Agreement to Consolidate the Ceasefire (Zawiyya Agreement)

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Country/entity: Libya
Region: Middle East and North Africa
Agreement name: Agreement to Consolidate the Ceasefire (Zawiyya Agreement)
Date: 9 Sep 2018
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/local conflict
Libyan Conflicts (1969 - 1994) (2011 - )
Agreements relate to two distinct conflict dyads.
Libya-Chad. Since the 1970s, Libya under Colonel Muammar Gaddafi had a tense relationship with its neighbour Chad, predominantly focused on the resource-rich Aouzou Strip in northern Chad. Libyan claims of the Aouzou Strip were held in an un-ratified treaty between France and Italy in 1935, similarly Chadian claims of the Strip were argued with support of a 1955 treaty between Libya and France. In 1973, Libya effectively annexed the Strip to gain access to natural resources. This spurred cross-border clashes between 1979 until 1987 until escalated to a brief war known as the Toyota War, wherein Chadian government troops succeeded in repelling Libyan forces. A brief and repeatedly violated ceasefire was held from 1987-88, followed by a series of unsuccessful negotiations, until an International Court of Justice ruling in 1994, which granted sovereignty of the Strip to Chad.

Libya post-Gaddafi. Gaddafi’s downfall following the Libyan Civil War in 2011-2012, led to several factions fighting for the country’s leadership. Since 2013, the country effectively split into three entities, with the National Army controlling the east including the city of Benghazi, and the New General National Congress and their militias such as the Golden Dawn controlling the northwest including the capital of Tripoli. Significant portions of the country in the south-west are currently held by Tuareg forces. The civil war and chaos continued into 2014 as the General National Congress refused to disband after the expiry of its mandate, resulting in eruption of mass protests. The UN efforts continue to broker peace between the Libyan Army and the Libya Dawn factions, and a partial ceasefire was declared in January 2015. A new interim-government (Tunisia-based) called ‘Government of National Accord’ is formed with the backing of UN despite the refusal of the other forces to recognise its authority and arrived to Tripoli with the UN in 2016. A state of emergency was declared by the UN backed government amid clashed between rival militia in Tripoli’s southern suburbs. Since April 2019 there has been sustained fighting between the Libyan National Army and the UN-backed government in Tripoli as the Libyan National Army aims to seize Tripoli.
Stage: Implementation/renegotiation
Conflict nature: Government
Peace process: Libyan peace process
Parties: Khalid Mazen, Ministry Undersecretary, Ministry of Interior [Signed]
Muhammad Lamhanim Undersecretary of Internal Migrationm Ministry of Interior [Signed]
Abdulbari Shimbaro, Undersecretary, Ministry of Local Administration [Signed]
Gen. Hussein Abdullah, Chief of Staff of Army, General Staff [Signed]
Gen. Osamah Huwaili, Commander of Western Tareen Area, General Staff [Signed]
Abdulsalam Abu Sitah Al Mahdi, Local Military Command – Zintan, General Staff [Signed]
Brig. Gen. Fath Allah Hasan Abu Matas, First Assistant, Counter-Terrorism Forces, Presidential Council [Signed]
Fahim Bin Ramadan, 301st Infantry Brigade, Presidential Council [Signed]
Gen. Abdulfatah Marin, Commander of the Tripoli Al Amariah Area, Presidential Council [Signed]
Khalid Muhammad Al Jarab, Tripoli Brigade, Tripoli Brigade [Signed]
Khalid Muhammad Al Subair, Communication Delegate Tripoli [Signed]
[ILLEGIBLE] [ILLEGIBLE], Tripoli [Signed]
Muhammad Hasan Al Barouni, Janzour Knights Brigade [Signed]
Muhammad Al Dharat, Al Bunyan Al Marsoos, Middle Area [Signed]
Ibrahim Muhammad Rafidah, Al Bunyan Al Marsoos, Middle Area [Signed]
Abdullah Ahmad Asbafa, Al Bunyan Al Marsoos, Middle Area [Signed]
Brig. Gen. Ramadan Al Zain, Middle Area, Al Bunyan Al Marsoos [Signed]
Mustafa Ali Muhammad Al Somo, Al Bunyan Al Marsoos, Middle Area [Signed]
Brig. Gen. Malud Al Masri, Head of the Central Security, Libyan Intelligence [Signed]
Iyad Ili Salem, Mayor of Tarhuna, Tarhuna [Signed]
Ahmad Owain, Military Advisor, Presidential Council [Signed]
Ibrahim Al Thaqaf, General Intelligence, Presidential Council [Signed]
Al Mahdi Ali Al Shawish, Military Committee, Zawiya [Signed]
Musa Ahmad Al Bidari, Mobile Force, Jadu [Signed]
Ayman Awn Allah, Mobile Force, [ILLEGIBLE] [Signed]
Mustafa Ali Ashlam, Al Bunyan Al Marsoos, Misrata [Signed]
Hasan Jab Allah, Tarhuna, Tarhuna [Signed]
Milod Abdullah, Tarhuna, Tarhuna [Signed]
Third parties: United Nations Support Mission to Libya (UNSMIL)
Description: Short agreement providing for implementation modalities.

