Accord de Reconciliation Entre Les Communautés Goula et Peul (Bria Agreement)

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Country/entity: Central African Republic
Region: Africa (excl MENA)
Agreement name: Accord de Reconciliation Entre Les Communautés Goula et Peul (Bria Agreement)
Date: 3 May 2018
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/local conflict
Central African Republic Conflicts (1996 - )
The Central African Republic conflict is one of a set of regionally connected conflicts addressed by the African Great Lakes process. After the country gained independence from France in 1960 it has been ruled by a sequence of autocratic leaders that principally gained power through coups. Since the mid-1990s several waves of internal conflict took place in the Central African Republic, primarily along tribal, and later-on increasingly sectarian, lines. In 1996 and 1997, French troops and soldiers from neighbouring countries intervened to end a mutiny in the capital, Bangui, by factions of the army. The fighting was predominantly along tribal lines, with southern tribes in revolt against the ‘northern’ government. A UN mission was installed in 1998 to secure the truce.
After General Bozizé took control of the country after several coup attempts in 2003, a ‘bush war’ began led by armed opposition forces. From late 2006 onward, government troops with French military support severely weakened the rebels. Following this, a number of agreements were signed during 2007-2008, but not all factions have accepted them. In 2011, Bozizé was re-elected in supposedly fraudulent elections, which resulted in a new wave of uprisings. Séléka, an alliance of northern rebel groups, took over parts of the country and forced Bozizé to agree to a power-sharing deal. However, after this agreement broke down, Séléka took control of Bangui and Bozizé had to flee the country in 2013. Leader of Séléka, Michel Djotodia, took office and officially disbanded Séléka. However, continual violence between ex-Séléka groups and opposing militias, collectively known as ‘anti-balaka’, persisted and Djotodia was forced to resign less than a year later. Catherine Samba-Panza was installed as interim president until Faustin Archange Touadéra was elected in January 2016. In February 2019 an agreement was signed between the government and fourteen armed groups, including ex-Seleka groups, committed to disarmament. However, violence between ex-Seleka groups and anti-balaka continues.
Stage: Framework/substantive - comprehensive
Conflict nature: Inter-group
Peace process: CAR: Local Processes
Parties: Communauté Goula représentée par: le general DAMANE ZACKARIA
Maire Commune: Ouandja DEYA MODIYE
Médiateur: Cheikh Mahamat Ndjani

La Communauté Peul représenté par: Le General de Corps d'Armee DARRASSA Mahamat
Maire de Commune d'Elevage KAYA: [Illegible]
Maire de Commune d'Elevage Ourodjafoune: SEINI Maloum
Third parties: La communauté GOULA
Général OUTS ALI
Général AZOR KALITE
Général ISSA ISSAKA AUBIN
Coordinateur: ABDRAHMANE TORKACHE
Chef de Race IBRAHIM MAHAMAT
Imam: AHMAT KATRE
Chef de quartier: DAMINE ALHOUR
DOGO TIDJANI
ABAKAR BEN OUTMANE

La communauté PEUL
Général AHMAT MAHAMAT ISSA
Colonel HAMADOU TANGA
Colonel AMADOU ABDOULAYE
Chef de race AHMAT ALIOU BOBIRI
Imam: OUSMANE OUSSA
Chef de quartier: OUMAR MAHAMAT
ALADJI CHAIBOU ADAMOU
HISSEN KOURA, Coordinateur Politiaue UPC-BRIA
Description: Short agreement aimed at the reconciliation between the Goula and Peuhl communities; provides for: Restoration of peace and free movement of people and goods; Creating mutual trust; Distinction between civilian and armed groups; Resolving coflict in a peaceful manner.

Agreement document: CF_180503_Accord_de_Reconciliation_Entre_les_Communautes_Goula_et_Peul_tr.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF
Agreement document (original language): CF_180503_Accord_de_Reconciliation_Entre_les_Communautes_Goula_et_Peul.pdf (opens in new tab)| Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: Groups→Refugees/displaced persons→Rhetorical
Page 1, Preamble
This misunderstanding has led to loss of human lives, massive displacement of populations, unspeakable suffering and the undermining of all agro-pastoral and economic activities.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: Page 1, Article 1:
Both parties commit themselves to restoring peace and the free movement of people and goods in all regions.

