Accord Accra II (Ghana) sur la Crise en Côte d'Ivoire

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Country/entity: Cote d'Ivoire
Region: Africa (excl MENA)
Agreement name: Accord Accra II (Ghana) sur la Crise en Côte d'Ivoire
Date: 7 Mar 2003
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Ivorian Civil War (2002 - 2011)
The Ivorian civil war broke out in 2002 over the disqualification of Alassane Ouattara from the predominantly Muslim north for the presidential elections due to his missing “Ivoirity”. This concept, politically enforced by nationalist forces around President Laurent Ggagbo in the South of the country and in the capital Abidjan, demanded that both parents of a presidential candidate had to be born in Cote D’Ivoire. Despite several agreements and French military involvement the fighting continued until 2005, when a South African mediation attempt – and the qualification of the national football squad for the World Cup in 2006 – helped to end the fighting. The situation remained unstable even with a UN peacekeeping force in place. Renewed fighting broke out after the presidential elections in 2010 where Ouattara was allowed to run, but he lost the elections under unclear circumstances and perceptions of fraud. Finally, Ggagbo was arrested in April 2011 by French-backed forces supporting Ouattara.
Stage: Implementation/renegotiation
Conflict nature: Government
Peace process: Cote D'Ivoire: peace process
Parties: For the FPI, Pascal AFFI NGUESSAN
For the MFA Innocent KOBENA ANAKY
For the MJP Gaspard DELI
For the MPCI Guillaume SORO
For the MPIGO Roger BANCHI
For the PDCI-RDA Alphonse DJEDJE MADY
For the PIT Francis WODIE
For the RDR Alassane Dramane OUATTARA
For the UDCY Theodore MEL EG
For the UDPCI Paul AKOTO YAO
Third parties: The Honorable Hackman OWUSU-AGYEMANG, President of the CEDEAO Ministerial Council for Mediation and Security
Description: Following the Marcoussis Agreement, the political forces exchanged their views in this roundtable meeting on the difficulties that the process of government formation is facing. Addressing the obstacles the country is currently facing, they make recommendations incl. the urgent establishment of national Security Council (details of its members), the attribution to the MPCI of 2 ministries (territorial administration and communication) and the respect of the political forces’ choice of representatives in the government. They remind of the need to immediately stop all massacres and murders. They ask all socio-political actors and the media to support the process of the Marcoussis Agreement. They ask for the immediate release of all political prisoners and prisoners of war.

Agreement document: CI_030307_Accord Accra II (Ghana) sur la Crise en Cote d'Ivoire_tr.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF
Agreement document (original language): CI_030307_Accord Accra II (Ghana) sur la Crise en Côte d'Ivoire.pdf (opens in new tab)| Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): Page 1, Paragraph 5
Referring to the Marcoussis Agreement, the Round Table reaffirms the need to preserve the territorial integrity of the Côte d’Ivoire, to respect its institutions and to restore State authority. It recalls its support for the principle of acceding to and exercising power by democratic means. The Round Table also reaffirms the authority of President Laurent GBAGBO, as Head of State, Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces, and guarantor of the Constitution and republican institutions.
State configuration: Page 1, Paragraph 5
Referring to the Marcoussis Agreement, the Round Table reaffirms the need to preserve the territorial integrity of the Côte d’Ivoire, to respect its institutions and to restore State authority. It recalls its support for the principle of acceding to and exercising power by democratic means. The Round Table also reaffirms the authority of President Laurent GBAGBO, as Head of State, Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces, and guarantor of the Constitution and republican institutions.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): Governance→Political institutions (new or reformed)→General references
Page 1, Paragraph 4
The Round Table reaffirmed its support for the Marcoussis Agreement, unanimously considered to be a sustainable framework for resolving the Ivorian crisis. To achieve this the participants undertook to collaborate with President Laurent GBAGBO and the Prime Minister Seydou DIARRA, in order to establish a balanced government of national reconciliation.

Page 1, Paragraph 5
Referring to the Marcoussis Agreement, the Round Table reaffirms the need to preserve the territorial integrity of the Côte d’Ivoire, to respect its institutions and to restore State authority. It recalls its support for the principle of acceding to and exercising power by democratic means. The Round Table also reaffirms the authority of President Laurent GBAGBO, as Head of State, Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces, and guarantor of the Constitution and republican institutions.

