Peace Charter of the communes of Alafia Doukeire and Salam

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Country/entity: Mali
Region: Africa (excl MENA)
Agreement name: Peace Charter of the communes of Alafia Doukeire and Salam
Date: 28 Jan 2018
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/local conflict
Mali: Dogon-Fulani and other local conflicts (2015 -)
An initially intercommunal conflict between Dogon and Fulani (known in Mali as Peulh) communities in the Mopti region in central Mali, which has strong regional and national dimensions as well. The conflict emerged in 2015 from disputes over access to natural resources and land management between traditionally sedentary agriculturalists, the Dogon community, and semi-nomadic pastoralists and traders, the Fulani community. Given the state’s failure in providing security, various communities, including the Dozo community, grouped into militias, with the umbrella group Dan Na Ambassagou (DNA) comprising Dogon local defence militias. The intercommunal violence that ensued quickly became a regional emergency crisis, as extremist groups emerging from the northern regions to gain a foothold in the region benefited from this security vacuum by reinforcing the conflict through recruiting local population. In turn, the threat of extremist attacks fed back into the establishment of local defence militias. The emergence of Malian extremists in the Mopti region has triggered the internationalization of the conflict witnessing the intervention of international security forces, main missions being a Joint Force by the G5 Sahel, United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSMA), and the French Operation Serval (SOV). Given Mali’s colonial historical relationship with France, these interventions have de facto further added to the complexities of this conflict’s drivers. Reconciliation efforts on both local and state level culminated in a ceasefire agreement in 2018. However, in the run up to the July 2018 elections the region saw an upsurge in violent clashes with civilians by communal militias, with increasing violent activities by Dozo militias. In 2019 there was a sharp increase of violent attacks by militias, militaries and extremists, with violence against civilians being most common.
Stage: Framework/substantive - partial
Conflict nature: Inter-group
Peace process: Mali Local Processes
Parties: Page 1, preamble:
signed by the communities concerned

Page 2, signatures:
President of the Meeting
H.E.M. Ahmed Mohamed AG Hamani
The rapporteur
Mr. Hamza L. MAIGA

Read and approved by 16 persons (signed in the French original, but signatures and names illegible)
Third parties: Page 1: signed by the communities concerned in the presence of the administrative and political authorities of the Timbuktu and Taoudénit regions.

(Note: while not mentioned in the agreement, HD Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue have been facilitating this and similar agreements in Mali)
Description: In this agreement, the two communities agree to form and fund a joint monitoring committee (with conflict-resolution and referral to courts powers) and commit to concerted management of natural resources in the area.

Agreement document: ML_180128_Peace Charter of the communes of Alafia Doukeire and Salam_tr.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF
Agreement document (original language): ML_180128_Peace Charter of the communes of Alafia Doukeire and Salam.pdf (opens in new tab)| Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: Power sharing→Political power sharing→Other proportionality
Sub-state level
Page 1:
1- The communities are committed to setting up a monitoring committee made up of local notables to settle conflicts between the different communities.
2- The signatory communities agree to make a priority of the monitoring committee any conflict between the communities.

Page 1:
6- Conflicts that cannot be resolved by the monitoring committee will be brought before the relevant state courts.
7- The monitoring committee will be made up of ten representatives from each municipality.
8- The monitoring committee will be chaired in turn by the various members.
9- The duration of the president's mandate and the frequency of meetings of the monitoring committee will be decided by the monitoring committee.

Page 2:
10- The resources for the functioning of the monitoring committee will be made up of contributions from signatory communities and donations.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: No specific mention.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: Page 1:
4- The signatory communities commit to respecting the living spaces of the other communities.
5- The signatory communities commit to managing the following natural resources in the area in a rational and concerted manner: Land, Water, Pastures.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: Land, property and environment→Land reform/rights→Other land rights
Page 1:
5 - The signatory communities commit to managing the following natural resources in the area in a rational and concerted manner: Land, Water, Pastures.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: Page 1:
5 - The signatory communities commit to managing the following natural resources in the area in a rational and concerted manner: Land, Water, Pastures.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: Page 1:
5 - The signatory communities commit to managing the following natural resources in the area in a rational and concerted manner: Land, Water, Pastures.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: No specific mention.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: No specific mention.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: HD Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue. Retrieved from https://www.hdcentre.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Charte-de-paix-des-communes-de-Alafia-Douekire-et-Salam-janvier-2018.pdf (Accessed on 12 June 2020).