Agreement document: LY_180909_Tripoli Ceasefire_EN.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF
Agreement document (original language): LY_180909_Tripoli Ceasefire_AR.pdf (opens in new tab)| Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): Governance→Political institutions (new or reformed)→General references
Page 1, 5. The Presidential Council shall dissolve the current security arrangements committee and form a new security arrangements committee, and the delegation shall contribute to providing the necessary support to this committee
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: Page 1, 4. Creating a plan for the withdrawal of the armed groups from sovereign locations and vital
installations and the gradual positioning of regular forces (military and police), starting with the Mitiga International Airport, the Prime Minister’s office, the Tripoli Port, the Central Bank, bank branches, the sites of the National Oil Corporation (starting with the Hani fuel tanks and the airport), the Electricity Corporation, and especially the control room and the General Authority for Communications and Informatics, and the Libyan Investment Authority, in accordance with a clear timetable.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: No specific mention.
National economic plan: Page 1, 7. Announcement of an economic reform package within a week from today, and starting to implement it
Natural resources: Page 1, 4. Creating a plan for the withdrawal of the armed groups from sovereign locations and vital
installations and the gradual positioning of regular forces (military and police), starting with the Mitiga International Airport, the Prime Minister’s office, the Tripoli Port, the Central Bank, bank branches, the sites of the National Oil Corporation (starting with the Hani fuel tanks and the airport), the Electricity Corporation, and especially the control room and the General Authority for Communications and Informatics, and the Libyan Investment Authority, in accordance with a clear timetable.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: Page 1, 4. Creating a plan for the withdrawal of the armed groups from sovereign locations and vital
installations and the gradual positioning of regular forces (military and police), starting with the Mitiga International Airport, the Prime Minister’s office, the Tripoli Port, the Central Bank, bank branches, the sites of the National Oil Corporation (starting with the Hani fuel tanks and the airport), the Electricity Corporation, and especially the control room and the General Authority for Communications and Informatics, and the Libyan Investment Authority, in accordance with a clear timetable.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: Socio-economic reconstruction→Banks→Central bank
Page 1, 4. Creating a plan for the withdrawal of the armed groups from sovereign locations and vital
installations and the gradual positioning of regular forces (military and police), starting with the Mitiga International Airport, the Prime Minister’s office, the Tripoli Port, the Central Bank, bank branches, the sites of the National Oil Corporation (starting with the Hani fuel tanks and the airport), the Electricity Corporation, and especially the control room and the General Authority for Communications and Informatics, and the Libyan Investment Authority, in accordance with a clear timetable.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: Security sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provision
Page 1, Based on the ceasefire agreement that was signed on September 4th, and based on the statement from the Security Council on 6 September 2018, which called for an immediate cessation of hostilities, adherence to the truce, stopping the bloodshed, and protecting civilians, the following points were agreed upon:
Security sector→Ceasefire→General commitments
Page 1, 1. Creating a monitoring and verification mechanism to consolidate the ceasefire under the supervision and direction of a joint operations center
Police: Page 1, 4. Creating a plan for the withdrawal of the armed groups from sovereign locations and vital
installations and the gradual positioning of regular forces (military and police), starting with the Mitiga International Airport, the Prime Minister’s office, the Tripoli Port, the Central Bank, bank branches, the sites of the National Oil Corporation (starting with the Hani fuel tanks and the airport), the Electricity Corporation, and especially the control room and the General Authority for Communications and Informatics, and the Libyan Investment Authority, in accordance with a clear timetable.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: Security sector→DDR→Demilitarisation provisions
Page 1, 2. Repositioning of forces to areas that are agreed upon to allow resumption of normal life in the areas of the clashes, and the Greater Tripoli area in general, followed by a mechanism to stop the clashes

Page 1, 3. Storing all heavy and medium-size weaponry inside the bases of the groups that own them

Page 1, 4. Creating a plan for the withdrawal of the armed groups from sovereign locations and vital
installations and the gradual positioning of regular forces (military and police), starting with the Mitiga International Airport, the Prime Minister’s office, the Tripoli Port, the Central Bank, bank branches, the sites of the National Oil Corporation (starting with the Hani fuel tanks and the airport), the Electricity Corporation, and especially the control room and the General Authority for Communications and Informatics, and the Libyan Investment Authority, in accordance with a clear timetable.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: Page 1, 6. A written commitment from the Tripoli armed groups to not extort, pressure, or take over sovereign institutions
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism: Page 1, 1. Creating a monitoring and verification mechanism to consolidate the ceasefire under the supervision and direction of a joint operations centre