Page 1, Paragraph 6
It notes the desire of the Head of State to implement the Marcoussis Agreement, in particular by applying, by March 14, 2003, the provisions relevant to: a) delegation of powers to the Government; b) formation of a Government of National Reconciliation.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: Power sharing→Political power sharing→Executive coalition
State level
4. The Round Table reaffirmed its support for the Marcoussis Agreement, unanimously considered to be a sustainable framework for resolving the Ivorian crisis. To achieve this the participants undertook to collaborate with President Laurent GBAGBO and the Prime Minister Seydou DIARRA, in order to establish a balanced government of national reconciliation.

Page 1, Paragraph 7
Regarding the formation of a Government of National Reconciliation, and in order to move on from the current impasse, the Round Table recommends: a) The immediate formation of a National Security Council with fifteen (15) members including the President of the Republic, the Prime Minister, a representative of each of the political groups signatory to the Marcoussis Agreement, a FANCI representative, and a representative of the National Gendarmerie and the National Police to assist effective management by the Ministers of Defence and of Interior Security. As soon as possible, at the Council’s suggestion, the Prime Minister will nominate to the President of the Republic, persons chosen by consensus for the posts of Minister of Defence and Minister of Security; b) The nomination of two Ministers of State to the MPCI: the Minister of Territorial Administration and Minister of Communication; c) Respect for the choices made by the political groups for their government representatives.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: Power sharing→Military power sharing→Joint command structures
Page 1, Paragraph 7
Regarding the formation of a Government of National Reconciliation, and in order to move on from the current impasse, the Round Table recommends: a) The immediate formation of a National Security Council with fifteen (15) members including the President of the Republic, the Prime Minister, a representative of each of the political groups signatory to the Marcoussis Agreement, a FANCI representative, and a representative of the National Gendarmerie and the National Police to assist effective management by the Ministers of Defence and of Interior Security. As soon as possible, at the Council’s suggestion, the Prime Minister will nominate to the President of the Republic, persons chosen by consensus for the posts of Minister of Defence and Minister of Security; b) The nomination of two Ministers of State to the MPCI: the Minister of Territorial Administration and Minister of Communication; c) Respect for the choices made by the political groups for their government representatives.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: Page 1, Paragraph 5
Referring to the Marcoussis Agreement, the Round Table reaffirms the need to preserve the territorial integrity of the Côte d’Ivoire, to respect its institutions and to restore State authority. It recalls its support for the principle of acceding to and exercising power by democratic means. The Round Table also reaffirms the authority of President Laurent GBAGBO, as Head of State, Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces, and guarantor of the Constitution and republican institutions.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: Rights related issues→Media and communication→Media roles
Page 2, Paragraph 10
Furthermore, in the spirit of promoting national reconciliation, the Round Table extends a serious appeal to all socio-political actors and media for their resolute support in implementing the Marcoussis Agreement. It also demands the immediate release of all political prisoners and prisoners of war.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: Rights related issues→Protection measures→Protection of groups
Page 2, 8. The Round Table invites the Ivorian Government, together with French and CEDEAO troops, to take all necessary measures to ensure the protection and security of members of the Marcoussis Round Table, of members of the Government in particular and of the population in general.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: No specific mention.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: Page 2, Paragraph 8
The Round Table invites the Ivorian Government, together with French and CEDEAO troops, to take all necessary measures to ensure the protection and security of members of the Marcoussis Round Table, of members of the Government in particular and of the population in general.
Ceasefire: Security sector→Ceasefire→General commitments
Page 2, Paragraph 9
The Round Table reminds all the groups present of the importance of an immediate cessation of all massacres, killings and extortions in their zones of operation.
Police: Page 1, Paragraph 7
Regarding the formation of a Government of National Reconciliation, and in order to move on from the current impasse, the Round Table recommends: a) The immediate formation of a National Security Council with fifteen (15) members including the President of the Republic, the Prime Minister, a representative of each of the political groups signatory to the Marcoussis Agreement, a FANCI representative, and a representative of the National Gendarmerie and the National Police to assist effective management by the Ministers of Defence and of Interior Security. As soon as possible, at the Council’s suggestion, the Prime Minister will nominate to the President of the Republic, persons chosen by consensus for the posts of Minister of Defence and Minister of Security; b) The nomination of two Ministers of State to the MPCI: the Minister of Territorial Administration and Minister of Communication; c) Respect for the choices made by the political groups for their government representatives.
Armed forces: Page 1, Paragraph 5
Referring to the Marcoussis Agreement, the Round Table reaffirms the need to preserve the territorial integrity of the Côte d’Ivoire, to respect its institutions and to restore State authority. It recalls its support for the principle of acceding to and exercising power by democratic means. The Round Table also reaffirms the authority of President Laurent GBAGBO, as Head of State, Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces, and guarantor of the Constitution and republican institutions.