CHARTER FOR THE CONSOLIDATION OF PEACE,

PREVENTION AND SETTLEMENT OF CONFLICTS, AND RATIONAL AND CONCERTED MANAGEMENT

OF NATURAL RESOURCES IN THE MUNICIPALITIES:

ALAFIA DOUKEIRE AND SALAM

On January 27 and 28, 2018, the Tintélout intercommunal meeting was held.

The meeting focused on the essential questions of:

1- Peacebuilding

2- The prevention and settlement of intra and inter-communal conflicts in the area.

3- The rational and concerted management of natural resources

The crisis that has shaken the whole country since 2012 has had harmful consequences, which have greatly disrupted the social fabric and undermined the traditional and modern social balances that have served as the foundation for the coexistence of populations.

In order to contribute to improving the situation, the Tintélout meeting decided to draw up and adopt this charter which will serve as a new social contract between the communities.

This charter is based on the traditional values of good neighborliness which are:

- Peaceful coexistence

- Tolerance

- Solidarity

- Sharing

This Charter, signed by the communities concerned in the presence of the administrative and political authorities of the Timbuktu and Taoudénit regions.

Consists of eleven (11) points:

The signatory communities agree to respect the code below:

1- The communities are committed to setting up a monitoring committee made up of local notables to settle conflicts between the different communities.

2- The signatory communities agree to make a priority of the monitoring committee any conflict between the communities.

3- The signatory communities commit to cultivating peace and harmony in the area.

4- The signatory communities commit to respecting the living spaces of the other communities.

5- The signatory communities commit to managing the following natural resources in the area in a rational and concerted manner:

Land, Water, Pastures.

6- Conflicts that cannot be resolved by the monitoring committee will be brought before the relevant state courts.

7- The monitoring committee will be made up of ten representatives from each municipality.

8- The monitoring committee will be chaired in turn by the various members.

9- The duration of the president's mandate and the frequency of meetings of the monitoring committee will be decided by the monitoring committee.

10- The resources for the functioning of the monitoring committee will be made up of contributions from signatory communities and donations.

11- The signatories of this charter commit on their honor to respect to the letter the terms and the spirit of this charter.

Tintélout January 28, 2018

President of the Meeting

H.E.M. Ahmed Mohamed AG Hamani

The rapporteur

Mr. Hamza L. MAIGA

Read and approved

APPENDICES

1. List of Alafia monitoring committee members

Last names and first names Roles

1 Yéhia H. Konta Mayor

2 Mohamed A Mohamed Hamid Leader Tintélout

3 Amadou Dicko Leader Hondoubomo

4 Housseïn Hamadoun Advisor Issafa

5 Moumine Hamadoun Diarra Advisor Issafaye Douékiré

6 Alhassane A Amar Leader Tilemedess

7 Mohamed Al A Akérantane Tagaliftnkanene

8 Amoyonte Ag Alhousseïny Advisor Dag Abzang II

9 Abdorahmane Ag Mohamed Ibrahim Councilor Dag Hamzane

10 Mohamed A Mohamed Asseleh Leader Dag Ibni

2. List of Doueékiré monitoring committee members.

Last names and first names Roles

1 Abdoulahaye Ag Mohamoudou Marabout KelAntsar

2 Ousmane Mahamoudou Iman Douékiré

3 Mohamed Yassine Marabout

4 Abeldoussamad Ag Mohamed Notable Douekiré

5 Mohamed lamin Amadaye Marabout

6 Soumana Mahamane Councilor Késsoubibi

7 YounoussouAssadou Village Leader Goussouthie

8 Boubacar Youssoufi Village Leader Babago

9 Ibrahim Amadou Advisor Katoua

10 Oumar Abocar Touré Mayor Douékiré

3. List of Salam monitoring committee members.

Last names and first names Roles

1 Sidi Mohamed Ould Khatra Leader

2 Mohamed SaleckOuld Aly Leader

3 Boubacar Sadeckould Aly Notable

4 Mohamed Ould Ibrahim Notable

5 Baba Ould Mohamed Jiddou Notable

6 Mohamed Ould N’Dahma Leader

7 Leader

8 Saleh Ag Sidi Aly

9 Jiddouna Ould Aly Leader

10 Mohamed Lamine Ould Baba Leader