Addendum to the Toncontin Agreement

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Country/entity: Nicaragua
Region: Americas
Agreement name: Addendum to the Toncontin Agreement
Date: 18 Apr 1990
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Nicaraguan Revolution (1978 - 1979) and Sandinista/Contra War (1981 – 1990)
The Nicaraguan Revolution was launched in 1978 by the left-leaning Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) and aimed at overthrowing the dictatorship of Anastasio Somoza. Although initially successful at overthrowing the regime in 1979, the Sandinistas faced growing a back-lash from the U.S.-backed right-wing Contras. Resistance also came from ethnic minorities along the Mosquito Coast. The following civil war was marked by mass human rights atrocities on both sides, with mass disappearances of those placed in state-custody, and mass rape and murder by rebels to ensure local complacency. The war eventually came to an end in 1990 when the FSLN peacefully transferred power after losing the 1990 election.
Stage: Pre-negotiation/process
Conflict nature: Government
Peace process: Nicaragua contra process
Parties: President Elect, Nicaraguan Resistance
Third parties: Most Reverend Cardinal Miguel Obando Bravo
Description: Short declaration by parties stating that demobilization process to take place from April 25, 1990 to June 10, 1990. With voluntary decommissioning to be supervised by ONUCA, CIAV and the Cardinal.

Agreement document: NI_900418_AddendumtoToncontinAgreement.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: Groups→Religious groups→Other
Page 1, Article 3,
That the voluntary handing over of weapons shall, like that which took place today in the Republic of Honduras, take place in the presence of international bodies (ONUCA, C1AV) and His Eminence Miguel Cardinal Obando y Bravo.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: Page 1, Article 3,
That the voluntary handing over of weapons shall, like that which took place today in the Republic of Honduras, take place in the presence of international bodies (ONUCA, C1AV) and His Eminence Miguel Cardinal Obando y Bravo.
Traditional/religious leaders: Page 1, Article 3,
That the voluntary handing over of weapons shall, like that which took place today in the Republic of Honduras, take place in the presence of international bodies (ONUCA, C1AV) and His Eminence Miguel Cardinal Obando y Bravo.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: No specific mention.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: No specific mention.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: Security sector→DDR→Demilitarisation provisions
Page 1,
That we are deeply pleased that voluntary disarmament of the Resistance forces still remaining in the Republic of Honduras has been achieved this day, in full compliance with the Toncontin Agreement, and that the effective and definitive Cease-fire Agreement has also been signed this day under the auspices of His Eminence Cardinal Obando y Bravo.

Page 1, Article 2,
That, in order for the demobilization process to be carried out in a climate of security and order, which will safeguard life and ensure that the peaceful work of the members of the Resistance may proceed normally, we have agreed that the disarmament of the Resistance forces should commence on 25 April in the afternoon and that their full demobilization should be completed no later than 10 June 1990.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: [Summary]
For detailed DDR provisions please see 'DDR'.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism: ONUCA, CIAV and the cardinal to be present during the voluntary surrender of weapons by resistance forces.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: UN Peacemaker

ANNEX III

Addendum to the Toncontin Agreement

The Negotiating Committee of the Nicaraguan Resistance and the delegation representing the President-Elect of Nicaragua, Violeta Barrios de Chamorro, in view of the signing of the effective and definitive Cease-fire Agreement concluded this day between the Government of Nicaragua and the Nicaraguan Resistance, declare to the people of Nicaragua and to the international community the following:

1. That we are deeply pleased that voluntary disarmament of the Resistance forces still remaining in the Republic of Honduras has been achieved this day, in full compliance with the Toncontin Agreement, and that the effective and definitive Cease-fire Agreement has also been signed this day under the auspices of His Eminence Cardinal Obando y Bravo.

2. That, in order for the demobilization process to be carried out in a climate of security and order, which will safeguard life and ensure that the peaceful work of the members of the Resistance may proceed normally, we have agreed that the disarmament of the Resistance forces should commence on 25 April in the afternoon and that their full demobilization should be completed no later than 10 June 1990.

3. That the voluntary handing over of weapons shall, like that which took place today in the Republic of Honduras, take place in the presence of international bodies (ONUCA, C1AV) and His Eminence Miguel Cardinal Obando y Bravo.

For his part, His Eminence Cardinal Obando y Bravo expresses his satisfaction at the patriotic decisions taken and joins with the signatories in giving thanks to the Lord for His assistance in opening the eyes of the contending parties.

Managua, 18 April 1990

(Signed)

Oscar SAAVEDRA

(Signed)

Antonio LACAYO "Commander Ruben"

(Signed)

H.E. Miguel Cardinal OBANDO Y BRAVO