al-Bab Security Agreement

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Country/entity: Syria
Region: Middle East and North Africa
Agreement name: al-Bab Security Agreement
Date: 16 Jun 2017
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/local conflict
Syrian Conflicts (1948 - ) (1976 - 2005) (2011 - )
The agreements relate to three different conflict contexts. Israel-Syria and Syria-Lebanon. The Syrian-Israeli conflict was a key factor for the Syrian intervention during the Lebanese Civil War, with Syrian-backed Palestinian Liberation Army units intervened in 1976 against the Palestinian/Leftist militias. Following a massacre at Tel al-Zaatar that year, Syria was forced to accept a ceasefire at a meeting of the Arab League. However, the Arab League also mandated an Arab Deterrence Force, consisting of mostly Syrian soldiers with token contributions from other Arab League states, thus further legitimizing the Syrian presence in Lebanon. During a second bout of fighting that began in 1989, caused by the formation of rival Lebanese regimes in East and West Beirut, the Syrian-backed regime won and in 1991 the ‘Treaty of Brotherhood, Cooperation and Coordination’ was signed to legalize the Syrian occupation as a means to ensure the security of Syria. Syrian forces were forced to withdraw in 2005 following possible involvement in the assassination of Lebanon’s President Hariri.

Syria-internal. In 2011, domestic upheaval following a wave of protests across the Arab World soon led to violent repression of protestors by Syrian government troops. The violence progressed steadily and by July 2011 the Free Syrian Army (FSA) was formed consisting of defected military units and new recruits. The FSA and rebel umbrella group known as the Syrian National Council represented the first attempt at coordinating rebel factions in late 2011. However, a steady influx of foreign fighters and increased sectarianism radicalised opposition groups, which relied on foreign funding. The nature of the conflict changed drastically in late 2013 as infighting among the opposition groups increased. One of the more significant developments was the split between the al-Qaeda outfits the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL, ISIS), and Jabhat al-Nusra in early 2014 in addition to the intensified targeting of other rebel factions by ISIS fighters in particular, including the Kurdish Peshmerga, the FSA and other jihadist outfits. Since the summer of 2014, the conflict was further internationalized when ISIS announced the formation of an Islamic state eroding the state line between Iraq and Syria and also in mid-2015 when Russian forces intervened on behalf of the Bashar al-Assad government in Damascus.
Stage: Ceasefire/related
Conflict nature: Inter-group
Peace process: Syrian Local Agreements
Parties: "In the presence of the military factions undersigned and in the presence of the military council and the local council of the al-Bab city and the security organisation and in the presence of the brothers… "

The Military Council [Signature];
The Security Organisation [Signature];
The Sham Front [Signature];
Al-Sultan Murad, signed by Abu al-Walid al-Fari ;
The Samarkand General [Signature];
Sham Legion [Signature] ;;
Ahrar al-Sharqiyyah [Signature];
Al-Muntasir Bi-llah, signed by Ahmed Karamu;
The Local Council of the City of al-Bab [Signature];
Firqa al-Hamza, signed by Walid al-‘Ali ;
Al-Firqa al-Shumaliyyah, signed by Muhammad Mansur [illegible] ;
Suqur al-Shimal [Signature];
Brigade 51 [Signature];
Northern Brigade, signed by Muhammad Mustafa al-Uthman;
Al-Sultan Muhammad Fatih, signed by [Illegible] al-Shakir ;
Ahrar al-Sham, signed by Abu Muhammad [illegible];
Third parties: [Allegedly brokered by Turkey according to secondary sources]
Description: 7-point agreement providing for the overall demilitarisaion of al-Bab city through the evacuation of all military headquarters in al-Bab City; defining who is responsible for arrests; prohibition on wearing masks; a prohibition of firing firearms; defining who may arrest soliders (not police); a prohibition on arresting former-ISIS affiliates (civilians and fighters).

