensive peace agreement will create an environment for expanded assistance programmes for the people of Sudan. The first need will be to expand humanitarian programmes as access is gained to areas that were formerly insecure. Preparation must also begin for long-term development programmes including a new way of planning and coordinating assistance that moves away from the cross-border nature of humanitarian assistance during the civil war. There is also a need for a programme that provides rapid tangible benefits to Sudanese in the first six months after a peace agreement, and for capacity building that gives the necessary support to Sudanese in their preparation for the transitional government in the Pre-interim Period. These processes must start immediately and run parallel to the ongoing peace process. The quick start/impact programme will aim to build public confidence in the ongoing process of political transition and provide tangible benefits at the community level.
Socio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Infrastructure and reconstruction
Page 3, Joint Planning Mechanism (JPM), H. Modalities
2. The Parties agreed that JPM should focus on the following areas for quick start/impact programming:
d. Development of infrastructure
National economic plan

No specific mention.

Natural resources

No specific mention.

International funds
Page 2, Capacity Building, D. Modalities
3. Following agreement on scope and content of programmes between relevant parties and
implementing international organisations (UN, WB, IMF and others) the activity will
proceed.

Page 2, Capacity Building, D. Modalities
4. Implementing international organisations will keep all parties informed of progress and will abide by the principles and priority areas identified above.

Page 3, Capacity Building, D. Modalities
7. Efforts should be made to mobilise resources from the donor community and international organisations to support this capacity building.

Page 3, Joint Planning Mechanism (JPM), E. Mandate
1. The GOS and SPLM have agreed to form and co-chair a Joint Planning Mechanism (JPM)
to follow-up from the meeting in Noordwijk, the Netherlands in April. The Sudanese parties may request assistance for the JPM from international organisations (UN, WB, IMF and others) and donors. The JPM will be initially facilitated by the United States acting under the auspices of the IGAD Partners Forum.

Page 4, Joint Planning Mechanism (JPM), I. Other Issues
b. Parties requested that the IMF and WB support this agreement through technical missions to Sudan.
Business
Page 3, Joint Planning Mechanism (JPM), H. Modalities
2. The Parties agreed that JPM should focus on the following areas for quick start/impact programming: [...]
c. Economic development, including development of small scale enterprises
Taxation

No specific mention.

Banks
Socio-economic reconstruction→Banks→International finance
Page 1, INTRODUCTION: At the Sudan Coordination Meeting in the Netherlands in early April 2003, the Government of Sudan (GOS) and the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement (SPLM) agreed to meet at a technical level to discuss implementation modalities related to capacity building and programme priorities for the pre-interim period. This technical meeting took place in Nairobi on May 9 and 10, 2003. The meeting was attended by the Sudanese Parties and a team of experts from the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the United Nations and the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD). The United States participated as meeting facilitator.

Page 2, Capacity Building, D. Modalities
3. Following agreement on scope and content of programmes between relevant parties and
implementing international organisations (UN, WB, IMF and others) the activity will
proceed.

Page 3, Joint Planning Mechanism (JPM), E. Mandate
1. The GOS and SPLM have agreed to form and co-chair a Joint Planning Mechanism (JPM)
to follow-up from the meeting in Noordwijk, the Netherlands in April. The Sudanese parties may request assistance for the JPM from international organisations (UN, WB, IMF and others) and donors. The JPM will be initially facilitated by the United States acting under the auspices of the IGAD Partners Forum.

Page 4, Joint Planning Mechanism (JPM), I. Other Issues
b. Parties requested that the IMF and WB support this agreement through technical missions to Sudan.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights

No specific mention.

Pastoralist/nomadism rights

No specific mention.

Cultural heritage

No specific mention.

Environment

No specific mention.

Water or riparian rights or access

No specific mention.


Security sector

Security Guarantees

No specific mention.

Ceasefire

No specific mention.

Police

No specific mention.

Armed forces

No specific mention.

