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Country/entity: Bosnia and Herzegovina
Yugoslavia (former)
Region: Europe and Eurasia
Agreement name: Agreement
Date: 26 Mar 1993
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Balkan Conflicts (1991 - 1995) (1998 - 2001)
Former Yugoslavia

The disintegration of former Yugoslavia post cold war saw conflicts which became mediated and produced peace agreements in Slovenia (where the brief independence conflict was mediated by the EC Troika in 1991), Croatia (between Croatian and Serb populations 1991-1995), in Bosnia (between Croatian, Serb and Bosniak populations 1992-1995), in Macedonia (where mediation played a key pre-emptive role in preventing large scale conflict in 2001), in Kosovo (between Kosovar Albanians and Serbian population and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY), but also between FRY and NATO, 1998-1999), and a conflict in the Presevo Valley (between Albanians in South Serbia and FRY, 2000-2001). The continued fall-out of the disintegration of former Yugoslavia also saw mediated agreement and ultimate dissolution of the Union between Serbia and Montenegro.

Bosnia-Herzegovina

In 1991, after nationalist parties won the first multi-party elections in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, a violent process of disintegration commenced. With its mixed population, Bosnia-Herzegovina became the centre of the following civil war that began in 1992 between the newly formed army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (mostly Muslim Bosniacs), and the parastatal forces of self-declared Bosnian Croat (Herzeg-Bosnia) and Bosnian Serb (Republika Srpska) entities within Bosnia-Herzegovina, supported by Croatia and Serbia, with various, often short-lived, coalitions. The General Framework Agreement (Dayton Peace Agreement), signed in 1995, split the country into two ethno-federal entities, the Bosniak-Croat Federation and the Republika Srpska, and included continued peacekeeping and institutional administration by international actors.

Kosovo

The conflict between Serbs and Kosovar Albanians has a long history and always involved territorial disputes as well as ethno-political, cultural and linguistic factors. The most recent phase of the conflict began in November 1997 when the Albanian Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA or UCK) began their campaign for the independence of Kosovo from the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY – then Serbia and Montenegro). The subsequent war lasted until the NATO intervention, which undertook bombing campaigns of Belgrade and other places in Serbia during spring 1999. The main agreements solving the conflict were internationally driven and, finally, a UNSC resolution imposed a post-conflict arrangement in the wake of what was essentially a NATO military victory. In February 2008, Kosovo’s parliament declared independence, but independence is still internationally disputed.
Stage: Pre-negotiation/process
Conflict nature: Government/territory
Peace process: Bosnia peace process
Parties: The Busovača Joint Commission [formed of representatives of the Army of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the HVO, and members of the European Community Monitoring Mission and UNPROFOR]
Third parties: -
Description: This short agreement provides for an investigation of the situation in Bilalovac, free movement of people and goods through Vares, removing military checkpoints in the area of joint responsibility, a process to form joint civilian checkpoints in Busovaca, and the parties agree to exchange liaison officers at all required levels in Central Bosnia.

Agreement document: BA_930326_Sporazum_tr.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF
Agreement document (original language): BA_930326_Sporazum_CR.pdf (opens in new tab)| Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: Groups→Racial/ethnic/national group→Rhetorical
Page 1, 2.
The Busovača Joint Commission needs to investigate the real situation in Bilalovac, as well as that of the Muslims in Busovača...
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: Power sharing→Military power sharing→Joint command structures
Page 1, 3.
Commanders of the 1st and 3rd Corps and the HVO Commander of the Central Bosnia operational zone [OZ SB], will issue clear joint orders to their local commanders based in the Vareš area, so that complete freedom of movement for people and goods inside and through Vareš is guaranteed.

Page 1, 6.
The BiH Army and HVO forces will exchange liaison officers at all required levels in Central Bosnia to ensure the implementation of joint decisions and enable cooperation in general. The Busovača Joint Commission is asked to submit detailed plans for this exchange before the next meeting of the Coordination Committee scheduled for 5 April 1993.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: Page 1, 3.
Commanders of the 1st and 3rd Corps and the HVO Commander of the Central Bosnia operational zone [OZ SB], will issue clear joint orders to their local commanders based in the Vareš area, so that complete freedom of movement for people and goods inside and through Vareš is guaranteed.

