The agreement between the Russian Federation, Republic of Kazakhstan, and the People's Republic of China on determining the junction point of the international borders of the three states

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Country/entity: China
Kazakhstan
Russia
Region: Asia and Pacific
Europe and Eurasia
Agreement name: The agreement between the Russian Federation, Republic of Kazakhstan, and the People's Republic of China on determining the junction point of the international borders of the three states
Date: 5 May 1999
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Interstate/interstate conflict
Sino-Soviet Border Conflict (1969 - 1991)
Lasting 7 months, this undeclared border war erupted at the height of the Sino-Soviet split in March 1969 in the area of Zhenbao on the Wusuli River. Ten years earlier, the two allies had stood as champions of communism. Indeed, Soviet Russia played a key role in supporting Communist rebels against the nationalist Koumintang. However, relations soured over differences in ideology and leadership and although a border treaty was drawn up in 1965, Nikita Krushchev refused to sign after allegations by Mao Zedong were leaked that Tsarist Russia had stripped China of its historical territory. Accounts of the conflict vary between Chinese and Russian historians. Nonetheless, a People's Liberation Army raid on a Soviet border outpost on March 2, 1969 left over a hundred dead. Although, the conflict brought both countries to the brink of a greater war, with troops amassing on both sides, this outcome was avoided. The conflict was formally ended in September 1991 with the first border demarcation agreement.Other agreements were signed with formerly-Soviet States included Kazakhstan.
Stage: Framework/substantive - partial
Conflict nature: Territory
Peace process: Russia-China-Central Asian borders interstate process
Parties: For the Russian Federation
For the Republic of Kazakhstan
For the People’s Republic of China
Third parties: -
Description: Agreement delimiting the border junction between Russian, China and Kazakhstan.

Agreement document: CN_KZ_RU_990505_Agreement between the Russian Federation, the Republic of Kazakhstan, and the Republic of China, on the definition of terms regarding the junction of the borders of the three States.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF
Agreement document (original language): CN_KZ_RU_990505_The agreement between the Russian Federation, Republic of Kazakhstan, and the People's Republic of China on determining the junction point of the international borders of the three states. May 5, 1999.pdf (opens in new tab)| Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: Page 1, Article 1
The point of the border junction of the Russian Federation, the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Republic of China, hereinafter referred to as the point of the meeting of the borders of the three States, is located on the watershed ridge Southern Altai (Altai Territory) of approximately 3km south-west of the height of the mark and 3086 located in the territory of the Russian Federation, approximately 2.90 km to the south-south-east of the height of the mark 3339, located on the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan, approximately 2.81km north-north-east of the height of the mark 2988, located on the territory of the Republic of China.
The coordinates of the point the mating face of the borders of the three states: Geographical: 49°06,9' north latitude; 87° 17.2' Eastern Longitude; rectangular: X = 5 442 595, Y = 15 520 905, height - 3327.
The coordinates of the mark and heights are given in the Coordinate System 1942 and Baltic system heights.

Page 1, Article 2
The location of the point of the meeting of the borders of the three States shows a red circle on the map scale 1:50000, annexed to this Agreement and part of its integral part.
Referred to in article 1 of this Agreement the distance and the mark Heights, as well as geographic and rectangular coordinates of the mating face of the borders of the three states are defined on the map.

Page 2, Article 3
From the point of the meeting of the borders of the three states of the state borders are as they are defined in treaties on the border between the States concerned.

Page 2, Article 4
In connection with that point of the meeting of the borders of the three states is located on the top of the ridge covered with eternal Surkhob in a location that the High Contracting Parties agreed not to establish at this point in the border mark.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: No specific mention.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: No specific mention.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: No specific mention.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: Tengris News, https://web.archive.org/web/20200107164832/https://tengrinews.kz/zakon/parlament_respubliki_kazahstan/mejdunapodnyie_otnosheniya_respubliki_kazahstan/id-Z990000003_/

Agreement between the Russian Federation, the Republic of Kazakhstan, and the Republic of China, on the definition of terms regarding the junction of the borders of the three States

5 May 1999

The Russian Federation, the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Republic of China, hereinafter referred to as the Contracting Parties,

Guided by the principles of mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity,

In accordance with the agreement between the Russian Federation and the Republic of China on the Chinese state border on its western part of 3 September 1994 and the Agreement between the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Republic of China the Kazakh-Russian state border of 26 April 1994 , in order to determine the location of the point of the mating face of the borders of the three States,

Have agreed on the following:

Article 1

The point of the border junction of the Russian Federation, the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Republic of China, hereinafter referred to as the point of the meeting of the borders of the three States, is located on the watershed ridge Southern Altai (Altai Territory) of approximately 3km south-west of the height of the mark and 3086 located in the territory of the Russian Federation, approximately 2.90 km to the south-south-east of the height of the mark 3339, located on the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan, approximately 2.81km north-north-east of the height of the mark 2988, located on the territory of the Republic of China.

The coordinates of the point the mating face of the borders of the three states:

Geographical:

49°06,9' north latitude;

87° 17.2' Eastern Longitude;

rectangular:

X = 5 442 595, Y = 15 520 905, height - 3327.

The coordinates of the mark and heights are given in the Coordinate System 1942 and Baltic system heights.

Article 2

The location of the point of the meeting of the borders of the three States shows a red circle on the map scale 1:50000, annexed to this Agreement and part of its integral part.

Referred to in article 1 of this Agreement the distance and the mark Heights, as well as geographic and rectangular coordinates of the mating face of the borders of the three states are defined on the map.

Article 3

From the point of the meeting of the borders of the three states of the state borders are as they are defined in treaties on the border between the States concerned.

Article 4

In connection with that point of the meeting of the borders of the three states is located on the top of the ridge covered with eternal Surkhob in a location that the High Contracting Parties agreed not to establish at this point in the border mark.

Article 5

The present Agreement shall enter into force from the date of the last written notification of the Contracting Parties of the internal State procedures necessary for its entry into force.

Done in Almaty 5 May 1999 in three copies, each in the Russian and Kazakh and Chinese languages.

In the case of the differences in the interpretation of this Agreement, the Contracting Parties will be based on the texts of the Russian and Chinese languages.

For the Russian Federation

For the Republic of Kazakhstan

For the People’s Republic of China