Page 1, Article 4:
The two signatory parties commit to creating a calm and peaceful environment which allows the free passage of goods and aid workers, as well as guarantees respect and protection of the traveling farmers, agricultural areas, crops, etc.
Protection measures: Rights related issues→Protection measures→Protection of civilians
Page 1, Article 3:
The armed groups in the region must be able to distinguish between the civilian population and the military.
Rights related issues→Protection measures→Protection of groups
Page 1, Article 4:
The two signatory parties commit to creating a calm and peaceful environment which allows the free passage of goods and aid workers, as well as guarantees respect and protection of the traveling farmers, agricultural areas, crops, etc.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: No specific mention.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: Page 1, Article 1:
Both parties commit themselves to restoring peace and the free movement of people and goods in all regions

Page 1, Article 4:
The two signatory parties commit to creating a calm and peaceful environment which allows the free passage of goods and aid workers, as well as guarantees respect and protection of the traveling farmers, agricultural areas, crops, etc.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: No specific mention.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: No specific mention.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: On file with author.

PEACE AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOULA AND PEUHL COMMUNITIES

PREAMBLE

We, the Goula and Peuhl community of the Central African Republic, after several meetings, have decided to put aside any differences and disagreements that jeopardize the ability of the two (2) communities to cohabitate peacefully.

After finding that the disruption of peace in the central and northeastern regions of the central-African republic is born of the existing tension between us.

This misunderstanding has led to loss of human lives, massive displacement of populations, unspeakable suffering and the undermining of all agro-pastoral and economic activities.

Faced with this situation, the two communities agree to sign this Agreement, which aims to encourage peace, cohabitation and social cohesion between them.

Signatory Parties:

In general, the parties commit to meeting in person to negotiate in case of any dispute.

Article 1:

Both parties commit themselves to restoring peace and the free movement of people and goods in all regions.

Article 2:

The two communities commit to creating a environment of mutual trust and to avoiding any kind of suspicion of each other.

Article 3:

The armed groups in the region must be able to distinguish between the civilian population and the military.

Article 4:

The two signatory parties commit to creating a calm and peaceful environment which allows the free passage of goods and aid workers, as well as guarantees respect and protection of the traveling farmers, agricultural areas, crops, etc.

Article 5:

From now on, the two communities commit to resolving any problems between them in a peaceful manner

Article 6:

This agreement has been drawn up and signed by the two communities in order to guarantee peace and social cohesion between the signatory parties and the other communities.

Signatories:

Communauté Goula representée par:

le general DAMANE ZACKARIA [signature]

Maire Commune:

Ouandja DEYA MODIYE [signature]

Médiateur:

Cheikh Mahamat Ndjani [stamp]

La Communauté Peul representé par:

Le General de Corps d'Armée DARRASSA Mahamat [stamps]

[signature]

Maire de Commune d'Elevage KAYA:

[Illegible] [stamps]

Maire de Commune d'Elevage Ourodjafoune:

SEINI Maloum [signature]

Participants:

La communauté GOULA

General OUTS ALI [signature]

General AZOR KALITE [signature]

General ISSA ISSAKA AUBIN [signature]

Coordinateur:

ABDRAHMANE TORKACHE [stamp] [signature]

Chef de Race IBRAHIM MAHAMAT [signature]

Imam:

AHMAT KATRE [stamp] [signature]

Chef de quartier:

DAMINE ALHOUR [stamp] [signature]

DOGO TIDJANI [stamp] [signature]

ABAKAR BEN OUTMANE [stamp] [signature]

La commumauté PEUL

General AHMAT MAHAMAT ISSA [signature]

Colonel HAMADOU TANGA [signature]

Colonel AMADOU ABDOULAYE [signature]

Chef de race AHMAT ALIOU BOBIRI [stamp] [signature]

Imam:

OUSMANE OUSSA [signature]

Chef de quartier:

OUMAR MAHAMAT [signature]

ALADJI CHAIBOU ADAMOU [signature]

HISSEN KOURA, Coordinateur Politique UPC-BRIA [signature]