Page 1, Paragraph 7
Regarding the formation of a Government of National Reconciliation, and in order to move on from the current impasse, the Round Table recommends: a) The immediate formation of a National Security Council with fifteen (15) members including the President of the Republic, the Prime Minister, a representative of each of the political groups signatory to the Marcoussis Agreement, a FANCI representative, and a representative of the National Gendarmerie and the National Police to assist effective management by the Ministers of Defence and of Interior Security. As soon as possible, at the Council’s suggestion, the Prime Minister will nominate to the President of the Republic, persons chosen by consensus for the posts of Minister of Defence and Minister of Security; b) The nomination of two Ministers of State to the MPCI: the Minister of Territorial Administration and Minister of Communication; c) Respect for the choices made by the political groups for their government representatives.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: Page 1, Paragraph 7
Regarding the formation of a Government of National Reconciliation, and in order to move on from the current impasse, the Round Table recommends: a) The immediate formation of a National Security Council with fifteen (15) members including the President of the Republic, the Prime Minister, a representative of each of the political groups signatory to the Marcoussis Agreement, a FANCI representative, and a representative of the National Gendarmerie and the National Police to assist effective management by the Ministers of Defence and of Interior Security. As soon as possible, at the Council’s suggestion, the Prime Minister will nominate to the President of the Republic, persons chosen by consensus for the posts of Minister of Defence and Minister of Security; b) The nomination of two Ministers of State to the MPCI: the Minister of Territorial Administration and Minister of Communication; c) Respect for the choices made by the political groups for their government representatives.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: Page 2, Paragraph 9
The Round Table reminds all the groups present of the importance of an immediate cessation of all massacres, killings and extortions in their zones of operation.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: Page 2, Paragraph 10
Furthermore, in the spirit of promoting national reconciliation, the Round Table extends a serious appeal to all socio-political actors and media for their resolute support in implementing the Marcoussis Agreement. It also demands the immediate release of all political prisoners and prisoners of war.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: Page 1, Paragraph 4
The Round Table reaffirmed its support for the Marcoussis Agreement, unanimously considered to be a sustainable framework for resolving the Ivorian crisis. To achieve this the participants undertook to collaborate with President Laurent GBAGBO and the Prime Minister Seydou DIARRA, in order to establish a balanced government of national reconciliation.

Page 2, Paragraph 10
Furthermore, in the spirit of promoting national reconciliation, the Round Table extends a serious appeal to all socio-political actors and media for their resolute support in implementing the Marcoussis Agreement. It also demands the immediate release of all political prisoners and prisoners of war.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: The Honorable Hackman OWUSU-AGYEMANG, President of the CEDEAO Ministerial Council for Mediation and Security
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: Page 2, Paragraph 8
The Round Table invites the Ivorian Government, together with French and CEDEAO troops, to take all necessary measures to ensure the protection and security of members of the Marcoussis Round Table, of members of the Government in particular and of the population in general.
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: Peace African Union, http://www.peaceau.org/uploads/ivoire-accord-accra-07-03-2003.pdf

Accra II (Ghana) Agreement on the Côte d’Ivoire crisis

1. At the invitation of His Excellency Mr John Agyekum KUFUOR, President of the Republic of Ghana, current President of CEDEAO, a Round Table of Ivorian political groups, signatories to the Linas-Marcoussis Agreement, met in Accra on March 6-7, 2003.

