Pacte de Non-Agression et de la Libre Circulation dans La Commune de Ndenga

Export agreement:

Export agreement coding (PDF)

Country/entity: Central African Republic
Region: Africa (excl MENA)
Agreement name: Pacte de Non-Agression et de la Libre Circulation dans La Commune de Ndenga
Date: 10 Jun 2017
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/local conflict
Central African Republic Conflicts (1996 - )
The Central African Republic conflict is one of a set of regionally connected conflicts addressed by the African Great Lakes process. After the country gained independence from France in 1960 it has been ruled by a sequence of autocratic leaders that principally gained power through coups. Since the mid-1990s several waves of internal conflict took place in the Central African Republic, primarily along tribal, and later-on increasingly sectarian, lines. In 1996 and 1997, French troops and soldiers from neighbouring countries intervened to end a mutiny in the capital, Bangui, by factions of the army. The fighting was predominantly along tribal lines, with southern tribes in revolt against the ‘northern’ government. A UN mission was installed in 1998 to secure the truce.
After General Bozizé took control of the country after several coup attempts in 2003, a ‘bush war’ began led by armed opposition forces. From late 2006 onward, government troops with French military support severely weakened the rebels. Following this, a number of agreements were signed during 2007-2008, but not all factions have accepted them. In 2011, Bozizé was re-elected in supposedly fraudulent elections, which resulted in a new wave of uprisings. Séléka, an alliance of northern rebel groups, took over parts of the country and forced Bozizé to agree to a power-sharing deal. However, after this agreement broke down, Séléka took control of Bangui and Bozizé had to flee the country in 2013. Leader of Séléka, Michel Djotodia, took office and officially disbanded Séléka. However, continual violence between ex-Séléka groups and opposing militias, collectively known as ‘anti-balaka’, persisted and Djotodia was forced to resign less than a year later. Catherine Samba-Panza was installed as interim president until Faustin Archange Touadéra was elected in January 2016. In February 2019 an agreement was signed between the government and fourteen armed groups, including ex-Seleka groups, committed to disarmament. However, violence between ex-Seleka groups and anti-balaka continues.
Stage: Framework/substantive - partial
Conflict nature: Inter-group
Peace process: CAR: Local Processes
Parties: Imam Mosque K/B - Mahamat BREME
Mairie Ndenga - BAKOUTE Marceline
Pasteur CEBI [illegible] - NGODI Noel
Maire Peuhl - BOUKAR Abdou
Substitute Deputy - ALLOUE Billy
Plateforme K/B - Mohamed SANI MHD
Curé Ndomete - NDAROUMBA Eric
Chef de Groupe - MAMADOU Justin
Commandant de zone ABLK Doukouma - TOENA Yves
Commandant de zone ABLK Anti-Balaka - NGUETEMOULE Gautier
Commandant de zone Mbiti Anti-Balaka - IMGUISSA Gustave
Anti-Balaka Commandant - PIRIMANDJA Francky
Chef ABLK Ndomete - YAMAKE Leondie
Jeunesse K/B musulmane - Mouhamadou BACHIRA
Jeunesse peuhle - Ibrahim OUMAROU
Maire Ndenga - YALIGAZA Luc
Third parties: -
Description: -

Agreement document: CF_170610_Pacte_de_Non-Agression_et_de_la_Libre_Circulation_Dans_La_Commune_de_Ndenga_tr.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF
Agreement document (original language): CF_170610_Pacte_de_Non-Agression_et_de_la_Libre_Circulation_Dans_La_Commune_de_Ndenga.pdf (opens in new tab)| Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: Groups→Children/youth→Rhetorical
Page 1,
...
Considering the unemployment rate of young people who take part in robberies and attacks that inhibit free movement;