Page 1, 5. The Presidential Council shall dissolve the current security arrangements committee and form a new security arrangements committee, and the delegation shall contribute to providing the necessary support to this committee
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: al-Mutawasat, ‘UN Mission announces ‘8-point’ ceasefire agreement in Tripoli, 10 September 2018, http://almotawaset.com/2018/09/10/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AB%D8%A9- %D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%86- %D8%B9%D9%86-8-%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%88%D8%AF- %D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%82/

Agreement to Consolidate the Ceasefire

Based on the ceasefire agreement that was signed on September 4th, and based on the statement from the Security Council on 6 September 2018, which called for an immediate cessation of hostilities, adherence to the truce, stopping the bloodshed, and protecting civilians, the following points were agreed upon:

1. Creating a monitoring and verification mechanism to consolidate the ceasefire under the supervision and direction of a joint operations center

2. Repositioning of forces to areas that are agreed upon to allow resumption of normal life in the areas of the clashes, and the Greater Tripoli area in general, followed by a mechanism to stop the clashes

3. Storing all heavy and medium-size weaponry inside the bases of the groups that own them

4. Creating a plan for the withdrawal of the armed groups from sovereign locations and vital installations and the gradual positioning of regular forces (military and police), starting with the Mitiga International Airport, the Prime Minister’s office, the Tripoli Port, the Central Bank, bank branches, the sites of the National Oil Corporation (starting with the Hani fuel tanks and the airport), the Electricity Corporation, and especially the control room and the General Authority for Communications and Informatics, and the Libyan Investment Authority, in accordance with a clear timetable.

5. The Presidential Council shall dissolve the current security arrangements committee and form a new security arrangements committee, and the delegation shall contribute to providing the necessary support to this committee

6. A written commitment from the Tripoli armed groups to not extort, pressure, or take over sovereign institutions

7. Announcement of an economic reform package within a week from today, and starting to implement it

8. Canceling a number of decisions that were made during the previous period that transfer the state authorities to armed groups

9 September 2018

Zawiya, 9 September 2018

Signatures of those in agreement with the outputs of the meeting to consolidate the ceasefire

Name Position Entity Signature

Khalid Mazen Ministry Undersecretary Ministry of Interior [Signed]

Muhammad Lamhani Undersecretary of Internal Migration Ministry of Interior [Signed]

Abdulbari Shimbaro Undersecretary of the Ministry of Local Administration Ministry of Local Administration [Signed]

Gen. Hussein Abdullah Chief of Staff of Army General Staff [Signed]

Gen. Osamah Huwaili Commander of Western Tareen Area General Staff [Signed]

Abdulsalam Abu Sitah Al Mahdi Local Military Command – Zintan General Staff [Signed]

Brig.

Gen. Fath Allah Hasan Abu Matas First Assistant, Counter-Terrorism Forces Presidential Council [Signed]

Fahim Bin Ramadan 301st Infantry Brigade Presidential Council [Signed]

Gen. Abdulfatah Marin Commander of the Tripoli Al Amariah Area Presidential Council [Signed]

Khalid Muhammad Al Jarab Tripoli Brigade Tripoli Brigade [Signed]

Khalid Muhammad Al Subair Communication Delegate Tripoli [Signed]

[ILLEGIBLE] [ILLEGIBLE] Tripoli [Signed]

Muhammad Hasan Al Barouni Janzour Knights Brigade [Signed]

Muhammad Al Dharat Al Bunyan Al Marsoos Middle Area [Signed]

Ibrahim Muhammad Rafidah Al Bunyan Al Marsoos Middle Area [Signed]

Abdullah Ahmad Asbafa Al Bunyan Al Marsoos Middle Area [Signed]

Brig.

Gen. Ramadan Al Zain Middle Area Al Bunyan Al Marsoos [Signed]

Mustafa Ali Muhammad Al Somo Al Bunyan Al Marsoos Middle Area [Signed]

Brig.

Gen. Malud Al Masri Head of the Central Security Libyan Intelligence [Signed]

Iyad Ili Salem Mayor of Tarhuna Tarhuna [Signed]

Ahmad Owain Military Advisor Presidential Council [Signed]

Ibrahim Al Thaqaf General Intelligence Presidential Council [Signed]

Al Mahdi Ali Al Shawish Military Committee Zawiya [Signed]

Musa Ahmad Al Bidari Mobile Force Jadu [Signed]

Ayman Awn Allah Mobile Force [ILLEGIBLE] [Signed]

Mustafa Ali Ashlam Al Bunyan Al Marsoos Misrata [Signed]

Hasan Jab Allah Tarhuna Tarhuna [Signed]

Milod Abdullah Tarhuna Tarhuna [Signed]