Accord de paix entre les communautés peulh et arabe mahamid des communes de Foulatari, N'guelbeli, Goudoumaria et Mainé Soroa

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Country/entity: Niger
Region: Africa (excl MENA)
Agreement name: Accord de paix entre les communautés peulh et arabe mahamid des communes de Foulatari, N'guelbeli, Goudoumaria et Mainé Soroa
Date: 23 Dec 2018
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/local conflict
Stage: Pre-negotiation/process
Conflict nature: Inter-group
Peace process: Niger local agreements
Parties: For the Foulatari community: Lamido Kanta Chabou
N'guelbeli community: Saidou Moussa
Goudoumaria community: Ariou Mamadou
Mainé Soroa community: Tahirou Moussa
Third parties: Unsigned, but agreement mentions the facilitation of the Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue
Representatives of 'Peuls': Adbou Adamou
Representatives of 'Arabes Madamid': Zakaria Djafar, Issoufou Chafém Abbé Abdrahmane
For the traditional chiefs: Mahamadou Bello A. Kanta, Adamou Kanta, Mahamane Mai Mowoa
Description: Agreement to end inter-communal violence centring on agricultural disputes.

Agreement document: NE_181223_Agreement between the Fulani and Mahamid Arab Communities_tr.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF
Agreement document (original language): NE_181223_Agreement btw the Fulani and Mahamid Arab Communities.pdf (opens in new tab)| Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: Groups→Children/youth→Rhetorical
Page 3, Article 2: Specific commitments of the Parties
In order to prevent any conflicts, the Parties undertake to:
...
- Encourage young people and opinion leaders to commit themselves to the prevention of any conflicts and to strive for negotiated solutions to disputes;
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: No specific mention.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: Land, property and environment→Land reform/rights→Land reform and management
Page 3, Article 1: General commitment of the Parties
The Parties hereby undertake to promoting peace and to preventing any conflicts between them through joint management of pastoral resources.

Page 3, Article 2: Specific commitments of the Parties
In order to prevent any conflicts, the Parties undertake to:
- Respect and enforce the rules of access to pastoral resources;
- Run joint awareness-raising sessions for members of their community on water access rules and on the roles and responsibilities of water point management committees;
- Refer to traditional and administrative authorities in case of disagreement:
- Fight the theft / looting of cattle regardless of which community the owner belongs to:

Page 4, Article 2: Specific commitments of the Parties
In addition, the Fulani community undertakes to:
- Not harm stray animals (camels) that are found away from their fields or encampments;
- Guarantee non-discriminatory access to water;
- Respect the rules of access to the water points.

Page 4, Article 2: Specific commitments of the Parties
In addition, the Arab Mahamid community undertakes to:
- Ensure the Mahamid Arabs travelling with animals for the annual transhumance do not camp near water points;
- Respect the rules of access to water points;
- Avoid sending unaccompanied children to water points.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: No specific mention.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: No specific mention.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: Page 2, Preamble
Aware that this risk is aggravated by the deadly clashes, linked to the straying of animals and theft of cattle, which have already taken place amongst members of our communities, and which harbour feelings of revenge during the transhumance period;

Page 3, Article 1: General commitment of the Parties
The Parties hereby undertake to promoting peace and to preventing any conflicts between them through joint management of pastoral resources.

Page 3, Article 2: Specific commitments of the Parties
In order to prevent any conflicts, the Parties undertake to:
...
- Fight the theft / looting of cattle regardless of which community the owner belongs to:
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: Page 3, Article 2: Specific commitments of the Parties
In order to prevent any conflicts, the Parties undertake to:
...
- Jointly organize collective prayer sessions for peace and social cohesion.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism: Page 4, Article 3: Settlement of disputes
The Parties undertake to give priority to dialogue and mediation to settle any dispute that may arise,
through the Communal Peace Committees or the authorities.

Article 4: Compliance with Agreement

A monitoring committee consisting of eight members (four members of the CPCs, and four
traditional leaders) will be established by consensus to ensure compliance with this Agreement and
to serve as a mediator for breaches of its terms
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue: https://www.hdcentre.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Accord-peulh-et-arabes-mahamid-23-d%C3%A9cembre-2018.pdf

Peace agreement between the Fulani And Mahamid Arab communities of the Foulatari, N'guelbeli, Goudoumaria and Maine Soroa municipalities

December 2018

Preamble

We, the Fulani And Mahamid Arab pastoral communities of the Foulatari, N'guelbeli, Goudoumaria and Maine Soroa municipalities, hereinafter referred to as the Parties;

Aware that the sharing of natural resources, including water points and pastures, is a source of tension between us, one that risks causing a conflict during the annual transhumance of livestock to the northern pastoral area of the region;

Aware that this risk is aggravated by the deadly clashes, linked to the straying of animals and theft of cattle, which have already taken place amongst members of our communities, and which harbour feelings of revenge during the transhumance period;

Aware that the occurrence of inter-community conflicts would lead to an escalation of the violence in the already unstable Diffa region;

We are meeting in Diffa with the aid of a three-month mediation process facilitated by the Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue (HD), on behalf of the High Authority for Peacebuilding and in support of the communal peace committees, and we commit to implementing this Agreement’s following provisions:

Article 1:

General commitment of the Parties

The Parties hereby undertake to promoting peace and to preventing any conflicts between them through joint management of pastoral resources.

Article 2:

Specific commitments of the Parties

In order to prevent any conflicts, the Parties undertake to:

- Respect and enforce the rules of access to pastoral resources;

- Run joint awareness-raising sessions for members of their community on water access rules and on the roles and responsibilities of water point management committees;

- Refer to traditional and administrative authorities in case of disagreement:

- Fight the theft / looting of cattle regardless of which community the owner belongs to:

- Encourage young people and opinion leaders to commit themselves to the prevention of any conflicts and to strive for negotiated solutions to disputes;

- Jointly organize collective prayer sessions for peace and social cohesion.

In addition, the Fulani community undertakes to:

- Not harm stray animals (camels) that are found away from their fields or encampments;

- Guarantee non-discriminatory access to water;

- Respect the rules of access to the water points.

In addition, the Arab Mahamid community undertakes to:

- Ensure the Mahamid Arabs travelling with animals for the annual transhumance do not camp near water points;

- Respect the rules of access to water points;

- Avoid sending unaccompanied children to water points.

Article 3:

Settlement of disputes

The Parties undertake to give priority to dialogue and mediation to settle any dispute that may arise, through the Communal Peace Committees or the authorities.

Article 4:

Compliance with Agreement

A monitoring committee consisting of eight members (four members of the CPCs, and four traditional leaders) will be established by consensus to ensure compliance with this Agreement and to serve as a mediator for breaches of its terms.

Signed in Diffa on 23/12/2018