Page 1,
...
Considering the will of the population of Ndenga: Men, women, young people, children and displaced people who wish to live together and build a lasting peace;
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: Groups→Refugees/displaced persons→Rhetorical
Page 1, Untitled preamble
...
Considering the will of the population of Ndenga: Men, women, young people, children and displaced people who wish to live together and build a lasting peace;
Groups→Refugees/displaced persons→Other
Page 1, Article 4
The displaced persons commit to ensuring that the Mbororos:
- No longer destroy farmers' fields
- No longer threaten, abuse, or are violent towards farmers
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: Page 1, Untitled preamble
...
Considering the will of the population of Ndenga: Men, women, young people, children and displaced people who wish to live together and build a lasting peace;
Men and boys: Gender→Men and boys→Gender neutral wording
Page 1, Untitled preamble
...
Considering the will of the population of Ndenga: Men, women, young people, children and displaced people who wish to live together and build a lasting peace;
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: Page 1, Untitled preamble
...
Considering that the violence, destruction of land, theft of livestock, attacks on NGOs convoys have put the population in a difficult position

Page 2, Recommendations
Given the above, we recommend the following:
...
- To the aid workers, to decentralise the aid given to the town of Ndenga
- To the NGO ACORD, to regularly check on the implementation of the Agreement signed by Ndenga, and to organise sporting and cultural events in this community
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: Power sharing→Territorial power sharing→Other
Page 2, Recommendations
Given the above, we recommend the following:
- To the Central African Government, to accelerate the DDRR process and to decentralise community resources
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: Page 1, Article 2
The Anti-balakas of Doukouma commit to dismantling their barricade in the village and to not rebuilding it.
Protection measures: Rights related issues→Protection measures→Protection of civilians
Page 1, Article 3
Ndenga's Anti-balakas commit to:
- No longer mistreating the population
Rights related issues→Protection measures→Protection of groups
Page 1, Article 3
Ndenga's Anti-balakas commit to:
- No longer attacking convoys and humanitarian vehicles

Page 1, Article 4
The displaced persons commit to ensuring that the Mbororos:
- No longer threaten, abuse, or are violent towards farmers
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: Socio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Humanitarian assistance
Page 2,
Given the above, we recommend the following:
...
To the aid workers, to decentralise the aid given to the town of Ndenga
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: Land, property and environment→Land reform/rights→Land reform and management
Page 1, Article 5
The displaced persons commit to ensuring that the Mbororos:
-No longer destroy farmers' fields
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: Summary: Agreement as a whole addresses concerns of pastoralists termed ‘farmers and breeders', who are one of the key conflict groups. Notably provides for protection measures for this farmers and breeders:

Page 1, Untitled preamble
...
•Considering that the violence, destruction of land, theft of livestock, attacks on NGOs convoys have put the population in a difficult position

Page 1, Article 3
Ndenga's Anti-balakas commit to:
- No longer stealing cattle from the Mbororos/Mbararas

Page 1, Article 4
The displaced persons commit to ensuring that the Mbororos:
- No longer destroy farmers' fields
- No longer threaten, abuse, or are violent towards farmers
Cultural heritage: Land, property and environment→Cultural heritage→Promotion
Page 2,
Given the above, we recommend the following:
...
-To the NGO ACORD, to regularly check on the implementation of the Agreement signed byNdenga, and to organise sporting and cultural events in this community
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: No specific mention.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: Security sector→DDR→Demilitarisation provisions
Page 2, Recommendations
Given the above, we recommend the following:
- To the Central African Government, to accelerate the DDRR process and to decentralise community resources
-To MINUSCA, to dismantle the barricades held by the Ex-Selekas in Nana Gribizi and todecentralize THIMO activities.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: No specific mention.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: Page 2, Recommendations
Given the above, we recommend the following:
-To MINUSCA, to dismantle the barricades held by the Ex-Selekas in Nana Gribizi and to decentralize THIMO activities.
Enforcement mechanism: Page 1, Article 6
The community commits to setting up a Joint Monitoring Committee for this Agreement

Page 1, Article 7
Any differences in the interpretation of this Agreement shall be settled amicably.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: On file with author.