Page 1, 4.
a) All military checkpoints within the joint area of responsibility of the 1st and 3rd Corps of the Army of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the OZ SB HVO will be removed by 29 March 1993 at 12noon.
b) The civil police chiefs from both sides will meet and draft a joint directive for all civilian
checkpoints, which needs to be submitted by 29 March 1993 at 12noon.
c) The documents from points a) and b) will be produced by the high‐ranking political
representatives, present at this meeting, for the highest BiH governmental bodies, so that
the removal of checkpoints is carried out as soon as possible across the whole territory.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: No specific mention.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: Page 1, 3.
Commanders of the 1st and 3rd Corps and the HVO Commander of the Central Bosnia operational zone [OZ SB], will issue clear joint orders to their local commanders based in the Vareš area, so that complete freedom of movement for people and goods inside and through Vareš is guaranteed.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: No specific mention.
Police: Page 1, 4.
b) b) The civil police chiefs from both sides will meet and draft a joint directive for all civilian checkpoints, which needs to be submitted by 29 March 1993 at 12noon.

Page 1, 5.
For the next meeting of the Coordination Committee scheduled for 5 April 1993, all civilian police chiefs from both sides will produce a joint report on their cooperation to ensure order and safety within their area of responsibility in Central Bosnia.
Armed forces: Page 1, 2.
The Busovača Joint Commission needs to investigate the real situation in Bilalovac, as well as that of the Muslims in Busovača. The Commission shall also report on movements of the 305th Brigade of the Army of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Page 1, 3.
Commanders of the 1st and 3rd Corps and the HVO Commander of the Central Bosnia operational zone [OZ SB], will issue clear joint orders to their local commanders based in the Vareš area, so that complete freedom of movement for people and goods inside and through Vareš is guaranteed.

Page 1, 6.
The BiH Army and HVO forces will exchange liaison officers at all required levels in Central Bosnia to ensure the implementation of joint decisions and enable cooperation in general. The Busovača Joint Commission is asked to submit detailed plans for this exchange before the next meeting of the Coordination Committee scheduled for 5 April 1993.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: Page 1, 3.
Commanders of the 1st and 3rd Corps and the HVO Commander of the Central Bosnia operational zone [OZ SB], will issue clear joint orders to their local commanders based in the Vareš area, so that complete freedom of movement for people and goods inside and through Vareš is guaranteed.

Page 1, 6.
The BiH Army and HVO forces will exchange liaison officers at all required levels in Central Bosnia to ensure the implementation of joint decisions and enable cooperation in general. The Busovača Joint Commission is asked to submit detailed plans for this exchange before the next meeting of the Coordination Committee scheduled for 5 April 1993.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: Slobodan Praljak
http://www.slobodanpraljak.com/

MEETING OF THE COORDINATION COMMITTEE OF THE BUSOVAČA JOINT COMMISSION HELD IN ZENICA AT THE RC ECCM ON 26 MARCH 1993

AGREEMENT

THE UNDERSIGNED HAVE AGREED ON THE FOLLOWING SIX POINTS AND THEIR IMPLEMENTATION:

1. The report submitted by the Busovača Joint Commission has been accepted, and the Committee has expressed their full support for the work of the Commission in Central Bosnia.

2. The Busovača Joint Commission needs to investigate the real situation in Bilalovac, as well as that of the Muslims in Busovača.

The Commission shall also report on movements of the 305th Brigade of the Army of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

3. Commanders of the 1st and 3rd Corps and the HVO Commander of the Central Bosnia operational zone [OZ SB], will issue clear joint orders to their local commanders based in the Vareš area, so that complete freedom of movement for people and goods inside and through Vareš is guaranteed.

4. a) All military checkpoints within the joint area of responsibility of the 1st and 3rd Corps of the Army of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the OZ SB HVO will be removed by 29 March 1993 at 12noon.

b) The civil police chiefs from both sides will meet and draft a joint directive for all civilian checkpoints, which needs to be submitted by 29 March 1993 at 12noon.

c) The documents from points a) and b) will be produced by the high‐ranking political representatives, present at this meeting, for the highest BiH governmental bodies, so that the removal of checkpoints is carried out as soon as possible across the whole territory.

5. For the next meeting of the Coordination Committee scheduled for 5 April 1993, all civilian police chiefs from both sides will produce a joint report on their cooperation to ensure order and safety within their area of responsibility in Central Bosnia.

6. The BiH Army and HVO forces will exchange liaison officers at all required levels in Central Bosnia to ensure the implementation of joint decisions and enable cooperation in general.

The Busovača Joint Commission is asked to submit detailed plans for this exchange before the next meeting of the Coordination Committee scheduled for 5 April 1993.