Protocol between the Government of the Russian Federation, the Government of Mongolia, and the Government of the People's Republic of China, describing the eastern junction point of the borders of the three states

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Country/entity: China
Mongolia
Russia
Region: Asia and Pacific
Europe and Eurasia
Agreement name: Protocol between the Government of the Russian Federation, the Government of Mongolia, and the Government of the People's Republic of China, describing the eastern junction point of the borders of the three states
Date: 24 Jun 1996
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Interstate/interstate conflict
Sino-Soviet Border Conflict (1969 - 1991)
Lasting 7 months, this undeclared border war erupted at the height of the Sino-Soviet split in March 1969 in the area of Zhenbao on the Wusuli River. Ten years earlier, the two allies had stood as champions of communism. Indeed, Soviet Russia played a key role in supporting Communist rebels against the nationalist Koumintang. However, relations soured over differences in ideology and leadership and although a border treaty was drawn up in 1965, Nikita Krushchev refused to sign after allegations by Mao Zedong were leaked that Tsarist Russia had stripped China of its historical territory. Accounts of the conflict vary between Chinese and Russian historians. Nonetheless, a People's Liberation Army raid on a Soviet border outpost on March 2, 1969 left over a hundred dead. Although, the conflict brought both countries to the brink of a greater war, with troops amassing on both sides, this outcome was avoided. The conflict was formally ended in September 1991 with the first border demarcation agreement.Other agreements were signed with formerly-Soviet States included Kazakhstan.
Stage: Framework/substantive - partial
Conflict nature: Territory
Peace process: Russia-China-Central Asian borders interstate process
Parties: Government of the Russian Federation, the Government of the People’s Republic of China and the Government of the Mongolian People’s Republic
Third parties: -
Description: Short agreement following up on the 1994 Ulanbatoor Agreement delimiting the eastern junction of the borders of Russia, Mongolia and China.

Agreement document: CN_RU_MN_960624_Protocol East Junction Border.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF
Agreement document (original language): CN_RU_960624_Protocol between the Government of the Russian Federation, the Government of Mongolia, and the Government of the People's Republic of China, describing the eastern junction point of the borders of the trees states.pdf (opens in new tab)| Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: Page 1, Article 1,
The eastern junction of the state-borders between Russia, China and Mongolia is located at Tarvagan Dah at the marked altitude of 645m. This point is located 147.8m northwest of the border marker N1 on the Russian-Chinese border; 8.7m to the north- northeast of the border marker N639 on the Sino-Mongolian border, and 759.7m south- southeast of the border marker N964 on the Russian-Mongolian border. The coordinates of the points are identified on the ground instrumentally, with an error of less than 1m, its height noted on the map to the scale of 1 : 100,000 published by the USSR in 1981. Coordinate and height shown in the 1942 Baltic height system. Coordinates of the East Junction: B = 49-50'42,3 "north latitude; L = 116-42'46,8 "east longitude; rectangular: X = 5523751,6 m, the Y = 20,479,357.0 m, height = 645.0.

Page 1, Article 2,
The Joint Working Group established a marker at the eastern junction of the frontiers at Tarvagan Dah, numbered “0”. The marker is composed of a three-sided granite stele with a metal frame and concrete base. A drawing of the marker’s appearance and its description of is in the annex to this protocol.

Page 1, Article 3,
The location of the eastern junction of borders between Russia, Mongolia and China is shown in a red circle, and the borders of the three states at the eastern junction by a red line on the map with the scale 1:10,000 which is annexed to this protocol along with a description.

Page 1-2, Article 4,
The state borders by the eastern junction of the three countries are in the following areas: The state border between China and Russian is straight south-east to the border marker N1 on the Chinese-Russian border;
The state border between China and Mongolia is in a straight line in a south-southwest direction to border marker N639 on the Chinese-Mongolian border; The state border between Russia and Mongolia is in a straight line in a north-northwest direction to border marker N964 on the Mongolian-Russian border.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: No specific mention.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: No specific mention.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: No specific mention.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: http://old.lawru.info/base32/part9/d32ru9847.htm

Protocol between the Government of the Russian Federation, the Government of Mongolia, and the Government of the People's Republic of China, describing the eastern junction point of the borders of the three states

Beijing, June 24, 1996

The Government of the Russian Federation, the Government of the People’s Republic of China and the Government of the Mongolian People’s Republic (hereinafter referred to as the contracting parties),

Considering the Joint Sino-Russia-Mongolian Working Group, in accordance with the Agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation, the Mongolian People’s Federation and the Government of the People’s Republic of China on determining the Eastern junction of the borders of the three states from January 27, 1994, establishing the frontier marker at “Tarvagan Dah”, have agreed as follows:

Article 1 The eastern junction of the state-borders between Russia, China and Mongolia is located at Tarvagan Dah at the marked altitude of 645m. This point is located 147.8m northwest of the border marker N1 on the Russian-Chinese border;

8.7m to the north- northeast of the border marker N639 on the Sino-Mongolian border, and 759.7m south- southeast of the border marker N964 on the Russian-Mongolian border.

The coordinates of the points are identified on the ground instrumentally, with an error of less than 1m, its height noted on the map to the scale of 1 :

100,000 published by the USSR in 1981.

Coordinate and height shown in the 1942 Baltic height system.

Coordinates of the East Junction:

B = 49-50'42,3 "north latitude;

L = 116-42'46,8 "east longitude;

rectangular:

X = 5523751,6 m, the Y = 20,479,357.0 m, height = 645.0.

Article 2 The Joint Working Group established a marker at the eastern junction of the frontiers at Tarvagan Dah, numbered “0”.

The marker is composed of a three-sided granite stele with a metal frame and concrete base.

A drawing of the marker’s appearance and its description of is in the annex to this protocol.

Article 3 The location of the eastern junction of borders between Russia, Mongolia and China is shown in a red circle, and the borders of the three states at the eastern junction by a red line on the map with the scale 1:10,000 which is annexed to this protocol along with a description.

Article 4 The state borders by the eastern junction of the three countries are in the following areas:

The state border between China and Russian is straight south-east to the border marker N1 on the Chinese-Russian border;

The state border between China and Mongolia is in a straight line in a south-southwest direction to border marker N639 on the Chinese-Mongolian border;

The state border between Russia and Mongolia is in a straight line in a north-northwest direction to border marker N964 on the Mongolian-Russian border.

Article 5 1.

The contracting parties shall take the necessary measures to preserve the Tarvagan Dah border marker to prevent it from moving, loss or damage.

Neither party has the right to unilaterally change the location, shape and size of the sign, or install a new border maker.

The responsibility for preservation and repair of the base and metal frame side of the Tarvagan Dah border marker is Russian and Mongolian.

Responsibility for the preservation and repair of the border marker stele side is Chinese.

If one of the parties finds the that the Tarvagan Dah border marker has been moved, damaged or lost, it shall immediately notify the other two parties.

Restoration and repair of the border marker shall be made by the responsible parties in accordance with the parameters set out in the protocol in the presence of representatives of all parties.

Contracting Parties may, if necessary, carry out joint inspections of the Tarvagan Dah border marker.

With the inspection, repair or restoration of the border marker at Tarvagan Dah, the Contracting Parties shall make a joint protocol, which after signing shall become an annex to this protocol.

Article 6 This protocol shall enter into force from the date of the last written notification of the completion of appropriate procedures in accordance with the legislation of each Contracting Party.

Completed at Beijing on June 24, 1996, in triplicate in Russian, Mongolian and Chinese languages, all three texts being equally authentic.