Gambo

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Country/entity: Central African Republic
Region: Africa (excl MENA)
Agreement name: Gambo
Date: 18 Oct 2018
Agreement status: Unilateral document
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/local conflict
Central African Republic Conflicts (1996 - )
The Central African Republic conflict is one of a set of regionally connected conflicts addressed by the African Great Lakes process. After the country gained independence from France in 1960 it has been ruled by a sequence of autocratic leaders that principally gained power through coups. Since the mid-1990s several waves of internal conflict took place in the Central African Republic, primarily along tribal, and later-on increasingly sectarian, lines. In 1996 and 1997, French troops and soldiers from neighbouring countries intervened to end a mutiny in the capital, Bangui, by factions of the army. The fighting was predominantly along tribal lines, with southern tribes in revolt against the ‘northern’ government. A UN mission was installed in 1998 to secure the truce.
After General Bozizé took control of the country after several coup attempts in 2003, a ‘bush war’ began led by armed opposition forces. From late 2006 onward, government troops with French military support severely weakened the rebels. Following this, a number of agreements were signed during 2007-2008, but not all factions have accepted them. In 2011, Bozizé was re-elected in supposedly fraudulent elections, which resulted in a new wave of uprisings. Séléka, an alliance of northern rebel groups, took over parts of the country and forced Bozizé to agree to a power-sharing deal. However, after this agreement broke down, Séléka took control of Bangui and Bozizé had to flee the country in 2013. Leader of Séléka, Michel Djotodia, took office and officially disbanded Séléka. However, continual violence between ex-Séléka groups and opposing militias, collectively known as ‘anti-balaka’, persisted and Djotodia was forced to resign less than a year later. Catherine Samba-Panza was installed as interim president until Faustin Archange Touadéra was elected in January 2016. In February 2019 an agreement was signed between the government and fourteen armed groups, including ex-Seleka groups, committed to disarmament. However, violence between ex-Seleka groups and anti-balaka continues.
Stage: Framework/substantive - partial
Conflict nature: Inter-group
Peace process: CAR: Local Processes
Parties: The President of the Special Delegation
Third parties: -
Description: This agreement is a communal response to the Pombolo apology. The agreement seems to be part of a wider process to reconcile Gambo and Pombolo.

Agreement document: CF_181018_Gambo_tr.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF
Agreement document (original language): CF_181018_Gambo.pdf (opens in new tab)| Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: Groups→Children/youth→Rhetorical
Page 1
We have decided that MUNISCA should organize a round table in Bangassou and transport both of us, the leaders of Pombolo and Gambo, as well as representatives of Selekas and the autodefense groups, OFCA groups, Gambo and Pombolo youth, and Gambo and Pombolo religious groups - We have asked that this gesture of pardon take place before the officials of Bangassou.
Groups→Children/youth→Other
Page 1
The whole social stratum - local authorities, OFCA, youth, the president of the autodefense group, religious leaders etc. are pleased to receive for the first time your letter of apology - one does not forgive a second time according to the word of God.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: Groups→Religious groups→Rhetorical
Page 1
We have decided that MUNISCA should organize a round table in Bangassou and transport both of us, the leaders of Pombolo and Gambo, as well as representatives of Selekas and the autodefense groups, OFCA groups, Gambo and Pombolo youth, and Gambo and Pombolo religious groups - We have asked that this gesture of pardon take place before the officials of Bangassou.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: Page 1
The whole social stratum - local authorities, OFCA, youth, the president of the autodefense group, religious leaders etc. are pleased to receive for the first time your letter of apology - one does not forgive a second time according to the word of God.

We have decided that MUNISCA should organize a round table in Bangassou and transport both of us, the leaders of Pombolo and Gambo, as well as representatives of Selekas and the autodefense groups, OFCA groups, Gambo and Pombolo youth, and Gambo and Pombolo religious groups - We have asked that this gesture of pardon take place before the officials of Bangassou.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: No specific mention.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: No specific mention.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: Page 1
The whole social stratum - local authorities, OFCA, youth, the president of the autodefense group, religious leaders etc. are pleased to receive for the first time your letter of apology - one does not forgive a second time according to the word of God.

We have decided that MUNISCA should organize a round table in Bangassou and transport both of us, the leaders of Pombolo and Gambo, as well as representatives of Selekas and the autodefense groups, OFCA groups, Gambo and Pombolo youth, and Gambo and Pombolo religious groups - We have asked that this gesture of pardon take place before the officials of Bangassou.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: Page 1
In response to your letter asking for reconciliation, social cohesion, peace, brotherly love, and solidarity.

The whole social stratum - local authorities, OFCA, youth, the president of the autodefense group, religious leaders etc. are pleased to receive for the first time your letter of apology - one does not forgive a second time according to the word of God.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: Page 1
We have decided that MUNISCA should organize a round table in Bangassou and transport both of us, the leaders of Pombolo and Gambo, as well as representatives of Selekas and the autodefense groups, OFCA groups, Gambo and Pombolo youth, and Gambo and Pombolo religious groups - We have asked that this gesture of pardon take place before the officials of Bangassou.
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: On file with author.

Gambo, October 18, 2018

Mr Mayor of Gambo

To the mayor of Pombolo.

In response to your letter asking for reconciliation, social cohesion, peace, brotherly love, and solidarity.

The whole social stratum - local authorities, OFCA, youth, the president of the autodefense group, religious leaders etc.

are pleased to receive for the first time your letter of apology - one does not forgive a second time according to the word of God.

We have decided that MUNISCA should organize a round table in Bangassou and transport both of us, the leaders of Pombolo and Gambo, as well as representatives of Selekas and the autodefense groups, OFCA groups, Gambo and Pombolo youth, and Gambo and Pombolo religious groups - We have asked that this gesture of pardon take place before the officials of Bangassou.

Hoping that you welcome our response, we wish you well.

The President of the Special Delegation