DDR
Security sector→DDR→Demilitarisation provisions
Page 3, Joint Planning Mechanism (JPM), H. Modalities
2. The Parties agreed that JPM should focus on the following areas for quick start/impact programming: [...]
j. Mine action programmes
Intelligence services

No specific mention.

Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces

No specific mention.

Withdrawal of foreign forces

No specific mention.

Corruption

No specific mention.

Crime/organised crime

No specific mention.

Drugs

No specific mention.

Terrorism

No specific mention.


Transitional justice

Transitional justice general

No specific mention.

Amnesty/pardon

No specific mention.

Courts

No specific mention.

Mechanism

No specific mention.

Prisoner release

No specific mention.

Vetting

No specific mention.

Victims

No specific mention.

Missing persons

No specific mention.

Reparations

No specific mention.

Reconciliation

No specific mention.


Implementation

UN signatory

No specific mention.

Other international signatory
Observer: Dr. Brian D’Silva, USAID/Observer
Referendum for agreement

No specific mention.

International mission/force/similar

No specific mention.

Enforcement mechanism

No specific mention.

Related cases

No specific mention.

Source
UN Peacemaker. Available at: https://peacemaker.un.org/sudan-splm-capacitybuilding2003 (Accessed 6 October 2020).

ANNEX IV.

AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF SUDAN AND THE SUDAN PEOPLE’S LIBERATION MOVEMENT ON CAPACITY BUILDING AND THE CREATION OF A JOINT PLANNING MECHANISM (JPM) FROM THE SUDAN TECHNICAL MEETING IN NAIROBI

9-10 May 2003

INTRODUCTION:

At the Sudan Coordination Meeting in the Netherlands in early April 2003, the Government of Sudan (GOS) and the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement (SPLM) agreed to meet at a technical level to discuss implementation modalities related to capacity building and programme priorities for the pre-interim period.

This technical meeting took place in Nairobi on May 9 and 10, 2003.

The meeting was attended by the Sudanese Parties and a team of experts from the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the United Nations and the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD).

The United States participated as meeting facilitator.

BACKGROUND:

A comprehensive peace agreement will create an environment for expanded assistance programmes for the people of Sudan.

The first need will be to expand humanitarian programmes as access is gained to areas that were formerly insecure.

Preparation must also begin for long-term development programmes including a new way of planning and coordinating assistance that moves away from the cross-border nature of humanitarian assistance during the civil war.

There is also a need for a programme that provides rapid tangible benefits to Sudanese in the first six months after a peace agreement, and for capacity building that gives the necessary support to Sudanese in their preparation for the transitional government in the Pre-interim Period.

These processes must start immediately and run parallel to the ongoing peace process.

The quick start/impact programme will aim to build public confidence in the ongoing process of political transition and provide tangible benefits at the community level.

A. PREAMBLE

1. Sudanese Ownership:

The Sudanese have a natural and clear responsibility for their own development.

The process of preparing for peace and the peace agreement itself should be led and owned by all Sudanese – authorities, civil society and local populations.

For this to succeed, the Sudanese people should be informed about the prospects of peace and empowered to engage in preparing for and implementing the peace agreement.

2. Sustainable Peace:

Consistent with the Machakos Protocol, the purpose of the capacity building quick start/impact programmes is to create an enabling environment for Sudanese to work together for the six year interim period.

3. Focus:

The focus for both capacity building and the quick start/impact programme will be war-affected areas and populations of Sudan with particular attention on the emerging civil administration in Southern Sudan.

4. Realism:

Plans and programmes should be discussed with a broad spectrum of Sudanese society to ensure expectations of benefits are realistic.

5. Urgency:

Much must be done to make peace sustainable.

Work must begin immediately on the two key aspects of capacity building and planning for the pre-interim period.

CAPACITY BUILDING

B. PRINCIPLES

1. To develop a Sudanese owned and led countrywide approach focusing on all levels with special attention to war affected areas and populations.

2. To strengthen structures, institutions and procedures that ensures effective development, management of a transparent and accountable governance and respect for human rights.

