Pacte de Non-Agression

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Country/entity: Central African Republic
Region: Africa (excl MENA)
Agreement name: Pacte de Non-Agression
Date: 8 Jun 2016
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/local conflict
Central African Republic Conflicts (1996 - )
The Central African Republic conflict is one of a set of regionally connected conflicts addressed by the African Great Lakes process. After the country gained independence from France in 1960 it has been ruled by a sequence of autocratic leaders that principally gained power through coups. Since the mid-1990s several waves of internal conflict took place in the Central African Republic, primarily along tribal, and later-on increasingly sectarian, lines. In 1996 and 1997, French troops and soldiers from neighbouring countries intervened to end a mutiny in the capital, Bangui, by factions of the army. The fighting was predominantly along tribal lines, with southern tribes in revolt against the ‘northern’ government. A UN mission was installed in 1998 to secure the truce.
After General Bozizé took control of the country after several coup attempts in 2003, a ‘bush war’ began led by armed opposition forces. From late 2006 onward, government troops with French military support severely weakened the rebels. Following this, a number of agreements were signed during 2007-2008, but not all factions have accepted them. In 2011, Bozizé was re-elected in supposedly fraudulent elections, which resulted in a new wave of uprisings. Séléka, an alliance of northern rebel groups, took over parts of the country and forced Bozizé to agree to a power-sharing deal. However, after this agreement broke down, Séléka took control of Bangui and Bozizé had to flee the country in 2013. Leader of Séléka, Michel Djotodia, took office and officially disbanded Séléka. However, continual violence between ex-Séléka groups and opposing militias, collectively known as ‘anti-balaka’, persisted and Djotodia was forced to resign less than a year later. Catherine Samba-Panza was installed as interim president until Faustin Archange Touadéra was elected in January 2016. In February 2019 an agreement was signed between the government and fourteen armed groups, including ex-Seleka groups, committed to disarmament. However, violence between ex-Seleka groups and anti-balaka continues.
Stage: Framework/substantive - partial
Conflict nature: Inter-group
Peace process: CAR: Local Processes
Parties: Les Ex-Seleka de Mbres
MPC
FPRC
UPC

Les Anti-Balaka de Mbres
Third parties: Unnamed witnesses.
Description: Short local non-aggression agreement between rebel militia groups that agree on a common path for the return of peace and social cohesion, including the free-movement of goods ad people and the resumption of commercial activities in the town of Mbres.

Agreement document: CF_160608_Pacte_de_Non-Agression_tr.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF
Agreement document (original language): CF_160608_Pacte_de_Non-Agression.pdf (opens in new tab)| Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: Page 1, Article 1: Ideological foundation and scope
1.1. This non-aggression agreement established between the two (2) parties aims to define the path towards social cohesion and the effective return of peace through the free movement of goods and people, as well as the resumption of commercial activities in the area.

Page 1, Article 3: Commitments of the Anti-Balaka faction of Mbres
3.3 Actively collaborate in securing the country and to not impede the free movement of goods and people in localities under their government.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: No specific mention.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: Page 1, Article 1: Ideological foundation and scope
1.1. This non-aggression agreement established between the two (2) parties aims to define the path towards social cohesion and the effective return of peace through the free movement of goods and people, as well as the resumption of commercial activities in the area.

Page 1, Article 3: Commitments of the Anti-Balaka faction of Mbres
3.3 Actively collaborate in securing the country and to not impede the free movement of goods and people in localities under their government.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: No specific mention.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: No specific mention.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism: Page 2, Article 4. Disputes
4.1 Any dispute relating to the interpretation of this Non-Aggression Agreement or its implementation shall be resolved amicably or by any other method of settlement agreed upon by both parties
4.2 Any dispute addressed by either party shall be the subject of a live discussion in aim of a peaceful resolution
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: On file with author.

NON-AGGRESSION AGREEMENT

PREAMBLE

This non-aggression agreement is hereby established to regulate the peaceful coexistence of the cosignatory parties within the framework of well-defined objectives.

It is agreed upon by the below parties:

- The Ex-Seleka of Mbres (FPRC, VPC and MPC) on one side, and

- The Anti-Balaka of Mbres( Mbres / Ndomete axis) on the other.

They agree as follows:

Article 1:

Ideological foundation and scope

1.1.This non-aggression agreement established between the two (2) parties aims to define the path towards social cohesion and the effective return of peace through the free movement of goods and people, as well as the resumption of commercial activities in the area.

1.2.This agreement defines the rights and obligations of the two (2) contracting Parties for the collaboration period.

Article 2:

Commitments of the Ex-Seleka of Mbres

The Ex-Seleka of Mbres (FPRC, UPC and MPC) undertake to the best of their abilities to:

2.1. Implement sustainable solutions oriented towards the definitive resolution of the Central African crisis.

2.2. Take part in activities to encourage populations concerned to create a culture of peace, tolerance, forgiveness and to return to work.

Article 3:

Commitments of the Anti-Balaka faction of Mbres

The Anti-Balaka Faction of Mbres (Axes, Mbre, Ndomete), undertake to the best of their abilities to:

3.1. Participate in the implementation of the non-aggression agreement signed with the Ex-Seleka of Mbres and to provide their human and material support.

3.2 Assist the Ex-Seleka of Mbres in the search for ways bring peace to the country

3.3 Actively collaborate in securing the country and to not impede the free movement of goods and people in localities under their government.

Article 4.

Disputes

4.1 Any dispute relating to the interpretation of this Non-Aggression Agreement or its implementation shall be resolved amicably or by any other method of settlement agreed upon by both parties

4.2 Any dispute addressed by either party shall be the subject of a live discussion in aim of a peaceful resolution

Article 5:

Coming into force

This Agreement comes into force on the date of signature

Article 6:

Duration

This agreement is for a period of one (1) year, renewable in case of any changes.

Done in Mbres on 08/06/16

The Ex-Seleka of Mbres

MPC [signature]

FPRC [signature]

UPC [signature]

The Anti-Balakas of Mbres [signature]

Witnesses [signature]