NO AGRESSION AND FREE MOVEMENT IN NDENGA AGREEMENT

BETWEEN

THE INHABITANTS OF NDENGA AND THOSE DISPLACED FROM NDENGA LIVING IN

KAGA BANDORO

• Considering that the town of Ndcnga has suffered from the m#ilitary crisis that has taken place in CAR, since 2012.

• Considering that the violence, destruction of land, theft of livestock, attacks on NGOs convoys have put the population in a difficult position

• Considering that the conflict is about to begin involving farmers and breeders on one side and the gangs of Doukoma and Ndenga on the other.

• Considering the negative effects of the barricades built by the Anti-balakas in Doukouma

• Considering the uncontrollable flow into the area of Anti-balakas as well as Ex-Seleka, Mbororos farmers, and armed Mbararas groups.

• Considering the unemployment rate of young people who take part in robberies and attacks that inhibit free movement;

• Considering the will of the population of Ndenga:

Men, women, young people, children and displaced people who wish to live together and build a lasting peace;

Together as the community of Ndenga, we commit ourselves to the following:

Article 1:

The community commits to peacefully resolving any conflict in the area

Article 2:

The Anti-balakas of Doukouma commit to dismantling their barricade in the village and to not rebuilding it.

Article 3:

Ndenga's Anti-balakas commit to:

- No longer attacking convoys and humanitarian vehicles

- No longer stealing cattle from the Mbororos/Mbararas

- No longer mistreating the population

Article 4:

The displaced persons commit to ensuring that the Mbororos:

- No longer destroy farmers' fields

- No longer threaten, abuse, or are violent towards farmers

Article 5:

The community commits to denouncing all enemies of the peace

Article 6:

The community commits to setting up a Joint Monitoring Committee for this Agreement

Article 7:

Any differences in the interpretation of this Agreement shall be settled amicably.

Given the above, we recommend the following:

- To the Joint Monitoring Committee for the Agreement, to organise awareness-raising sessions that will reinforce social harmony

- To the Central African Government, to accelerate the DDRR process and to decentralise community resources

- To MINUSCA, to dismantle the barricades held by the Ex-Selekas in Nana Gribizi and to decentralize THIMO activities.

- To the aid workers, to decentralise the aid given to the town of Ndenga

- To the NGO ACORD, to regularly check on the implementation of the Agreement signed by

Ndenga, and to organise sporting and cultural events in this community

This Agreement shall be drawn up in two original copies and will come into effect from the date of signature.

Done in Ndomété, 10 June 2017

Signed by representatives of the Ndenga commune and of the displaced persons of Ndenga living in Kaga Bandoro

Signatories

No. Entity Surname and First Name Signature

1 Imam Mosque K/B Mahamat BREME [signature]

2 City Council Ndenga BAKOUTE Marceline [signature]

3 Pastor CEBI [illegible] NGODI Noel [signature]

4 Peuhl Mayor BOUKAR Abdou [signature]

5 Substitute Deputy Ndougoz ALLOUE Billy [signature]

6 K/B Platform Mohamed SANI MHD [signature]

7 Priest Ndomete NDAROUMBA Eric [signature]

8 Group Leader MAMADOU Justin [signature]

9 Zone Commander ABLK Doukouma TOENA Yves [signature]

10 Zone Commander ABLK Anti-Balaka NGUETEMOULE Gautier [signature]

11 Zone Commander Mbiti Anti-Balaka IMGUISSA Gustave [signature]

12 Anti-Balaka Commander PIRIMANDJA Francky [signature]

13 ABLK Leader Ndomete YAMAKE Leondie [signature]

14 K/B Muslim Youth Mouhamadou BACHIRA [signature]

15 Peuhl Youth Ibrahim OUMAROU [signature]

16 Ndenga Mayor YALIGAZA Luc [signature]