3. To secure an effective popular participation in planning and implementation at all levels.

4. To ensure an efficient and equitable allocation and utilisation of resources by authorities, civil society and local populations to focus on poverty reduction and sustained peace.

5. To ensure efficient delivery of services.

6. To promote conflict prevention and management, peace building, human rights and sustainability.

7. To optimise the use of Sudanese capabilities to promote self-reliance of the Sudanese people.

C. PRIORITY AREAS

1. Needs assessment including data gathering, surveys and analysis.

2. Capacity to coordinate, implement and deliver.

3. Human resource development including essential social services.

4. Governance and Public Administration to include financial and administrative systems and management, justice and rule of law.

5. Social capital building to include strengthening civil society, community improvement and effective return and integration of displaced persons.

6. Development and economic policy, poverty reduction and economic arrangement.

D. MODALITIES

1. Programmes for capacity building should focus on immediate needs as well as the requirements of the anticipated 6-month pre-interim period.

2. Planning and design of programmes that fit within priority areas may start immediately.

3. Following agreement on scope and content of programmes between relevant parties and implementing international organisations (UN, WB, IMF and others) the activity will proceed.

4. Implementing international organisations will keep all parties informed of progress and will abide by the principles and priority areas identified above.

5. Capacity building programmes, consistent with identified priority areas above, may be developed and implemented individually or jointly by/with the Parties.

6. Each side will facilitate information exchange and communication through a designated focal point.

7. Efforts should be made to mobilise resources from the donor community and international organisations to support this capacity building.

JOINT PLANNING MECHANISM (JPM)

E. MANDATE

1. The GOS and SPLM have agreed to form and co-chair a Joint Planning Mechanism (JPM) to follow-up from the meeting in Noordwijk, the Netherlands in April.

The Sudanese parties may request assistance for the JPM from international organisations (UN, WB, IMF and others) and donors.

The JPM will be initially facilitated by the United States acting under the auspices of the IGAD Partners Forum.

F. TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR THE JPM DURING THE PRE-INTERM PERIOD

- To assist the two parties to a) assess needs, b) develop priorities and c) draw-up action plans for implementation

- To assist with the harmonisation of priorities

- To coordinate and present the common plan containing the priorities so identified by the two parties

- Monitor, review and report on the planning and implementation of the quick start/impact programme

G. JPM STRUCTURE

1. The JPM will be composed of three designed core members from each of the two Parties assisted with technical experts from the UN and others as needed and agreed upon by the Parties.

This process will be initially facilitated by the United States.

The IGAD and IGAD Partners Forum will be informed about progress

2. Each party will designate a focal point to act as a channel for communication and organisation of the business of the JPM.

H. MODALITIES

1. The Parties agree that the JPM will meet in approximately one month’s time (preferably in Nairobi) to follow-up from the Sudan Technical Meeting on 9-10 May 2003 in Nairobi.

2. The Parties agreed that JPM should focus on the following areas for quick start/impact programming:

a. Capacity building at all levels, with special attention to the war affected areas

b. Return and reintegration of displaced persons and refugees

c. Economic development, including development of small scale enterprises

d. Development of infrastructure

e. Rehabilitation of basic services:

health, education (including HIV/AIDS awareness and prevention), water and sanitation and food security

f. Data collection and surveys for analysis and policy formation

g. Governance, law and order, and human rights

h. Welfare and social development

i. Peace culture and information

j. Mine action programmes

I. OTHER ISSUES

a. The UN Resident Coordinator is encouraged to deploy available resources and facilities of the United Nations System to provide practical support to the Sudanese Parties to enable them to implement this agreement.

b. Parties requested that the IMF and WB support this agreement through technical missions to Sudan.

c. The Parties agree to disseminate, as widely as possible, the content and implications of this agreement to Sudanese civil society, international NGO’s and other interested parties.

Cdr. Elijak Malok

For: The Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Army

10 May 2003

Hon Najeib El Kheir Abdelwahab

For: The Government of the Sudan

10 May 2003

Dr. Brian D’Silva, USAID/Observer

10 May 2003