Additional Agreement on the Reconciliation between the Daoussahaq and Peuhls Communities relating to the peaceful use of natural resources along the Mali-Niger border

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Country/entity: Mali
Niger
Region: Africa (excl MENA)
Agreement name: Additional Agreement on the Reconciliation between the Daoussahaq and Peuhls Communities relating to the peaceful use of natural resources along the Mali-Niger border
Date: 7 Nov 2016
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/local conflict
Mali: Dogon-Fulani and other local conflicts (2015 -)
An initially intercommunal conflict between Dogon and Fulani (known in Mali as Peulh) communities in the Mopti region in central Mali, which has strong regional and national dimensions as well. The conflict emerged in 2015 from disputes over access to natural resources and land management between traditionally sedentary agriculturalists, the Dogon community, and semi-nomadic pastoralists and traders, the Fulani community. Given the state’s failure in providing security, various communities, including the Dozo community, grouped into militias, with the umbrella group Dan Na Ambassagou (DNA) comprising Dogon local defence militias. The intercommunal violence that ensued quickly became a regional emergency crisis, as extremist groups emerging from the northern regions to gain a foothold in the region benefited from this security vacuum by reinforcing the conflict through recruiting local population. In turn, the threat of extremist attacks fed back into the establishment of local defence militias. The emergence of Malian extremists in the Mopti region has triggered the internationalization of the conflict witnessing the intervention of international security forces, main missions being a Joint Force by the G5 Sahel, United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSMA), and the French Operation Serval (SOV). Given Mali’s colonial historical relationship with France, these interventions have de facto further added to the complexities of this conflict’s drivers. Reconciliation efforts on both local and state level culminated in a ceasefire agreement in 2018. However, in the run up to the July 2018 elections the region saw an upsurge in violent clashes with civilians by communal militias, with increasing violent activities by Dozo militias. In 2019 there was a sharp increase of violent attacks by militias, militaries and extremists, with violence against civilians being most common.
Stage: Implementation/renegotiation
Conflict nature: Inter-group
Peace process: Mali Local Processes
Parties: Peulh communities of Niger
Pour la communaute Daoussahaq du Menaka (signature)
Pour la communaute Daoussahaq de Anderamboukane (signature)
Third parties: Pour les communautes temoins (signatures)
Description: This is an additional agreement that is supplemental to the Agreement between the Dawsahak community in Takatayt (Mali) and Peulh community in Niger on the peaceful exploitation of natural resources. It brings in the Daoussahaq communities of Ménaka and Andéramboukane as parties to that agreement.

Agreement document: ML_NE_161107 Additional Agreement on the Reconciliation between the Daossahaq and Peuhls communities.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF
Agreement document (original language): ML_NE_161107 Additional Agreement on the Reconciliation between the Daossahaq and Peuhls communities_fr.pdf (opens in new tab)| Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: No specific mention.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: Summary: Entire Agreement refers to the use of natural resources

Page 1, Article 1
The Daoussahaq communities of Ménaka and Andéramboukane become, from the date of signature of this additional agreement, parties to the agreement between the Daoussahaq communities of Talatayt and Peulhs relating to the peaceful use of natural resources along the Mali-Niger border, signed on May 13, 2016 in Tillabéry in Niger.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: No specific mention.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: No specific mention.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: https://www.hdcentre.org/activities/pastoral-conflict-mediation-in-sahel/
https://www.hdcentre.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Accord-Peulh-Daoussahaq-mai-2016.pdf

ADDITIONAL AGREEMENT ON THE RECONCILIATION BETWEEN THE DAOSSAHAQ AND PEUHLS COMMUNITIES RELATING TO THE PEACEFUL USE OF NATURAL RESOURCES ALONG THE MALI-NIGER BORDER

- Referring to the end of hostilities agreement signed between the Peulh communities of Niger and Daoussahaq of Mali, on December 23, 2015 in Bamako

- Referring to the content of the Agreement for Peace and National Reconciliation, Signed between the Government of the Republic of Mali and the armed groups in northern Mali, May 15 and June 20, 2015;

- Referring to the agreement signed on May 13, 2016, between the Daoussahaq communities of Taltayt / MaIi and the Peulhs of Niger facilitated by the Center for Humanitarian Dialogue "HD Mali" and under the high presidency of the Governor of Tillabery (Mr Zourkalaini Maiga) and the Governor of Ménaka (Mr. Daouda Maiga)

- Considering that, because of their importance in the implementation of the said agreement, it is necessary that the Daoussahaq communities of Ménaka and Andéramboukane become parties to the agreement signed in Tillabéry on May 13, 2016

The parties have agreed as follows:

Article 1:

The Daoussahaq communities of Ménaka and Andéramboukane become, from the date of signature of this additional agreement, parties to the agreement between the Daoussahaq communities of Talatayt and Peulhs relating to the peaceful use of natural resources along the Mali-Niger border, signed on May 13, 2016 in Tillabéry in Niger

Article 2:

The Daoussahaq communities of Ménaka and Andéramboukane recognize and accept the content of the agreement signed on May 13 in Tillabéry and commit to implementing it in full.

Article 3:

This additional agreement will be an integral part of the agreement signed in Tillabéry on May 13, 2016 between the Daoussahaq communities of Talatayt / Mali and Peulhs of Niger from its date of signature.

Article 4:

From the date of signature of the additional agreement, the global agreement will be called "AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE DAOUSSAHAQ AND PEULHS COMMUNITIES RELATING TO THE PEACEFUL USE OF NATURAL RESOURCES ALONG THE MALI-NIGER BORDER"

Article 5:

This additional agreement shall enter into force from the date of signature by the parties.

Done in Banibangou on 07/11/2016

In five Original copies, in French