Agreement "On Urgent Measures to Stop Fire and Combat Operations in the City of Grozny and on the Territory of Chechnya"

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Country/entity: Russia
Chechnya
Region: Europe and Eurasia
Agreement name: Agreement "On Urgent Measures to Stop Fire and Combat Operations in the City of Grozny and on the Territory of Chechnya"
Date: 22 Aug 1996
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Chechnya Conflicts (1991 - 2009)
The First Chechen War (1995 - 1997)
Following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, relations between the Federal Russian government with the over 100 ethnic groups deteriorated as demands for autonomy became a major political issue. In March 1992, a federation treaty was drafted and by 1994 the treaty was signed between 87 of the 88 federal jurisdictions and central government, with Chechnya being the exception. The conflict erupted in 1991 following the death of the head of the Communist Party in Grozny when a faction of the USSR’s dissolved military stormed Party Headquarters. Russian forces failed to re-take Grozny and in 1993 the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria announced its independence. Violence and discrimination preceded economic stagnation as non-Chechnens fled the region, and eventually an undeclared civil war broke out as the Chechen opposition attempted a counter-coup against the Chechen ruler Dzhokhar Dudayev. Following the dissolution of the Chechen Parliament in June 1993, a state of emergency was declared, and in December that year an other coup was attempted by the opposition. Issues of sovereignty spurred an assault by Russian troops in December 1994, marking the start of the first Chechen War wherein Russian troops faced four years of insurgency until a ceasefire was unilaterally declared in 1996. A peace treaty was signed in 1997 and Russian forces withdrew.

The Second Chechen War (1999 - 2004)
The inter-war period was marked by economic desolation, corruption and crime. Political polarization was rife, and religious extremism flourished. In August 1999, the Islamic International Brigade led by Shamil Basayev invaded the Russian Republic of Dagestan seeking to found an Islamic State, thereby sparking the Second Chechen War. In response, the Russian Federation began a bombing campaign against the Chechen government and eventually re-took Grozny. An insurgency began following the fall of the Chechen government and separatist attacks spurred an increasingly harsh response from the Kremlin. By 2006, the main separatist leaders had been killed, and the republic has been run by the pro-Russian government led by Ramzan Kadyrov since 2007.
Stage: Ceasefire/related
Conflict nature: Government/territory
Peace process: Chechnya peace process
Parties: Russian Federation, signed for by Alexander Lebed; Chechen Republic, signed for by Aslan Maskhadov
Third parties: -
Description: Agreement to end fire and combat operations and to begin to exchange all prisoners, refugees, and bodies of the dead; for warring sides to withdraw from Grozny; and the withdrawal of federal Russian troops from the Chechen Republic.

Agreement document: RU_CRI_960822_Agreement on Urgent measures to stop fire and combat operations in the city of Grozny and on the territory of Chechnya.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: Groups→Refugees/displaced persons→Substantive
Page 1, 1. To stop fire and combat operations as of 1200 on 23 August 1996 and to begin an exchange, without any preconditions and based on the “all for all” principle, of prisoners, refugees and bodies of the dead.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: No specific mention.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: Security sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provision
Page 1, 2. To carry into effect a set of mutually specified and agreed measures on the simultaneous withdrawal of troops to specified areas.

Page 1, 3. The troops shall be withdrawn together with all the arms and ammunition, with the mutual provision of information on the number and strength and arms of formations being withdrawn.

Page 1, 4. To carry out the withdrawal of all warring sides from the city of Grozny and to concurrently set up joint military commandant’s offices organized on the basis of the federal troops commandant offices.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: No specific mention.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: Page 1, 1. To stop fire and combat operations as of 1200 on 23 August 1996 and to begin an exchange, without any preconditions and based on the “all for all” principle, of prisoners, refugees and bodies of the dead.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: Page 1, 1. To stop fire and combat operations as of 1200 on 23 August 1996 and to begin an exchange, without any preconditions and based on the “all for all” principle, of prisoners, refugees and bodies of the dead.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism: Page 1, 8. The control over the observance of all the points in this agreement shall be carried out by an observer commission in correspondence with instructions of the Russian Federation Security Council secretary.

9. The withdrawal of federal troops from the territory of the Chechen Republic and the unblocking of built-up areas shall be implemented in correspondence with the Nazran agreement.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: UN Peacemaker; http://peacemaker.un.org/russia-stopfirechechnya96

Agreement “On Urgent Measures to Stop Fire and Combat Operations in the City of Grozny and on the Territory of Chechnya”

Signed by Alexander Lebed and Aslan Maskhadov on August 22, 1996

1. To stop fire and combat operations as of 1200 on 23 August 1996 and to begin an exchange, without any preconditions and based on the “all for all” principle, of prisoners, refugees and bodies of the dead.

1.2. In the event of violation of provisions of this point, the sides can take joint measures to cut short such a violation.

In other cases, they are obligated to act in conformity with the requirements of the Manual of Garrison and Guard Duties of the Russian Federation Armed Forces.

2. To carry into effect a set of mutually specified and agreed measures on the simultaneous withdrawal of troops to specified areas.

3. The troops shall be withdrawn together with all the arms and ammunition, with the mutual provision of information on the number and strength and arms of formations being withdrawn.

4. To carry out the withdrawal of all warring sides from the city of Grozny and to concurrently set up joint military commandant’s offices organized on the basis of the federal troops commandant offices.

7. The sides shall refrain from any actions or statements hampering implementation of this agreement.1

8. The control over the observance of all the points in this agreement shall be carried out by an observer commission in correspondence with instructions of the Russian Federation Security Council secretary.

9. The withdrawal of federal troops from the territory of the Chechen Republic and the unblocking of built-up areas shall be implemented in correspondence with the Nazran agreement.

1 Number corresponding to received copy.