Agreement document: SY_170616_al-Bab Security Agreement_EN.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF
Agreement document (original language): SY_170616_al-Bab Security Agreement_AR.pdf (opens in new tab)| Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: Page 1, 2. All arrests and raids are carried out by the Chief Operating Room and the Military Council.

Page 1, 5. The arrest of any military is prohibited through the National Police and the only authority authorized to arrest the military is the main Operating Room and the Military Council.

7. The seizure of those who used to work for the Islamic State as a civilian or a soldier is forbidden, and carrying weapon is forbidden.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: No specific mention.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: Page 1, 1. Evacuation of all military headquarters located within al-Bab city.

Page 1, 3. It is strictly forbidden to wear the “al-Sham” mask over the face for military and civilians even during raids.

Page 1, 4. Shooting and any infraction are strictly forbidden and the [gun] owner will be accountable and [his] arms [will be] confiscated.
Ceasefire: Security sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provision
Page 1, 4. Shooting and any infraction are strictly forbidden and the [gun] owner will be accountable and [his] arms [will be] confiscated.

Page 1, 6. Armed patrols inside the city is forbidden.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: Security sector→DDR→Demilitarisation provisions
Page 1, 1. Evacuation of all military headquarters located within al-Bab city.

Page 1, 4. Shooting and any infraction are strictly forbidden and the [gun] owner will be accountable and [his] arms [will be] confiscated.

Page 1, 6. Armed patrols inside the city is forbidden.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: Page 1, 2. All arrests and raids are carried out by the Chief Operating Room and the Military Council.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: 7. The seizure of those who used to work for the Islamic State as a civilian or a soldier is forbidden, and carrying weapon is forbidden.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: Watan FM, The factions of the "Euphrates Shield" in the city of Al-Bab in the eastern countryside of Aleppo have concluded an agreement stipulating the evacuation of all military villages inside the city, https://web.archive.org/web/20200109171149/https://watan.fm/news/syria-news/95884

Enab Baladi (2017), Agreement to vacate the military headquarters in the city of Al-Bab under Turkish sponsorship, June 17, https://web.archive.org/save/https://enabbaladi.net/archives/156599

In the name of God, most Gracious, most Compassionate

In the presence of the military factions undersigned and in the presence of the military council and the local council of the al-Bab city and the security organisation and in the presence of the brothers… it was agreed upon below:

1. Evacuation of all military headquarters located within al-Bab city.

2. All arrests and raids are carried out by the Chief Operating Room and the Military Council.

3. It is strictly forbidden to wear the “al-Sham” mask over the face for military and civilians even during raids.

4. Shooting and any infraction are strictly forbidden and the [gun] owner will be accountable and [his] arms [will be] confiscated.

5. The arrest of any military is prohibited through the National Police and the only authority authorized to arrest the military is the main Operating Room and the Military Council.

6. Armed patrols inside the city is forbidden.

7. The seizure of those who used to work for the Islamic State as a civilian or a soldier is forbidden, and carrying weapon is forbidden.

Friday 2017/6/16

The Military Council [Signature];

The Security Organisation [Signature];

The Sham Front [Signature];

Al-Sultan Murad, signed by Abu al-Walid al-Fari ;

The Samarkand General [Signature];

Sham Legion [Signature] ;

Ahrar al-Sharqiyyah [Signature];

Al-Muntasir Bi-llah, signed by Ahmed Karamu;

The Local Council of the City of al-Bab [Signature];

Firqa al-Hamza, signed by Walid al-‘Ali ;

Al-Firqa al-Shumaliyyah, signed by Muhammad Mansur [illegible] ;

Suqur al-Shimal [Signature];

Brigade 51 [Signature];

Northern Brigade, signed by Muhammad Mustafa al-Uthman;

Al-Sultan Muhammad Fatih, signed by [Illegible] al-Shakir ;

Ahrar al-Sham, signed by Abu Muhammad [illegible];