2. The following groups participated in this round table:

FPI, MFA, MJP, MPCI, MPIGO, PDCI-RDA, PIT, RDR, UDCY, and UDPCI.

The following persons joined as facilitators:

the President of the Marcoussis Agreement Monitoring Committee, Professor Albert TEVOEDJRE, the Executive Secretary of CEDDEAO, Doctor Mohamed Ibn CHAMBAS, the CEDEAO Executive Secretary’s Special Representative, Mr Raph UWECHUE-FCHIIE, the Special Representative of the International Organisation of La Francophonie, Mr Lansana KOUVATE, and the African Union Special Representative, Mr André SALIFOU.

President KUFUOR presided over the meeting, assisted by His Excellency Mr Hackman OWUSU AGYEMANG, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Ghana.

3. Following the presentation by the consensus Prime Minister, His Excellency Seydou Elimane DIARRA, on progress in implementing the Marcoussis Agreement, the different political groups discussed at length the difficulties encountered by the Prime Minister in trying to form the government.

4. The Round Table reaffirmed its support for the Marcoussis Agreement, unanimously considered to be a sustainable framework for resolving the Ivorian crisis.

To achieve this the participants undertook to collaborate with President Laurent GBAGBO and the Prime Minister Seydou DIARRA, in order to establish a balanced government of national reconciliation.

5. Referring to the Marcoussis Agreement, the Round Table reaffirms the need to preserve the territorial integrity of the Côte d’Ivoire, to respect its institutions and to restore State authority.

It recalls its support for the principle of acceding to and exercising power by democratic means.

The Round Table also reaffirms the authority of President Laurent GBAGBO, as Head of State, Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces, and guarantor of the Constitution and republican institutions.

6. It notes the desire of the Head of State to implement the Marcoussis Agreement, in particular by applying, by March 14, 2003, the provisions relevant to:

a) delegation of powers to the Government;

b) formation of a Government of National Reconciliation.

7. Regarding the formation of a Government of National Reconciliation, and in order to move on from the current impasse, the Round Table recommends:

a) The immediate formation of a National Security Council with fifteen (15) members including the President of the Republic, the Prime Minister, a representative of each of the political groups signatory to the Marcoussis Agreement, a FANCI representative, and a representative of the National Gendarmerie and the National Police to assist effective management by the Ministers of Defence and of Interior Security.

As soon as possible, at the Council’s suggestion, the Prime Minister will nominate to the President of the Republic, persons chosen by consensus for the posts of Minister of Defence and Minister of Security;

b) The nomination of two Ministers of State to the MPCI:

the Minister of Territorial Administration and Minister of Communication;

c) Respect for the choices made by the political groups for their government representatives.

8. The Round Table invites the Ivorian Government, together with French and CEDEAO troops, to take all necessary measures to ensure the protection and security of members of the Marcoussis Round Table, of members of the Government in particular and of the population in general.

9. The Round Table reminds all the groups present of the importance of an immediate cessation of all massacres, killings and extortions in their zones of operation.

10. Furthermore, in the spirit of promoting national reconciliation, the Round Table extends a serious appeal to all socio-political actors and media for their resolute support in implementing the Marcoussis Agreement.

It also demands the immediate release of all political prisoners and prisoners of war.

11. The Round Table pays tribute to President John Agyekum KUFUOR for having proposed this meeting and for his wise advice to the participants that they place the greater interests of the Ivorian nation above individual needs.

12. The Round Table extends its sincere thanks to the CEDEAO Executive Secretary for his personal investment and determination in resolving the Ivorian crisis.

13. The Round Table conveys its profound gratitude to the President and members of the Monitoring Committee for the key role they have played in resolving the conflict.

They ask that the terms of the Marcoussis Agreement be scrupulously respected and request the full cooperation of all parties.

14. They extend their sincerest thanks and deepest gratitude to President KUFUOR, to the government and the people of Ghana, for their warm welcome and generous hospitality.

Done at Accra, March 7, 2003

Signatures